实验性肾炎中肾皮质内血小板活化因子的水平和可能来源

用大鼠复制加速型抗肾小球基底膜肾炎模型，分为４组：肾毒血清对照组，肾毒血清＋眼镜蛇毒因子组，肾毒血清＋羊抗大鼠血小板血清组，肾毒血清＋全身γ线辐射组。各组大鼠在注射兔抗大鼠ＧＢＭ血清后２４ｈ末处死，结果肾毒血清对照组大鼠肾皮质内ＰＡＦ含量显著升高，而耗尽被 体的肾毒血清＋ＣＶＦ组、耗尽血小板的肾毒血清＋ＡＰＳ组和耗尽血白细胞的肾毒血清＋ＴγＩ组大鼠肾皮质内ＰＡＦ含量低于肾毒血清对照组，正常大鼠肾皮     

应用PCR-酶切法进行脊肌萎缩症基因诊断

目的探讨脊肌萎缩症(SMA)的基因诊断方法.方法基于运动神经元生存基因(SMN)的两个同源拷贝碱基上的差异,应用PCR-酶切分析法对10例临床和病理诊断为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型SMA的患者及其直系亲属16人、25例正常对照进行SMN基因检测.结果 10例SMA患者中9例患者缺失SMN第7、8号外显子,1例患者仅缺失第7号外显子;正常对照组及患者亲属均未发现外显子缺失.结论 PCR-酶切检测SMN基因第7号、8号外显子缺失是诊断儿童型脊肌萎缩症可靠的基因诊断方法.     

Ex vivo stimulation of cord blood mononuclear cells by dexamethasone and interleukin-7 results in the maturation of interferon-gamma-secreting effector memory T cells

The effects of dexamethasone phosphate and interleukin‐7 upon the proliferation of T‐cells and the production of interferon‐γ in the newborn's cord blood mononuclear cell cultures were studied. The capability of dexamethasone to enhance T‐cell proliferation induced by anti‐CD3 with interleukin‐7 in some newborn cord blood mononuclear cell cultures was identified. Dexamethasone suppressed production of interferon‐γ in 68‐h cell cultures stimulated with anti‐CD3 both in the presence of interleukin‐7 and without it. However, a 68‐h cultivation of newborn blood cells with dexamethasone, anti‐CD3 and interleukin‐7 resulted in the accumulation of T‐lymphocytes capable of producing interferon‐γ after restimulation. As a result of it the amount of interferon‐γ producing CD7⁺ T‐cells and the concentration of interferon‐γ in cultural supernatants were maximal in the cell cultures incubated with anti‐CD3, interleukin‐7 and dexamethasone during the first 68 h and subsequently restimulated with phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate and ionomycin. The stimulation of neonatal or adult blood cells by dexamethasone, anti‐CD3 and interleukine‐7 also causes a decrease in the number of naïve T‐cells and central memory cells and an increase in the number of effector memory CD7⁺CD45RA⁺CD62L^– cells in cultures. It is possible that these effects are caused by the influence of dexamethasone on IL‐7 receptor expression: it is known that IL‐7 receptor alpha‐chain gene is a glucocorticoid‐inducible gene.     

肩锁关节及关节盘的相关解剖学特征

背景:目前临床上多数认为,肩部疾病如肩锁关节脱位、肩峰下撞击综合征等与肩锁关节的解剖形态有很大的关系,但国内外文献很少有关于肩锁关节的形态学数据支持,特别对于肩锁关节关节盘的解剖学研究。同时肩锁关节属于微动关节,参与肩关节的联合运动,现临床上有关肩锁关节脱位的手术方式繁多,较流行的手术方式多为刚性固定,并未保留其微动特点以及锁骨和肩胛骨的运动特点,其中关节盘的取舍目前国内外并无大样本多中心对照研究。目的:对肩锁关节及关节盘行相关解剖学研究,用于更好地指导肩部疾病的诊治。方法:对58具肩锁关节尸体标本(同济大学解剖教研室提供)进行形态学及组织结构研究,共获得58个肩峰、58个锁骨和36个关节盘(包括完全型和不完全型)。采用BIGLIANI肩峰形态分型、DEPALMA锁骨形态分型、EMURA肩锁关节盘分型,获得各肩峰与锁骨组合下关节盘出现的频率并行苏木精-伊红染色(上海市普陀区人民医院提供)。结果与结论:①在58个肩锁关节尸体中,肩锁关节盘type1型共15例,所占比例最高,为25.9%;type3a型共4例,所占比例最少,为6.9%。②Ⅰ型肩峰32个,所占比例最高,为55.2%;Ⅲ型肩峰3个,所占比例最低,为5.2%。③Ⅰ型锁骨27个,所占比例最高,为46.6%;Ⅲ型锁骨9个,所占比例最低,为15.5%。④以Ⅰ型及Ⅱ型肩峰与Ⅰ型锁骨组合所占比例较大,分别为24.1%和22.4%,以Ⅲ型肩峰对Ⅰ型锁骨所占比例最小,为0%。⑤而在Ⅰ型肩峰与Ⅰ型锁骨组合下type1型和type2b型关节盘所占比例最大,分别为35.7%和28.6%;Ⅱ型肩峰与Ⅰ型锁骨组合下type2a型和type1型关节盘所占比例最大,分别为38.5%和23.1%。⑥苏木精-伊红染色在组织切片中可以发现,关节盘中的细胞外基质清晰可辨,细胞形态饱满,含有丰富的细胞质,提示为软骨细胞,即形成纤维软骨的主要成分。此外,从关节囊顶端和底端两侧可见部分骨膜纤维层移行至关节盘内侧,考虑共同组成关节盘结构,即关节盘由近骨面的软骨细胞及远离骨面的纤维层共同构成。     

