犬骨髓间充质干细胞体外分离、诱导成纤维细胞的实验研究

目的探讨体外稳定诱导骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSC)分化为成肌纤维细胞和成纤维细胞的方法,为构建组织工程瓣膜提供种子细胞。方法应用Percoll(密度1·073g/ml)淋巴细胞分离液分离健康犬骨髓标本,取分离的BMSC,在低糖改良Eagles培养液中培养,并用免疫组织化学的方法做细胞表型鉴定,然后用条件培养基对第2、3代细胞进行诱导分化,并用层黏连蛋白单抗对诱导后的细胞做免疫组织化学鉴定。并对诱导后细胞进行冻存,7d后复苏观察细胞的生长、增殖及功能。结果经Percoll液分离的骨髓单核细胞,经贴壁培养后,其表型为波形蛋白阳性、α平滑肌肌动蛋白阳性、CD3-4、层黏连蛋白阴性;诱导后细胞表达层黏连蛋白,阳性细胞数可达(50±3)%;诱导后BMSC经冻存复苏后,细胞复苏率(85±3)%,复苏后细胞生长、增殖旺盛,功能不受影响。结论BMSC体外能定向诱导分化为成肌纤维细胞和成纤维细胞,并符合种子细胞的要求。     

Femoral neck trabecular microstructure in ovariectomized ewes treated with calcitonin: MRI microscopic evaluation.

Ovariectomy induces deterioration of the trabecular structure in the femoral neck of ewes, as depicted by MR microscopic imaging. This structural deterioration is prevented by salmon calcitonin treatment. INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated the trabecular (Tb) microarchitecture of an ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporotic model in ewes and determined the effects of salmon calcitonin (sCT), an osteoclast inhibitor, on the Tb structure. This is the first report of OVX-induced changes in the Tb structure in the femoral neck in the ewes and effect of sCT on the microarchitecture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ewes (5-8 years old, n = 28) were equally allocated into sham (Sham), OVX injected with vehicle, or OVX injected with sCT at 50 or 100 IU, three injections per week. They were killed 6 months after OVX. The femoral neck was examined with an MR imager at 9.4 T in axial, coronal, and sagittal planes. An internal calibration procedure as a means of standardizing image analysis was used to adjust the segmentation threshold. Data from all three planes were averaged. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Compared with Sham, OVX induced significant changes (p < 0.0125) in the MRI-derived femoral neck Tb structure: Tb bone volume fraction (BV/TV), -18%; Tb number, -20%; Tb separation, +23%; number of free ends, +28%; number of nodes, -39%; number of Tb branches, -23%; mean length of Tb branches, -19%. Compared with OVX, treatment of sCT at 100 IU significantly improved all the Tb structural parameters to the Sham level (p < 0.0001 approximately p = 0.0281), whereas 50 IU significantly increased the Tb number and the mean length of the Tb branches. BV/TV explained 74% of the variation of compressive stress of the trabecular cylinder cores of the femoral neck. Combining all structural parameters in a multivariate regression analysis significantly improved the explanation to 84%, and adding BMD further improved the predictive ability of the model to 92%. We conclude that OVX induces deterioration of the MRI-derived Tb microstructure in the femoral neck of ewes. sCT treatment prevents OVX-induced changes. The femoral neck microarchitecture significantly correlates with its biomechanical properties. Combining microstructural parameters with BMD further improves the prediction of bone biomechanical properties. The effects of sCT on OVX ewes may help explain reduced fracture risk in postmenopausal osteoporotic women treated with sCT.     

疫情之下医学人文慕课建设的现状分析与思考

分析当前我国医学人文类慕课的建设现状,促进医学人文慕课优质课程资源共享,为课程设计规划提供信息参考。采用数理统计法、思维导图分析法对疫情期间17个在线课程平台上的42门医学人文慕课进行分析,结果显示：①医学人文慕课规模和数量有待扩增;②慕课建设存在地域不均衡性,华东地区建设最多;③慕课师资以团队授课为主,高级职称教师为团队主力,且部分教师团队为多学科背景;④课程内容中人文知识和能力相关教学内容丰富,但需适当增加医学人文精神认知相关内容。根据以上分析结果,建议医学人文慕课建设注重系统性和规范性,配备多学科专业背景师资团队,注意做好课程设计和规划,充分关注学习者的反馈与评价,以发现不足之处。     

疫情防控期间某医院开展临床医学课程在线教学的SWOT分析

利用SWOT理论分析疫情防控期间教学医院开展在线教学的内外部竞争环境和竞争条件。在综合性大学附属某医院开展临床医学课程在线教学,具有资源优势、组织优势和平台优势;但也存在临床医学专业的课程特殊性、临床教学医院的教师身份特殊性、疫情防控背景下在线教学的软硬件特殊性等劣势;为医院对标国家一流课程建设、发挥课程思政在教学阵地的主作用、营造主动型学习生态圈提供了发展基础;也对未来教学模式、教学管理模式、教学空间变革提出了挑战。基于此,提出推进医院医学教育信息化建设;全面提升教师信息素养;筑构适应于医院管理环境的教育信息化平台;搭建基于智慧教学空间的多元评价体系;基于多学科建设线上线下混合式课程体系等措施,以推进医院医学教育信息化建设和提升教学管理效率,促进“新医科”建设。     

