全文获取类型
收费全文 | 34233篇 |
免费 | 3363篇 |
国内免费 | 2374篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 279篇 |
儿科学 | 500篇 |
妇产科学 | 387篇 |
基础医学 | 3688篇 |
口腔科学 | 718篇 |
临床医学 | 4492篇 |
内科学 | 5100篇 |
皮肤病学 | 324篇 |
神经病学 | 1366篇 |
特种医学 | 1148篇 |
外国民族医学 | 15篇 |
外科学 | 3612篇 |
综合类 | 6060篇 |
现状与发展 | 7篇 |
一般理论 | 2篇 |
预防医学 | 2390篇 |
眼科学 | 1017篇 |
药学 | 3922篇 |
22篇 | |
中国医学 | 2103篇 |
肿瘤学 | 2818篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 128篇 |
2023年 | 554篇 |
2022年 | 1296篇 |
2021年 | 1905篇 |
2020年 | 1474篇 |
2019年 | 1194篇 |
2018年 | 1252篇 |
2017年 | 1213篇 |
2016年 | 1103篇 |
2015年 | 1691篇 |
2014年 | 2100篇 |
2013年 | 1962篇 |
2012年 | 2751篇 |
2011年 | 2888篇 |
2010年 | 1989篇 |
2009年 | 1608篇 |
2008年 | 1950篇 |
2007年 | 1832篇 |
2006年 | 1760篇 |
2005年 | 1410篇 |
2004年 | 1108篇 |
2003年 | 943篇 |
2002年 | 818篇 |
2001年 | 670篇 |
2000年 | 648篇 |
1999年 | 637篇 |
1998年 | 421篇 |
1997年 | 402篇 |
1996年 | 353篇 |
1995年 | 334篇 |
1994年 | 301篇 |
1993年 | 173篇 |
1992年 | 210篇 |
1991年 | 160篇 |
1990年 | 123篇 |
1989年 | 108篇 |
1988年 | 116篇 |
1987年 | 112篇 |
1986年 | 93篇 |
1985年 | 70篇 |
1984年 | 28篇 |
1983年 | 25篇 |
1982年 | 12篇 |
1981年 | 16篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 11篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1963年 | 1篇 |
1962年 | 1篇 |
1961年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
101.
微创手术治疗高血压脑出血 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
目的 探讨微创手术治疗高血压脑出血的临床疗效。方法 132例高血压脑出血分成微创手术组(68例)和传统开颅手术组(64例),分析两组手术的特点和手术时机,比较两组手术治疗的疗效。结果 微创组术后GOS良好23例、中残24例、重残9例、植物生存3例、死亡9例;传统组术GOS良好16例、中残15例、重残12例、植物生存6例、死亡15例。两组超早期或早期手术均有良好的预后,而微创组效果更佳。结论 微创手术治疗高血压脑出血能明显提高临床疗效,降低病死率。 相似文献
102.
后腹腔镜手术在泌尿外科的应用 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
目的 探讨后腹腔镜手术治疗泌尿系疾病的方法及疗效。方法 采用后腹腔镜手术治疗泌尿系疾病3 5例 ,其中肾上腺肿瘤及肾上腺囊肿切除 13例 ,肾囊肿去顶术 15例 ,精索静脉曲张高位结扎术 4例 ,UPJ成形术 1例 ,乳糜尿行肾蒂淋巴管结扎术 1例 ,肾切除 1例。结果 3 5例手术全部成功。手术时间 3 0~ 13 0分钟 ,术中平均出血 2 0ml。术后住院时间 1.5~ 14天 ,平均 4.5天。结论 腹腔镜手术治疗泌尿系疾病 ,具有损伤小 ,住院时间短 ,恢复快 ,并发症少等优点 ,值得临床推广应用 相似文献
103.
BACKGROUND: At present, researches on differentiating from human adipose-derived adult stromal cells (hADASC) to neuron-like cells are focus on inducing by artificial-synthetic compound solution; however, hippocampal astrocyte conditioned medium (HCAM) can induce in vitro differentiation from hADASC to neuron-like cells is still unclear.
OBJECTIVE: To observe whether HCAM can induce in vitro differentiation from hADASC to neuron-like cells.
DESIGN: Randomized control study.
SETTING: Department of Neurology, Taixing People's Hospital; Central Laboratory, North China Coal Medical College.
MATERIALS: Donor of adipose tissue was donated by female volunteers suffering from caesarean section in the department of obstetrics & gynecology in our hospital and aged 20-35 years. Adipose tissue was collected from subcutaneous tissue of abdomen during the operation. In addition, 8 male newborn Wistar rats within 24 hours with average body mass of 20 g were provided by Animal Institute of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Rabbit-anti-human Nestin polyclonal antibody, rabbit-anti-human glial fibriliary acidic protein (GFAP) polyclonal antibody, rabbit-anti-human neuro-specific enolase polyclonal antibody and mouse-anti-human microtubal associated protein 2 (MAP-2) polyclonal antibody were provided by Wuhan Boster Company.
METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Central Laboratory of North China Coal Medical College from October 2004 to June 2005. hADASC was cultured with HCAM and its growth and morphological changes were observed under inverted phase contrast microscope. Immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence and Western blotting were used to evaluate the expressions of Nestin, which was a specific sign of nerve precursor, neuro-specific enolase and MAP-2, which was a specific sign of nerve cell, and GFAP, which was a specific sign of neuroglial cells.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Nestin, which was a specific sign of nerve precursor, neuro-specific enolase and MAP-2, which was a specific sign of nerve cell, and GFAP, which was a specific sign of neuroglial cells.
RESULTS: On the 3rd day of culture, partial hADASC started deformation from slender shuttle-shape cells to neuron-like cells. It suggested that cells stretched out apophysis, which were mainly double-pole or multiple-pole cells. Five days later, immunohistochemical detection suggested that expression of Nestin (10.5±0.037) was found out in cells; meanwhile, expressions of GFAP (38.4±0.052) and neuro-specific enolase (NSE) (15.7±0.023) were also found out in cells; however, expression of MAP-2 was not observed. Western blot indicated that, 5 days after effect of HCAM, Nestin was found out in hADASC; meanwhile, expressions of GFAP and neuro-specific enolase were also found out; however, expression of MAP-2 was not observed.
CONCLUSION: HCAM can induce the differentiation from hADASC to neuron-like cells in vitro. 相似文献
104.
S Lalith Talagala Frank Q Ye Patrick J Ledden Scott Chesnick 《Magnetic resonance in medicine》2004,52(1):131-140
A variety of continuous and pulsed arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion MRI techniques have been demonstrated in recent years. One of the reasons these methods are still not routinely used is the limited extent of the imaging region. Of the ASL methods proposed to date, continuous ASL (CASL) with a separate labeling coil is particularly attractive for whole-brain studies at high fields. This approach can provide an increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in perfusion images because there are no magnetization transfer (MT) effects, and lessen concerns regarding RF power deposition at high field because it uses a local labeling coil. In this work, we demonstrate CASL whole-brain quantitative perfusion imaging at 3.0 T using a combination of strategies: 3D volume acquisition, background tissue signal suppression, and a separate labeling coil. The results show that this approach can be used to acquire perfusion images in all brain regions with good sensitivity. Further, it is shown that the method can be performed safely on humans without exceeding the current RF power deposition limits. The current method can be extended to higher fields, and further improved by the use of multiple receiver coils and parallel imaging techniques to reduce scan time or provide increased resolution. 相似文献
105.
Effects of human amniotic fluid on cartilage regeneration from free perichondrial grafts in rabbits.
Güzin Ye?im Ozgenel Gülaydan Filiz Mesut Ozcan 《British journal of plastic surgery》2004,57(5):423-428
After the chondrogenic potential of free grafts of perichondrium was shown in several experimental studies, perichondrium has been used to reconstruct cartilage tissue in various clinical situations. This study investigates the effects of human amniotic fluid on neochondrogenesis from free perichondrial grafts in a rabbit model. Since this fluid contains high concentrations of hyaluronic acid, hyaluronic acid-stimulating activator, growth factors, and extracellular matrix precursors during the second trimester, it may have a stimulating effect on neochondrogenesis. Perichondrial grafts, measuring 20 x 20 mm2 were obtained from the ears of 144 New Zealand young rabbits and were sutured over the paravertebral muscles. The rabbits were randomly divided into three groups with 48 rabbits per group. In group 1, 0.3 ml human amniotic fluid, and in group 2, 0.3 ml saline were injected underneath the perichondrial grafts. Group 3 formed the control group in which no treatment was given. Histologically, neochondrogenesis was evaluated in terms of cellular form and graft thickness at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after surgery. In group 1, the mature cartilage was generated quickly and the cartilage plate in this group was significantly thick and extensive when compared with groups 2 and 3 at 8 weeks ( p<0.05 ANOVA). In conclusion, our study shows that human amniotic fluid enhances neochondrogenesis from free perichondrial grafts. The rich content of hyaluronic acid and growth factors possibly participate in this result. 相似文献
106.
目的对不同体重老年腰椎管狭窄患者行单纯腰椎后路开窗减压手术,并评价其治疗效果。方法回顾性分析1996年12月~2002年12月间145例因老年腰椎管狭窄而采用单纯腰椎后路开窗减压手术治疗患者的病例资料,结合问卷调查患者对手术的满意程度,比较不同体重患者住院期间及术后症状改善情况,评估手术疗效。结果不同体重患者术后腰腿疼痛明显缓解、日常生活质量改善,患者对手术的满意率达67.59%。而且患者的各种统计数据表明,不同体重组之间差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论体重在一定程度上影响老年腰椎管狭窄患者的手术治疗结果。单纯腰椎后路开窗减压手术,可以达到较为理想的治疗效果。 相似文献
107.
