北京、广州、上海城市居民营养知识、态度、行为的调查

对北京、广州和上海三大城市随机抽取的９６５名年龄在２０～５０岁的城市居民进行有关营养知识、态度和行为（Ｋ－Ａ－Ｐ）的调查。结果显示，三地区调查对象的营养知识水平不高。营养知识的得分与其自身受教育程度有相关性（ｒ＝０．３０１１，Ｐ＜０．０１）。年龄在３５岁以上的对象，营养知识的得分高于年轻人；三地区调查对象对营养知识的获取，合理的膳食模式，卫生的饮食习惯均持有积极、肯定的态度。食物消费频度调查结果表明，米／面、肉／禽、蔬菜、水果、奶及奶制品的消费量较高。此外，８９．５％，７８．８％和４７．８％的调查对象分别选择报纸、电视、广播作为其主要营养信息来源。本次调查为将来的营养宣教的内容和方法提供依据。     

部分蔬菜抑制抗肿瘤药物诱变性的筛选研究

Using mutational and anti-mutational synchronous in SOS inductest (+/- S9), We found that 7 out of 11 kinds of commonly eaten vegetables had the ability to inhibit mutagenicity caused by chemical drugs such as Mitomycin C, Bleomycinia, Fluorouracil, Cis-Diaminodichloroplatinum, Arabinosylcytosin and mustargen, They were garlic, green Chinese onion, onion, garlic bulb, tomato, cucumber and water radish. The other 4 lacking this ability were rape, chinese toon, ginger and asparagus lettuce stalk. We believe that our results can be helpful in the preparation. of cancer patients' diet, who are receiving chemotherapy and in the prevention of cancer.     

富氧气体防护下暴发性缺氧大鼠大脑超微病理变化

目的 从亚细胞水平观察大鼠在12 000m高度暴发性缺氧及富氧气体防护时大脑顶叶皮质组织超微结构变化，为高空暴发性缺氧的防护和治疗提供理论依据。方法 将24只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为地面对照组、3000m对照组、12000m暴发性缺氧组、12000m吸90％富氧气体防护组、12000m吸100％氧气防护组、12000m吸50％富氧气体防护组，每组4只。于低压舱内暴露于12000m高度30min，然后将动物即刻处死，取大脑顶叶皮质层组织，制成切片，透射电镜下观察。结果与地面对照组相比，随着吸氧浓度的降低，实验组缺氧程度加重，主要表现为脑组织神经细胞、神经胶质细胞结构模糊不清，核及胞质内线粒体、内质网扩张，突触小泡减少等，以12000m暴发性缺氧组及吸50％氧气防护组明显。结论 吸100％和吸90％富氧气体防护效果是理想的，与地面对照组和3000m对照组的结果无明显差别。     

移植肾破裂的处理

目的　提高移植肾破裂的防治水平。方法　 6例移植肾破裂 ,手术前 2例 ,手术后 4例。 2例术前供肾破裂 ,采用切开移植肾破裂处包膜 +裂口内明胶海绵填塞 +肠线修补 +肠线编织肾袋收缩保护移植肾。 1例术后移植肾破裂早期 ,出血少 ,针对顽固性高血压采用“硝普钠”降压 ,配合常规抗排斥药物。 3例术后移植肾破裂出血量估计超过 10 0 0ml者 ,采用手术延长移植肾破裂处包膜 +裂口内明胶海绵填塞 +肠线修补 +肠线编织肾袋收缩保护移植肾。结果　 ( 1)手术前 2例手术后 4例 ,采用切开或者延长移植肾破裂处包膜 +裂口内明胶海绵填塞 +肠线修补 +肠线编织肾袋收缩保护移植肾并配合“硝普钠”降压的方法处理 ,均未再破裂出血 ,移植肾功能恢复良好。 ( 2 ) 1例术后移植肾破裂早期的患者 ,针对顽固性高血压采用“硝普钠”降压 ,配合常规抗排斥药物 ,非手术治疗成功。结论　 ( 1)采用手术切开或延长移植肾破裂处包膜 +裂口内明胶海绵填塞 +肠线修补 +肠线编织肾袋收缩保护移植肾可以有效治疗移植肾破裂。 ( 2 )移植肾破裂出血少的情况下 ,可以在密切观察下非手术治疗     

前列腺癌去雄激素治疗不良反应的预防和处理

目的观察去雄激素治疗前列腺癌的不良反应,并探讨其预防和治疗。方法回顾性分析1998年7月-2006年1月112例去雄激素治疗晚期前列腺癌的临床资料。结果112例患者中,97例完成了不良反应的调查。随访3-36月,去雄激素治疗后潮热、性功能障碍、病理性骨折发生率分别为46％、75％、4％;患者潮热、精神疲乏、四肢乏力、纳差症状明显加重(P<0．05);性功能明显减退(P<0．05)。12例潮热症状严重者使用抗抑郁药博乐欣(25mg,tid)1-2周症状减轻。7例有骨转移性疼痛或严重骨质疏松患者,应用唑来膦酸4mg静脉滴注,每45d一次,骨痛症状缓解。结论去雄激素对前列腺癌患者生活质量有一定影响。博乐欣可减轻患者潮热症状,唑来膦酸可预防和治疗去雄激素相关的骨质疏松并发症。     

