High-resolution chromosome R-banding in lymphoblastoid cell lines by the combined use of cell synchronization and ethidium bromide treatment

Summary A reliable method for obtaining high-resolution R-banded chromosomes from lymphoblastoid cell lines is described. The cell cultures are subjected to S-phase synchronization in the presence of excess thymidine (300 g/ml) for 17 to 19 hr, followed by BrdU treatment (30 g/ml) for 6.5 hr. Prior to harvest, they are exposed to ethidium bromide (7.5 g/ml) for 1.5 hr and Colcemid (0.02 g/ml) for 30 min. Using this method, high-resolution R-banded chromosomes at the 550–850 band level were obtained with frequencies at high as 70% of all mitotic cells.     

The Binding of Cyclosporin A to Human Plasma: An in Vitro Microdialysis Study

Purpose. The human plasma binding of cyclosporin A was studied in vitro using the technique of microdialysis. The effect of temperature on the overall binding interaction between cyclosporin A and human plasma was also investigated. Methods. Flow-through loop-type microdialysis probes were constructed from fused silica tubing and regenerated cellulose tubing with a MWCO of 13000 daltons. Probes were perfused with phosphate buffer (0.5 µl/min) and the concentration of ³H-cyclosporin A in the well-mixed medium (plasma or buffer) was 1200 ng/ml. Relative recoveries of cyclosporin A from plasma or buffer were determined for each probe by separate experiments to measure the solute gain or loss with reference to the perfusate. Results. Recoveries determined by loss were significantly greater than those determined by gain and in each case temperature dependent, with higher recoveries at higher temperatures. The plasma free fraction of cyclosporin A calculated from the recovery data and the perfusate to plasma concentration ratios was dependent on temperature in a log-linear fashion. Mean ± s.d. plasma free fractions expressed in percent were 33.5 ± 4.6, 17.9 ± 3.6, 6.2 ± 0.8, 3.0 ± 0.6, and 1.5 ± 0.2 at temperatures of 4, 10, 20, 30, and 37°C, respectively. Assuming that the enthalpy of binding is constant over the temperature range studied and pseudo-first order conditions exist, the binding reaction at these temperatures was spontaneous, endothermic (H = 74.0 kJ/mole), and entropically driven (S = 0.274 kJ/mole/deg). Conclusions. These results show that the free fraction of cyclosporin A in human plasma is dependent on temperature with the fraction unbound decreasing with temperature in the range of 4 to 37°C. The thermodynamic parameters for the binding of cyclosporin A to plasma components indicate that the reaction is a spontaneous endothermic reaction that is mainly entropy driven, similar to the partitioning of lipophilic molecules from an aqueous to a hydrophobic phase. Moreover, these results show that microdialysis is a feasible method to determine the binding interactions between plasma and cyclosporin A, which indicates the method may be suitable for other difficult binding studies where the solutes have nonspecific binding to separation devices.     

对99例髋臼骨折内固定治疗的分析

从1972年11月到1994年3月,401例髋臼骨折病人中的99例经手术治疗并获随访,包括30例双柱骨折,13例横骨折伴后壁骨折,9例后壁骨折,9例后柱骨折,9例前往骨折伴前壁骨折,13例T形骨折和16例横骨折.平均随访时间为7年(2～14).外科手术入路的选择,后入路53次,髂腹股沟入路23次,延长的髂股骨入路11次,放射状入路9次和结合性入路6次.复位情况用X线平片来评判,解剖复位的有59例(59.6%),接近解剖复位(<2mm的错位)的有19例(19.2%).总结果用Harris Hip Score来评判,优秀的有53例(53.5%),良好的有25例(25.3%),一般的有14例(14.1%),差的有7例(7%).并发症中,有10例(53%)为感染,7例(37%)为静脉栓塞.这些结果表明,对于错位严重的髋臼骨折,切开复位内固定是一种可以选择的治疗方法.     