应用比较基因组杂交技术对卵巢癌耐药机制的研究

目的探讨卵巢癌化疗耐药患者组织中染色体的变化特征,寻找或定位与卵巢癌化疗耐药密切相关的基因,以便对其耐药机制进一步研究。方法采用比较基因组杂交技术分析卵巢癌化疗耐药组（浆液性卵巢癌6例、黏液性卵巢癌3例、子宫内膜样卵巢癌2例、透明细胞癌1例,共12例）和化疗敏感组（浆液性卵巢癌5例、黏液性卵巢癌3例、子宫内膜样卵巢癌2例、透明细胞癌2例,共12例）两组癌细胞基因组的不平衡,即DNA丢失或扩增。结果化疗耐药患者组织中最常见的染色体DNA拷贝数增加的部位是3q,8q,20q,11q,17q,2p,1q;常见的染色体DNA拷贝数缺失的部位是9p,5q,10q,3p。其中17q的增加,耐药组为66．7％,敏感组为16．7％;1q的增加,耐药组为66、7％,敏感组为16．7％;3p的丢失,耐药组为50．0％,敏感组为8．3％,在化疗耐药患者组织中表现更加明显。结论卵巢癌耐药患者组织中细胞染色体基因组最明显的改变为17q,1q的增加以及3p的丢失,这些部位可能存在与卵巢癌化疗耐药密切相关的癌基因及抑癌基因。     

异丙酚对人脐静脉内皮细胞凋亡相关基因Bcl-2及Bax表达的影响

目的 :观察异丙酚 (Propofol)及肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNF α)对培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞 (HUVECs)凋亡相关基因Bcl 2及Bax表达的影响 ,探讨异丙酚抑制凋亡的机理。方法 :将培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞 3～ 4代于融合状态 ,随机分为 7组 :对照组 (P0 ) ,2 5 μmol/L异丙酚组 (P2 5) ,TNF α组 (P0 +TNF α) ,12 .5 μmol/L异丙酚和TNF α组 (P12 .5+TNF α) ,2 5 μmol/L异丙酚和TNF α组 (P2 5+TNF α) ,5 0 μmol/L异丙酚和TNF α组 (P50 +TNF α) ,10 0 μmol/L异丙酚和TNF α组 (P10 0 +TNF α)。各组加入相应药物培养 2 4h后收获细胞 ,采用免疫细胞化学染色方法测定Bcl 2及Bax蛋白表达。结果 :与对照组 (P0 )相比 ,异丙酚 2 5 μmol/L组 (P2 5)Bcl 2及Bax蛋白表达无明显变化 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;TNF α(P0 +TNF α)组Bcl 2蛋白表达降低 ,Bax蛋白表达升高 (P <0 .0 0 1) ;而不同浓度的异丙酚预处理后再加入肿瘤坏死因子的各组 (P12 .5+TNF α、P2 5+TNF α、P50 +TNF α、P10 0 +TNF α)Bcl 2蛋白表达增加 ,Bax蛋白表达降低 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1)。结论 :临床相关浓度的异丙酚可通过调节Bcl 2及Bax蛋白表达抑制TNF α诱导的内皮细胞凋亡     

肿瘤疫苗的作用机制及研究进展

0 引言 一直以来,对于肿瘤的治疗多采用手术,放疗和化疗三大常规方法.一百多年前,Caley用细菌疫苗免疫机体时,观察到肿瘤缩小.     

浅议生命伦理学中的民主自由

目前的生命伦理学正处于一种“缺乏最终根据”的危机之中，道德直觉的缺失实际上源于最高的伦理原则——如自由、人权、民主和正义等绝对的普遍价值的缺位和忽略；从灵魂深处启发、唤醒国民的自由民主意识和愿望，构建尊人和自尊的人文环境，乃是生命伦理学的必然诉求。     

Clinicopathologic features and clinical outcomes of intravenous leiomyomatosis of the uterus: A case series

Rationale:Intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL) is a rare and special type of smooth muscle tumor originating in the uterus. It is classified as a benign disease according to its histological features but shows the behavioral characteristics of a malignant tumor. It is easily misdiagnosed and recurrent. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyze clinicopathological data of 25 cases of IVL in order to enhance clinicians’ understanding of this rare disease.Patient concerns:We screened and identified 25 cases of IVL at our hospital from October 2013 to January 2020. Five patients had tumors.Diagnoses:The diagnosis in each case was pathologically confirmed after surgical treatment.Interventions:All patients were managed surgically. Although the surgical procedures were different, the surgical approach was geared towards achieving complete excision. Three patients received hormonal therapy with gonadotropinreleasing hormone agonists after surgery.Outcomes:We retrospectively reviewed all medical records and analyzed the clinicopathologic features and clinical outcomes of this disease as well as the correlations between the clinical features and risk of recurrence. Neither the symptoms nor the preoperative imaging results were suggestive of IVL in any of the cases. Except for two patients who were lost to follow-up, twenty-three patients who were followed up are still alive. Three patients experienced a recurrence.Lessons:The clinical manifestations and ultrasound images of IVL in the early stages are not typical; thus, IVL is easily misdiagnosed as uterine leiomyoma. Radiologists, pathologists, and surgeons should have a thorough understanding of IVL and a high index of vigilance for IVL in clinical practice. Surgery should always be aimed at achieving complete tumor excision. Patients with large lesions (≥7 cm) and lesions extending to the broad ligament may have an increased risk of recurrence. Early detection, diagnosis, and treatment are very important; once the diagnosis is confirmed, regular follow-ups are crucial.