胰激肽原酶治疗糖尿病足38例疗效分析

目的 观察胰激肽原酶改善微循环干预治疗糖尿病足的疗效。方法 选择38例确诊为糖尿病足的患者，结合下肢血管多普勒超声显像、肌电图、血液流变学检测，确定疗效。结果 胰激肽原酶治疗后，肢体影色多普勒超声显像显示下肢血管血流明显加快(P＜0．01)；神经电生理异常均有不同程度改善；血液粘度明显下降(P＜0．01)；足部症状明显缓解。结论 胰激肽原酶是一种干预糖尿病足进展的有效药物。     

Reactivity of hydroxybenzoic acids in the hydrogen-isotope exchange reaction.

The hydrogen-isotope exchange reaction (T-for-H exchange reaction) between tritiated water vapor (HTO vapor) and 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid (and it's analog; 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid) were observed at 50 and 70 degrees C in a gas-solid system to reveal the reactivity of a functional group in an aromatic compound having two substituents in the aromatic ring. Further, it was shown that (a) the reactivity of the compounds used in this work follows the Hammett's rule, and (b) the reactivity of trisubstituted aromatic compound could be analyzed by applying the additive property of the Hammett's rule even if the compound contains a substituent at the ortho-position.     

关于课堂多媒体教学的思考

多媒体教学已成为课堂教学的一种常用手段，多媒体教学应从实际需要出发，以提高教学效果为目标；需要教师掌握多种计算机及多媒体知识技能，科学地进行教学设计；教学过程中应发挥多媒体的优势，注重师生交流。对此本文进行了探讨。     

Treatment of singultus following craniocerebral injury★ Intranasal cavity drip infusion versus intramuscular injection of aminazine

BACKGROUND: Craniocerebral injury always accompanies with singultus, while frequent singultus may cause increased intracranial pressure. Simultaneously, respiratory alkalosis and cerebral hypoxia induced by respiratory disorder may aggravate craniocerebral injury. OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effects of intranasal cavity drip infusion of aminazine and intramuscular injection on singultus following craniocerebral injury. DESIGN: Contrast observation. SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery, Xi'an Aerospace General Hospital. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 102 patients with singultus following craniocerebral injury were selected from the Department of Neurosurgery, Xi'an Aerospace General Hospital from June 2001 to June 2006. Patients with craniocerebral injury were diagnosed with CT examination and randomly divided into nasal cavity medication group (n =62) and intramuscular injection group (n =40). There were 44 males and 18 females in the nasal cavity medication group and their mean age was (33±4) years; while, there were 26 males and 14 females in the intramuscular injection group and their mean age was (29±4) years. All patients and their relatives provided the confirmed consent. METHODS: Patients in the nasal cavity medication group were slowly dripped aminazine solution into bilateral nasal cavity with the dosage of 12.5 mg (0.5 mL). Patients who had no obvious effect or had mild improvement received the treatment once every 6 hours. The treatment was stopped if symptoms were also observed after the fifth medication. In addition, patients in the intramuscular injection group received intramuscular injection of 50 mg aminazine. Patients who had no obvious effect or had mild improvement received the treatment once every 6 hours. The treatment was changed if symptoms were also observed after the fifth medication. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Therapeutic effects of different medications in the two groups. RESULTS: All 102 patients were involved in the final analysis. Effective rate in the nasal cavity medication group was higher than that in the intramuscular injection group, and there was significant difference (χ2= 11.882, P < 0.01). At 6 hours after onset of singultus, effective rate in the nasal cavity medication group was higher than that in the intramuscular injection group, and there was significant difference (χ2 =8.188, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Therapeutic effects of intranasal cavity drip infusion of aminazine on singultus following craniocerebral injury are superior to those of intramuscular injection.     

Innervation of the trapezius muscle: is cervical contribution important to its function?

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of the cervical plexus and the accessory nerve to the function of the trapezius muscle. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Eighteen adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. The neurotomies were performed in the left sides and the right sides served as within-subject controls. In group A, the accessory nerve was transected. The C2-5 were transected in group B, and both of the accessory nerve and C2-5 were cut in group C. The electrophysiologic, myophysiologic, and histologic changes of the muscles were measured. RESULTS: There were significant differences (P < 0.05) between the three groups in the recovery rates of the transverse area of the muscles. The CMAP recorded from the experimental sides in group B were similar to the control sides. The values of the maximum tension of the tetanus contraction between the two sides showed no differences either (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The accessory nerve supplies the most important motor input to the trapezius. Motor innervations of the cervical plexus are not very significant.