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Objective:Till date, several studies have compared angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in terms of delaying the progression of diabetic nephropathy. But the superiority of one drug class over the other remains unsettled. This study has retrospectively compared the effects of ACE inhibitors and ARBs in diabetic nephropathy. The study aims to compare ACE inhibitors and ARBs in terms of delaying or preventing the progression of diabetic nephropathy, association between blood pressure (B.P) and urinary albumin and also B.P and serum creatinine with ACE inhibitor and ARB, know the percentage of hyperkalemia in patients of diabetic nephropathy receiving ACE inhibitor or ARB.Results:The results reflect that ARBs (Losartan and Telmisartan) when compared to ACE inhibitor (Ramipril) are more effective in terms of delaying the progression of diabetic nephropathy and also in providing renoprotection. Also, ARBs have the property of simultaneously decreasing the systolic B.P and albuminuria when compared to ACE inhibitor (Ramipril).Conclusions:Angiotensin receptor blockers are more renoprotective than ACE inhibitors and also provide better cardioprotection.KEY WORDS: Angiotensin receptor blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, diabetes, diabetic nephropathy 相似文献
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Ezaldeen Adhamash Rajesh Pathak Qiquan Qiao Yue Zhou Robert McTaggart 《RSC advances》2020,10(50):29910
Biochar carbon YP-50 exposed to gamma radiation at 50 kGy, 100 kGy, and 150 kGy was used as an electrode for an electric double-layer capacitor. The gamma radiation affected the pore structure and pore volume of the biochar electrodes. The optimized surface morphology, pore structure, and pore volume of the biochar with an irradiation dose of 100 kGy showed outstanding specific capacitance of 246.2 F g−1 compared to the untreated biochar (115.3 F g−1). The irradiation dose of 100 kGy exhibited higher specific power and specific energy of 0.1 kW kg−1 and 34.2 W h kg−1 respectively, with a capacity retention of above 96% after 10 000 cycles at a current density of 2 A g−1. This improvement can be attributed to the decrease in average particle size, an increase in the porosity of biochar carbon. Besides, the charge transfer resistance of supercapacitor is significantly reduced from 21.7 Ω to 7.4 Ω after treating the biochar carbon with 100 kGy gamma radiation, which implies an increase in conductivity. This gamma radiation strategy to pretreat the carbon material for improving the properties of carbon materials can be promising for the development of high-performance supercapacitors for large-scale applications.(a) Schematic of the biochar carbon YP-50 exposed to gamma radiation. (b) Cyclic Voltammetry of supercapacitor with untreated biochar and biochar treated with 50 kGy, 100 kGy, and 150 kGy gamma-radiation. 相似文献
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Saikat Sen Raja Chakraborty Pratap Kalita Manash Pratim Pathak 《World Journal of Clinical Cases》2021,9(28):8327-8339
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections have posed a problematic healthcare situation worldwide since December 2019. Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While interacting with various other risk factors, high blood sugar was found to reduce immunity and increase the replication of SARS-CoV-2. Oxidative stress and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines are greater in diabetic individuals than in healthy people, worsening the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in diabetics. Increased expression of furin and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor in the hyperglycemic environment may promote the entry of SARS-CoV-2 in the host cell. COVID-19 infection primarily modulates immune and inflammatory responses, and may cause a cytokine storm, resulting in possible lethal outcomes in diabetics. An experimental report suggests that ACE expressed in the pancreas and the SARS-CoV-2 virus invariably destroy β-cells which contain ACE-2 receptors and results in acute diabetes. Moreover, COVID-19 also causes hyperglycemia in an individual with diabetes which may be related to insulin resistance and destruction of β-cells during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Early observations also suggest a correlation between oral hypoglycemic agents and the risk of COVID-19. This review focused on the possible cause and mechanism involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection in diabetics and the role of antidiabetic drugs in COVID-19. 相似文献
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Syma?Ashraf?WaizEmail author Mohammad?Raies-ul-Haq Hina?Ashraf?Waiz Suman?Gupta A.?K.?Pathak 《Comparative clinical pathology》2015,24(5):1063-1068
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a food additive with a wide range of biological effects but its high dose and prolonged use can cause a toxic effect on the liver. Therefore, the present study was aimed at investigating the role of vitamin C in MSG-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. MSG was administered to rats (by gavage) at a dose of 6 mg/g body weight for 10 days to induce hepatotoxicity, and vitamin C at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight was coadministered to evaluate its ameliorating effect by measuring alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities in serum; superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities in liver fraction; lipid peroxidation; and liver weight. It was found that MSG significantly (P?<?0.05) induced lipid peroxidation (LPO), increased liver weight, and increased activity of SOD and catalase in the liver of animals. The activity of ALT and AST was also increased in the serum on MSG administration. Vitamin C (500 mg/kg) coadministered with MSG significantly reduced LPO and liver weight and decreased the hepatic activity of catalase, but the activity of SOD was not reduced significantly. Also, a significant reduction in ALT and AST activity was observed. MSG induced oxidative stress and hepatic toxicity in the experimental animals at a dose of 6 mg/g body weight. Vitamin C significantly reduced the oxidative stress and hepatic toxicity induced by MSG, thereby providing a protective effect against the MSG-induced hepatotoxicity. The protective effect is associated with decreased LPO and liver weight and decreased activities of catalase, ALT, and AST. 相似文献
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Gabriela Vazquez-Benitez Jay R. Desai Stanley Xu Glenn K. Goodrich Emily B. Schroeder Gregory A. Nichols Jodi Segal Melissa G. Butler Andrew J. Karter John F. Steiner Katherine M. Newton Leo S. Morales Ram D. Pathak Abraham Thomas Kristi Reynolds H. Lester Kirchner Beth Waitzfelder Jennifer Elston Lafata Renuka Adibhatla Zhiyuan Xu Patrick J. O’Connor 《Diabetes care》2015,38(5):905-912
OBJECTIVEThe objective of this study was to assess the incidence of major cardiovascular (CV) hospitalization events and all-cause deaths among adults with diabetes with or without CV disease (CVD) associated with inadequately controlled glycated hemoglobin (A1C), high LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), high blood pressure (BP), and current smoking.RESULTSMean (SD) age at baseline was 59 (14) years; 48% of subjects were female, 45% were white, and 31% had CVD. Mean follow-up was 59 months. Event rates per 100 person-years for adults with diabetes and CVD versus those without CVD were 6.0 vs. 1.7 for MI/ACS, 5.3 vs. 1.5 for stroke, 8.4 vs. 1.2 for HF, 18.1 vs. 40 for all CV events, and 23.5 vs. 5.0 for all-cause mortality. The percentages of CV events and deaths associated with inadequate risk factor control were 11% and 3%, respectively, for those with CVD and 34% and 7%, respectively, for those without CVD.CONCLUSIONSAdditional attention to traditional CV risk factors could yield further substantive reductions in CV events and mortality in adults with diabetes. 相似文献