肝癌特异性超抗原SEA(D227A)基因表达载体的构建与表达

目的：构建受AFP顺式作用元件调控的超抗原表达载体，将SEA(D227A)特异性的表达于AFP阳性肝癌细胞膜表面。方法：PCR扩增AFP基因启动子、增强子、linker—CD80tm和SEA(D227A)。将上述片断插入逆转录病毒载体pLXSN的多克隆位点，构建AFP基因顺式作用元件调控的肝癌特异性减毒超抗原表达载体(pLXSN SEA(D227A)—linker—CD80tm)。通过脂质体介导，以表达载体转染表达或不表达AFP的肿瘤细胞系，用RT—PCR和间接免疫荧光染色，检测SEA的表达。结果：成功地将AFP基因的启动子、增强子、linker—CD80tm和SEA(D227A)克隆到逆转录病毒载体pLXSN的多克隆位点，酶切鉴定和DNA序列分析无误，RT—PCR和间接免疫荧光法检测证实，SEA(D227A)能在AFP阳性的肝癌细胞膜特异性表达。结论：AFP顺式作用元件修饰的超抗原表达载体的构建，为下一步用其强化肝癌的免疫治疗奠定了基础。     

复杂胸椎骨折中CT图像三维重建的应用探讨

目的直观立体地显示复杂胸椎骨折的图像，探讨螺旋CT医学图像三维重建在复杂胸椎骨折诊断中的价值及其对手术的指导意义。方法对92例胸椎骨折患者采用螺旋CT进行薄层扫描和三维重建进行诊断。CT扫描全部采用Siemens SOMATOM Sensation16型多排高速螺旋CT机，1．0mm层厚。扫猫所得断层资料通过网络传送至计算机工作站进行处理，采用Window．NT3．51平台上Insisht三维重建软件进行三维重建。结果三维CT图像能够围绕X轴和Z轴任意旋转、切割以从不同角度观察，能够清晰显示复杂的胸椎骨折和狭窄椎管的解剖形态特点。结论三维CT重建在胸椎骨折方面具有很大的临床应用价值，有助于提高脊柱骨折手术的安全性和精确性并对患者预后的估计提供帮助。     

中国东部汉族人群原发性胆汁性肝硬化与HLA-DRB1相关性分析

目的：探讨组织相容性抗原Ⅱ类HLA—DRB1等位基因与原发性肝汁性肝硬化（Primary biliary cirrhosis，PBC）患者人群的相关性。方法：采用序列特异性引物PCR（SSP．PCR）对105例确诊PBC患者，400例健康人群进行HLA-DRB1等位基因及相关亚型基因分析。结果：PBC患者组DRB1＊07的频率为37．26％，与正常人组的13．8％相比存在显著性差异（P〈0．05，比数比为2．7），所有阳性患者经亚型分析均为DRB1＊0701；其余DRB1的等位基因频率与正常对照组比较无显著性差异。DRB1＊0701阳性与阴性患者群体的疾病进程、临床指征、实验室指征等无显著性差异。绪论：中国人群PBC患者可能与DRB1＊0701易感性相关，为临床治疗提供了一定线索。     

On-line respiratory artefact removal via adaptive FIR filters in rheopneumographic measurement

Impedance rheopneumography is a simple non-invasive technique that can reflect the vascular condition in the human pulmonary circulatory system. However, the much larger and almost in-banding respiratory artefact present has greatly restricted its usefulness to only respiratory patients of a less severe type, in view of the existing practice of requiring the subject to stop breathing momentarily during measurement. Conventional fixed or adaptive filtering cannot satisfactorily remove the artefact in view of the non-time stationary characteristic of the latter. In the paper, a fast adaptive FIR filter design method, which is based on the filter coefficient look-up table (CLT) concept, is presented as a solution. The CLT is constructed with the coefficients indexed to the cut-off frequency to separate the two components of the plethysmogram. An on-line fast Fourier transform is calculated to track the cut-off frequency. This filter can adaptively change its coefficients, not only for different subjects, but also for the same subject during long-term monitoring. Results show that this filter design is capable of providing an almost respiratory artefact-free signal for a majority of patients. The high speed of implementation also renders it a possibility for real-time monitoring applications.     

巢蛋白和阶段特异性胚胎抗原-1在大鼠2型星形胶质细胞中的表达

目的 观察1型和2型星形胶质细胞(T1A、T2A)是否表达神经干细胞的标志物、是否具有神经干细胞的特性.方法 取新生大鼠脑皮质,体外培养纯化的O-2A祖细胞、T1A和T2A,应用激光共焦双重免疫荧光标记技术检测巢蛋白和阶段特异性胚胎抗原-1(SSEA-1)的表达;观察O-2A祖细胞、 T1A和T2A在碱性成纤维生长因子(bFGF)和表皮生长因子(EGF)的培养液中生长方式的改变.结果 巢蛋白在O-2A祖细胞和T2A中表达,T1A不表达;SSEA-1仅在T2A中表达.在干细胞培养基中培养10d,T2A形成能增殖和连续传代的细胞球,细胞球巢蛋白标记阳性,贴壁后分化细胞具有神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞样形态;但相同培养条件下的O-2A祖细胞和T1A生长方式无改变.结论 巢蛋白和SSEA-1在两型星形胶质细胞中的表达存在差异,T2A具有神经干细胞的某些生物学特性.     

Three dinucleotide repeat polymorphisms at the D8S1217, D8S1220, and D8S1221 loci

Three polymorphic dinucleotide (CA) repeat clones were isolated from a CEPH mega-YAC clone (936F7), and were localized to chromosome 8 using a panel of 13 mouse/human somatic cell hybrids.