Effects of eating an uncooked vegetable diet for 1 week

Biochemical and metabolic indicators were monitored in a group of volunteers suffering from a variety of chronic illnesses participating in a week's course on a special uncooked vegetable diet, known as "living food". Unmatched healthy controls ate the same diet cooked for 2 min in a microwave oven. After 1 week on the regimen, serum protein and urea contents decreased and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) activity increased in both groups, although all within the normal range. Blood glucose increased in both groups to slightly above normal limits but total serum cholesterol dropped about 1 mmol/l from normal starting levels. Serum tocopherol and retinol increased only in the group eating the uncooked diet. In both groups urinary sodium dropped drastically without a significant change in potassium. Serum and urinary phenol and p-cresol diminished also significantly. It is concluded that this vegetable diet may be of some benefit in the short term but any longer-term use requires evaluation.     

Electron microscopical and immunohistochemical studies on the induction of "Qi" employing needling manipulation.

During a sparrow-pecking and twisting-needle manipulation to the acupoints BL 23, 24 and 25 for an induction of "Qi", it was found that some transparent materials were binding to the needles after removed from the volunteer's skin. Electron-microscopical analysis of the transparent materials revealed that they corresponded to the injured fascia made up of collagen fibers, elastic fibers, fibroblasts, adipocytes and mast cells. Rarely were nerve fiber-like structures observed in the materials. Immunohistochemically, calcitonin gene-related peptide-positive nerve fibers could be demonstrated in the acupoint BL 24 associated fascia. A possible functional relationship between the needle manipulation and the induction of Qi-sensation is discussed along with the acupoint tissue constitution.     

经尿道气化结合电切术治疗高危前列腺增生107例报告

目的　探讨高危前列腺增生症 (BPH)患者的有效手术方法。方法　采用经尿道前列腺气化术(TVP)结合电切术 (TURP)治疗高危 BPH患者 10 7例。结果　平均手术时间 5 6 m in,平均失血量 90 ml,均未输血 ,无 TURS发生。 89例术后随访 3个月至 2年 ,国际前列腺症状评分 (IPSS) ,由术前 2 6 .8± 5 .9分术后降至 8.7± 4 .3分 (P<0 .0 0 1)。最大尿流率 (Qmax)由术前 5 .0± 4 .2 ml/ s,术后升至 16 .2± 4 .5 m l/ s (P<0 .0 0 1)。剩余尿量(PUR)由术前 137.6± 5 4 .9ml术后降至 2 1.8± 16 .1ml(P<0 .0 0 1)。结论　TVP结合 TURP安全性高、并发症少、效果确切 ,只要处理方法得当 ,适合高危 BPH患者     

高效液相色谱法测定排石灵片中芍药苷的含量

目的 :建立一种排石灵片中芍药苷的含量测定方法。方法 :采用高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为HypersilODSC18(4 .6mm× 2 5 0mm ,5 μm) ;流动相 :甲醇 水 (2 8∶72 ) ;流速 :1mL·min-1;柱温 :2 5℃ ;检测波长 :2 30nm。结果 :进样量在 0 .2 5～ 6 .2 5 μg内呈现良好的线性关系 ,回归方程为Y =6 .0 89× 10 -5X +0 .10 87,r =0 .9999,平均回收率为 98.4 % ,RSD为 1.6 %(n =5 )。结论 :测定方法简便 ,准确 ,重现性好 ,适合于排石灵片的含量测定     

新的磷酸二酯酶及其功能

磷酸二酯酶(PDEs)基因家族已扩大到11个。新的PDE酶包括PDE7B，PDE8，PDE9A，PDEl0A，PDEllA。新发现的PDEs在调节阴茎勃起功能、胰岛素分泌、T细胞活化和感染、生长和发育中起重要作用。     

药事管理学科科研问题及对策浅析

分析当前我国药事管理学科科研中存在的问题和原因。提出发展科研的思路与方法。