Risk factors of abuse of parents by their ADHD children

It is interesting that there is scant research of abuse of parents by their children and no study was found on the abuse of parents by their attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children. Seventy-four children and adolescents suffering from ADHD and their parents were interviewed. The diagnoses were made according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. A questionnaire was developed to assess the children’s abuse toward parents. More than half of the parents are suffering from at least one of the forms of abuse by their ADHD children. Scores of parental abuse were not related to gender. Different types of abuse correlated with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), tic, and separation anxiety disorder (SAD). Fathers’ and mothers’ age, the level of education, and type of occupation were not risk factors of the abuse scores. ODD and mother’s major depressive disorder were predictors of the abuse. There was a very disturbing high rate of abuse by children against parents. There is an interrelation of different forms of abuse. This study contributes to increasing awareness on the abuse of parents by their ADHD children.     

Inhibition of corneal angiogenesis by ascorbic acid in the rat model

Purpose To evaluate the effect of topically administered ascorbic acid on experimentally induced corneal neovascularization in the rat model. Materials and methods Corneal chemical cauterization of 72 eyes in Long-Evans male rats was performed using silver nitrate/potassium nitrate sticks. Nine groups of eight eyes were used to evaluate eight concentrations of ascorbic acid with one group of eight eyes serving as a control. Topical instillation of 100 mg/ml non-pH-neutralized ascorbic acid was performed in one group while the remaining seven groups were evaluated using pH-neutralized ascorbic acid in concentrations of 100 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml, 1 mg/ml, 500 μg/ml, and 250 μg/ml. Results The percentage of corneal neovascularization and burn stimulus score was determined for all the eyes. The means of percent of corneal neovascularization in ascorbic acid 100 mg/ml (non-neutralized), 100 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml, 1 mg/ml, 500 μg/ml, 250 μg/ml, and control group were 17.50 ± 12.80 (p = 0.001), 17.00 ± 19.30 (p = 0.001), 15.25 ± 13.26 (p = 0.001), 17.62 ± 11.89 (p = 0.001), 28.87 ± 23.08 (p = 0.001), 29.62 ± 16.91 (p = 0.001), 60.12 ± 8.50 (p = 0.04), 65.62 ± 2.26 (p = 0.185), and 68.25 ± 4.06, respectively (Tables 1 and 2). All animals had a burn score of 2+ or higher (Table 1). Conclusion Ascorbic acid applied in a topical solution appears to inhibit corneal neovascularization in the rat model of inflammatory neovascularization in concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. The optimal dose-effect relation was in our model found in concentrations between 1 mg and 500 μg/ml. At concentrations below 500 μg/ml there was no statistically significant inhibition in the degree of corneal neovascularization compared to control. None of the authors has any proprietary interest in any technique or product described herein.     

Intraocular biodistribution of mono-L-aspartyl chlorin e6 in a primate choroidal neovascularization model.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To describe the biodistribution of a hydrophilic sensitizer, mono-L-aspartyl chlorin e6 (NPe6), in a primate model of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). MATERIALS AND METHODS: NPe6 (25 mg/kg) and indocyanine green (ICG, 15 mg/kg) were intravenously administered simultaneously in monkeys with laser-induced CNVs. Eyes were enucleated and examined by fluorescence microscopy immediately, 20 minutes, and 1, 4, and 24 hours after dye injection. RESULTS: Fluorescence peaked in retinal vessels immediately after dye administration; rapid washout began 1 hour postinjection. In contrast, experimental CNV demonstrated little fluorescence immediately after injection, with increased intensity at later time points. Peak dye fluorescence in CNV occurred 1 hour following dye injection. NPe6 fluorescence diminished rapidly and washed out completely by 24 hours. The dye accumulation and retention pattern of ICG dye resembled that of NPe6. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated the selective accumulation of NPe6 photosensitizer and ICG dye within experimental CNV and rapid clearance from the circulation and retinochoroidal tissue.     

提高大鼠心肌梗死后心力衰竭模型存活率的实验研究

目的建立大鼠心肌梗死后心力衰竭模型,并进行评估,以提高存活率和成功率。方法分批对70只SD大鼠行冠状动脉左前降支结扎术,同时设15只假手术组,并计算死亡率。于4周时行血流动力学检查,检测心率(HR)、左心室舒张末压(LVEDP)、左室压力最大上升速率(+dp/dtmax)以及左室压力最大下降速率(-dp/dtmax)。结果4周时模型组HR、+dp/dtmax和-dp/dtmax绝对值均低于假手术组(P<0.05),LVEDP则高于假手术组(P<0.05)。随着手术大鼠例数增多,存活率得到提高(P<0.05)。结论心肌梗死后4周形成心力衰竭模型,通过经口气管插管法、选择结扎冠状动脉分支末梢部位、增加手术操作熟练程度,可提高动物存活率。     

26万女性队列人群中乳腺癌与人工流产关系的研究（上海）

目的：评估人工流产（指手术流产）对乳腺癌危险性的可能影响。方法：研究在上海267040例妇女的一项乳房自我检查随机试验的队列人群中进行，由队列研究和巢式病例对照研究两部分组成。结果：依据基线调查表采集的资料分析，人工流产不增加乳腺癌危险性。调整潜在的混淆因素后，OR=1．06（95％CI：0．91～1．25）。人工流产次数增加无危险性趋势增加。从更详细的652例乳腺癌病例和694例对照资料分析，得出相似的结果。人工流产发生在首次生育后不增加危险性；少数妇女在首次生育前人工流产以及妊娠13周后人工流产，虽然被观察到危险性有增加，但无显著性统计学意义。结论：在中国，人工流产不是乳腺癌发生的重要原因。     

