EXTERNAL MALLEOLUS ACTION ON ANKLE STABILITY IN FIBULAR RESECTION

In the management of ankle joint fractures, re- duction and fixation of the lateral malleolus should be emphasized. The lateral maUeolus should have anatomical reduction and fixation should be reliable. Fibular integrity is essential in stabilizing the ankle joint. Routine section of the fibula may result in separation of the inferior tibiofibular joint, ankle instability and talus displacement. Eventually this leads to traumatic arthritis. So special attention should be paid to fibular resection, even partial removal of the fibula for transplantation should be carried out carefully.     

前列腺素E对氧化和糖基化低密度脂蛋白影响的比较研究

应用生物化学，组织化学和形态计量学等技术对低密度脂蛋白的氧化和糖基化损伤进行了比较研究，同时观察了前列腺素Ｅ类药物的影响。结果显示：与对照组相比，氧化低密度脂蛋白组的抗氧化酶活性明显低落，过氧化脂质含量显著升高，但前列腺素Ｅ类药物却明显提高抗氧化酶活性，抑制过氧化脂质生成。巨噬细胞含脂的形态计量学分析表明前列腺素Ｅ，尤以前列腺素Ｅ２明显抑制泡沫细胞形成。糖基化修饰低密度脂蛋白机理较为复杂，其两酶活     

甘草次酸抑制表皮细胞生长因子对HaCaT细胞促增殖作用的机制研究

目的 探讨甘草次酸对表皮细胞生长因子（EGF）诱导的HaCaT细胞增殖的影响,并对其可能机制进行相关研究。方法 MTT法检测不同浓度EGF （0、1、5、10、25、50、100 ?滋g/L） 以及不同浓度甘草次酸（0、0.1、1、10、25、50、100 ?滋mol/L）对HaCaT细胞增殖的影响,25 ?滋mol/L甘草次酸、10 ?滋mol/L MEK1/2抑制剂 （U0126） 对25 ?滋g/L EGF促HaCaT细胞增殖的抑制作用。蛋白免疫印迹法检测25 ?滋g/L EGF对ERK1/2磷酸化的促进作用,25 ?滋mol/L甘草次酸、10 ?滋mol/L U0126对ERK1/2磷酸化的抑制作用,25 ?滋g/L EGF、25 ?滋mol/L甘草次酸、10 ?滋mol/L U0126分别或同时作用下HaCaT细胞增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）、Notch-1蛋白的表达情况。使用SPSS17.0统计软件对实验数据进行t检验、方差分析和相关分析。结果 EGF在0 ～ 100 ?滋g/L范围内促进HaCaT细胞增殖（r = 0.798,P ＜ 0.05）,在0 ～ 50 ?滋g/L 范围内与HaCaT细胞增殖呈线性相关（r = 0.859,P ＜ 0.05）。甘草次酸在10 ～ 100 ?滋mol/L范围内浓度依赖性地抑制HaCaT细胞增殖（r = －0.945,P ＜ 0.01）;25 ?滋mol/L甘草次酸明显抑制25 ?滋g/L EGF对HaCaT细胞的促增殖作用以及对ERK1/2的促磷酸化作用。同时,25 ?滋mol/L甘草次酸、10 ?滋mol/L U0126均抑制25 ?滋g/L EGF对HaCaT细胞PCNA、Notch-1蛋白的促表达作用。结论 甘草次酸可抑制EGF对HaCaT细胞的促增殖作用,其机制可能与甘草次酸抑制EGF对HaCaT细胞ERK1/2信号通路的激活有关。     

Tumor necrosis factor‐like weak inducer of apoptosis and its receptor fibroblast growth factor‐inducible 14 are expressed in urticarial vasculitis

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), a member of the TNF family, has been implicated as a pro‐inflammatory cytokine in many types of autoimmune and infectious diseases. However, information about TWEAK in dermatological diseases is limited. To date, no studies have investigated the roles of TWEAK in patients with urticarial vasculitis (UV). This study aimed to assess serum TWEAK levels, together with TWEAK and fibroblast growth factor‐inducible 14 (Fn14) expressions of skin lesions in patients with UV. Serum TWEAK levels in patients with UV, together with patients with cutaneous leukocytoclastic angiitis (CLA) and healthy controls were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay; TWEAK and Fn14 expressions of skin lesions were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results showed that TWEAK and Fn14 were abundantly expressed in the dermal vessel wall of lesional skin in patients with UV but not healthy controls. Serum TWEAK levels in the acute stage in patients with UV were significantly higher than those in the convalescent stage and healthy controls. Serum TWEAK levels were elevated significantly in patients with CLA compared with those in healthy controls. Our previous study indicated that TWEAK may be an important mediator for the development of vascular inflammation in skin. In addition, we also found that TWEAK blockade substantially reduced vascular damage and perivascular leukocyte infiltrates in lipopolysaccharide‐induced cutaneous vasculitis. Our study shows that TWEAK may be associated with the pathogenesis of UV; it is therefore suggested that TWEAK may be a potential therapeutic target for UV and other types of cutaneous vasculitis.     