开设综合性生理学实验课的实践与体会

生理学探索性、综合性实验有利于提高学生的系统综合和创新能力，为此，根据实验室现有条件，我们对传统实验教学进行改革，设计成为探索性综合性实验并在七年制学生中开展。该实验既与课本知识紧密结合，又与临床密切相关。实践证明，该实验使学生系统性掌握生理学知识的同时为他们临床分析解决问题奠定了基础。     

止痛消痔膏治疗痔疮临床观察

目的：探讨止痛消痔膏对痔疮的临床治疗效果。方法：采用完全随机的方法,将110例受试对象分配到治疗组（60例）和对照组（50例）。治疗组采用止痛消痔膏,对照组采用马应龙痔疮膏。根据疗效标准判断疗效。结果：治疗组60例患者中,有效率为99.99%,对照组50例患者中,有效率达78%。结论：止痛消痔膏治疗湿热性痔病疗效肯定。     

Remission following an elemental diet or prednisolone in Crohn's disease

The short- and long-term effects of an elemental diet in children with acute Crohn's disease were compared with those of prednisolone in historical controls. Clinical remission was induced in 25 of 30 and in 18 of 28 episodes treated for six weeks with an elemental diet and prednisolone. Patients with proximal disease had longer remission after treatment with an elemental diet (p < 0.05) than did patients with colonic disease after treatment with prednisolone (p < 0.01). Disease activity index score improved in both groups compared with the pretreatment scores (p < 0.05). However, the improvement in the elemental diet group was significantly better than in the prednisolone group (p < 0.001). Changes in linear growth were better after treatment with an elemental diet compared with steroids (p < 0.001). Serum albumin and haematocrit concentrations all improved significantly in the children treated with an elemental diet (p < 0.001) but not in those treated with steroids. Thus an elemental diet was better than prednisolone in proximal disease and confirmed improved growth and nutritional status.     

Effect of squalamine on iris neovascularization in monkeys

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of squalamine, an antiangiogenic aminosterol, in an experimental model of iris neovascularization. METHODS: Iris neovascularization was created in cynomolgus monkeys by occluding retinal veins with an argon laser and inducing persistent hypotony with a central corneal suture. Twenty-four eyes were treated in three groups. In Group 1, four eyes were injected intravitreally with 3 microg/0.1 mL squalamine and four eyes with balanced saline solution (controls) immediately after vein occlusion (day 1); injections were repeated every 3 days for 3 weeks. In Group 2, 1 mg/kg squalamine was administered with intravenous infusion in dextrose 5% in four animals; four control animals received only dextrose. Infusions began on day 1 and were repeated every 3 days for 3 weeks. In Group 3, after development of iris neovascularization on day 7, 1 mg/kg squalamine was injected systemically in four animals; four control animals received dextrose 5%. Monkeys were examined by slit-lamp biomicroscopy and underwent color photography and fluorescein angiography. RESULTS: Group 1: All eyes, treated and control, developed intense and persistent rubeosis iridis. Group 2: Two of the four treated eyes in this group developed minimal iris neovascularization; the other two had no iris neovascularization. All four control eyes developed intense, persistent iris neovascularization. Group 3: All eyes developed extensive rubeosis iridis; iris neovascularization regressed in all four treated eyes after squalamine injections. Two of four treated eyes retained minimal iris neovascularization; two showed complete regression of rubeosis iridis. Rubeosis iridis completely regressed in two of the four control eyes; the remaining two control eyes had intense, persistent iris neovascularization. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreally injected squalamine did not affect the development of iris neovascularization; however, systemic squalamine injection inhibited the development of iris neovascularization and caused partial regression of new vessels in a primate model.     

Ocular toxicity of intravitreal tacrolimus

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To investigate the ocular toxicity of intravitreally administered tacrolimus, a drug with potent immunosuppressive activity. METHODS: To evaluate toxicity, tacrolimus was injected into the midvitreous cavity of 20 eyes of New Zealand pigmented rabbits at concentrations of 10, 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 microg. Control eyes received balanced salt solution. Eyes receiving 1000 microg were given injections of 0.2 mL solution; all others, including controls, received 0.1 mL. Rabbits were examined before the injections by slit-lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, and an electroretinography test (ERG) was performed. The animals were followed up to 14 days postinjection by clinical examination and ERG. The animals were killed and the eyes were enucleated and processed for light microscopy. RESULTS: No evidence of a retinal toxic reaction was seen in the eyes receiving 10 or 50 microg of tacrolimus. One out of 4 eyes that received 100 microg of the drug developed a vitreous reaction. All eyes treated with 250 microg or more developed vitreous reaction. One eye injected with 1000 microg of the drug developed occlusion of the temporal retinal vessels. Electroretinography showed decreasing b-wave amplitude with both dark- and light-adapted stimulus in the 500 and 1000 microg groups, and it was normal in the other groups. Histopathologic sections showed mild disorganization of the retina only at the 500 and 1000 microg dosage. CONCLUSIONS: Doses of 10 and 50 microg of tacrolimus are nontoxic to rabbit eyes. Only transient vitreous opacities were observed in the groups that received 100 and 250 microg. Intravitreal doses of 500 and 1000 microg of tacrolimus proved to be toxic to the retina.