Maternal employment and atopic dermatitis in children: a prospective cohort study

Background Considering the early onset of atopic dermatitis (AD), which most often arises in the first year of life, risk factors occurring very early in life must be considered. Little is known about the effects of maternal occupational exposure on the development of atopic disorders in children. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate associations between maternal employment and childhood AD. Methods We used multistage stratified systematic sampling to recruit 24 200 mother–newborn pairs from the Taiwan national birth register. Information on maternal occupation categories, work stress, working time, shift work and potential confounders during pregnancy was gathered by questionnaires after birth. At 3 years of age, information on the development of AD was assessed by home interviews. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the association of maternal employment and AD. Results Overall, 11 962 out of 19 381 mothers (61·7%) worked during pregnancy. The children of mothers who worked during pregnancy had an increased risk of AD compared with those whose mothers did not work [odds ratio (OR) 1·38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·25–1·53]. The children of mothers with a professional or technical occupation had a higher risk of AD (OR 1·64, 95% CI 1·44–1·87). The risk of AD was found to increase with maternal work stress during pregnancy in a dose–response manner (P_trend < 0·01). The mothers of children with AD had a longer working time than those without AD (P < 0·0001). However, no significant association between AD and maternal shift work was found. Conclusions Working in professional or technical occupations increased the risk of childhood AD in addition to work stress during pregnancy.     

薯蓣皂苷元对昆明鼠的亚慢性毒性实验

目的：评估薯蓣皂苷元对小鼠的亚慢性毒性作用。方法：采用随机数字表法将80只小鼠分为0（对照）、100、200、400 mg·kg^-1共4组,每天灌胃1次,连续给药90天,评估薯蓣皂苷元对小鼠的亚慢性毒性作用。观察指标包括小鼠体质量、毛色、饮食、粪便情况等,检测指标包括血常规分析、血液生化检查和病理学检查。结果：与对照组相比,雄性药物组小鼠体质量略减轻。血液学和病理学检查并无明显异常。结论：薯蓣皂苷元亚慢性毒性无可见不良效应剂量水平大于400 mg·kg^-1,口服给药较为安全。     

孟加拉玫瑰红诱导的激光所致大鼠缺血性视神经病变模型制作

目的:视神经损伤是以视网膜神经节细胞的轴突损害为主要特征,所以研究缺血性视神经病变模型以抑制视神经节细胞损伤对于人类治疗致盲性眼病具有重大意义.方法:大鼠60只,双眼分别为孟加拉玫瑰红注射实验组、孟加拉玫瑰红注射 激光实验组、激光实验组和空白对照组,用25g/L乌拉坦10mL/kg麻醉,ip.结果:用孟加拉玫瑰红尾部注射和单纯激光的方法均不能产生视网膜缺血.用孟加拉玫瑰红诱导后,用激光的方法可以成功制作缺血性视神经病变模型,并在闪光VEP、视网膜血液供应、光镜、电镜、定量观察等方面都有相应的改变.结论:用孟加拉玫瑰红诱导激光可成功制作缺血性视神经病变模型     

圆锥角膜的共焦显微镜表现临床分级

目的 观察临床上不同阶段圆锥角膜的共焦显微镜图像，推测圆锥角膜的病理发展过程，并进行圆锥角膜的共焦显微镜分级。方法 采用共焦显微镜（Confoscan 2．0），观察24例24眼不同发展阶段（lawless分期）圆锥角膜患者的角膜共焦显微镜图像，进行分析并提出焦显微镜下的临床分分期。结果 共焦显微镜下圆锥角膜首先出现了排列规则的裂隙状暗纹，随着病情的不断进展，病变逐渐由角膜后弹力层向前发展，逐渐累及角膜的后基质和前基质，同时角膜基质细胞核拉长、排列出现紊乱，前后基质细胞失去了原有特征。急性圆锥角膜的患者角膜基质细胞出现水肿，角膜瘢痕在共焦显微镜下呈强反光的无细胞样结构。讨论 共焦显微镜下圆锥角膜的病理发展过程，是从角膜后弹力层开始，由后向前发展，逐渐累及角膜的后基质、前期基质，最后角膜破裂引起急性圆锥角膜，角膜出现水肿，愈合后遗留瘢痕。据此提出圆锥角膜共焦显微镜分期将为四个阶段：第一阶段、角膜裂隙样暗纹累及角膜后弹力层；第二阶段、角膜裂隙样暗纹累及角膜后后基质；第三阶段、角膜裂隙样暗纹累及角膜前基质；第四阶段、出现角膜基质水肿或者瘢痕。     

内蒙古呼伦贝尔地区气候性滴状角膜变性流行病学调查

目的调查气候性滴状角膜变性（CDK）在内蒙古呼伦贝尔地区的发病情况，并初步分析其相关因素。方法对内蒙古呼伦贝尔地区牧业四旗进行人群抽样调查，共调查2558人，其中游牧人群1210人，农耕人群1348人，并对可能相关因素进行问卷调查。结果调查人群中发病年龄最小为20岁，总患病率为21．6％，男性为21．7％，女性为21．6％，男女患病率和严重程度差异无统计学意义（χ^2=2．88，1．87，P=0．090，0．3929）；患病率随年龄增加而增高，40岁以上人群患病率为38．9％；20岁以上人群中1级病变311人，占15．3％，2级病变242人，占11．9％，未发现3级病变患者；牧业四旗之间患病率比较，差异有统计学意义（χ^2=38．12，P=0．00）；游牧人群患病率和严重程度明显高于农耕人群，二者比较差异有统计学意义（，=630．41，P=0．00）；调查发现：巴尔虎蒙古族患病率最高（52．8％），其次为布力亚特蒙古族（46．5％）、鄂温克族（40．8％），达斡尔族（1．6％）、汉族（1．3％）和科尔沁蒙古族（0．8％）最低，各民族患病率比较差异有统计学意义（χ^2=646．19，P=0．00）；通过相关因素分析发现CDK与年龄、放牧时间、民族及生活方式相关。结论CDK在内蒙古呼伦贝尔地区患病率较高，游牧人群高于农耕人群；不同民族患病率不同，其发生及严重程度与放牧时间、年龄、民族及生活方式有关。