女性压力性尿失禁的微创治疗 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的探讨女性压力性尿失禁的发病机制和微创治疗方法。方法女性压力性尿失禁患者25例,经临床、尿动力学检查或膀胱尿道造影确诊,均为稳定性膀胱,无膀胱出口梗阻。采用无张力阴道吊带术(TVT),将吊带无张力置于尿道中段。结果手术时间平均(40±5)min;术中出血量平均(43±10)mL;术后平均留置导尿1.5 d;术后平均住院3 d。23例患者术后尿失禁症状均消失,其中2例患者术后出现尿潴留,留置导尿1周后好转,尿潴留症状消失,尿失禁未复发;2例尿失禁症状显著改善。结论TVT等微创术式因简单、微创、疗效好、并发症少等,目前是女性压力性尿失禁外科手术治疗的发展方向。 相似文献
108.
多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图及组织多普勒成像技术在诊断冠心病中的临床应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的探讨多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图(DSE)和组织多普勒成像技术(TDI)在冠心病(CHD)诊断中的应用价值,以寻求一种敏感的、无创的CHD诊断方法。方法选择胸闷或胸痛怀疑CHD患者40例,应用TDI测量静息状态(Rest)下前壁中段收缩峰值速度(Vs),以及多巴酚丁胺峰值负荷状态(Peak)下前壁中段Vs,同时测量静息心率和负荷心率;所有入选对象均进行冠脉造影,并根据左前降支狭窄程度是否大于等于50%分为左前降支狭窄组(LST组)与左前降支非狭窄组(non-LST组)。分别比较Rest和Peak前壁中段LST组与non-LST组平均Vs差别等。结果Rest前壁中段LST组与non-LST组Vs差别无显著性意义;但Peak前壁中段LST组与non-LST组差别有显著性意义。结论DSE结合TDI是诊断冠心病有价值的定量分析方法。DSE在诊断CHD时的敏感性、准确性明显优于静息状态超声心动图。 相似文献
109.
目的①观察安博维(厄贝沙坦)干预治疗后环孢素A(CsA)所致慢性肾毒性大鼠肾脏病理变化。②观察安博维对CsA慢性肾毒性大鼠模型肾骨桥蛋白(OPN)表达及间质ED1阳性巨噬细胞浸润的影响,以探讨安博维防护CsA慢性肾毒性的可能机制。方法给进低盐饮食SD大鼠灌胃20mg·(kg·d)-1剂量的CsA制作大鼠CsA肾毒模型,同时以10mg·(kg·d)-1剂量的安博维胃饲以预防肾毒性。于用药后第1、2、4周末时分别处死各组大鼠,免疫组织化学法测定OPN、ED1的表达,用HE染色观察肾脏病理变化。结果安博维能明显改善CsA肾中毒大鼠的一般情况,减少肾小管上皮细胞空泡变性和萎缩,减少间质炎细胞浸润及间质纤维化。免疫组化结果显示模型组肾小管-间质OPN与ED1表达较对照组增加(p<0.05);在试验各时间点,安博维组大鼠肾小管-间质ED-1阳性巨噬细胞数量及OPN表达较模型组显著减少(p<0.05);OPN仍高于对照组((p<0.05),ED-1阳性巨噬细胞数量在第1、2周末与对照组无差异(p>0.05),但在第4周末高于对照组(p<0.05)。结论安博维能减轻CsA慢性肾毒性的肾脏病理损伤,这一防治作用可能与其减少ED-1阳性巨噬细胞浸润及下调OPN表达有关。 相似文献
110.
The actions of capsaicin applied topically to the skin of the rat on C-fibre afferents, antidromic vasodilatation and substance P levels. 下载免费PDF全文
1. Single applications of solutions of capsaicin were made to the intact skin of anaesthetized rats and the effects on cutaneous blood flow and the firing of C-nociceptor afferents determined. Blood flow was measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry. C-fibre activity was recorded from filaments dissected from the saphenous nerve. 2. Following the application of a capsaicin solution (concentration > or = 1 mM) to rat saphenous skin, low frequency firing occurred in C-polymodal nociceptors that sometimes continued for > 10 min. At the some time, large increases in skin blood flow occurred exceeding 300% in some instances. 3. After the initial excitation, some C-polymodal nociceptors lost their sensitivity to pressure whilst their sensitivity to heat was lost or enhanced depending on the vehicle used. 4. Sensitivity of C-polymodal nociceptors to heat recovered in < 1 day following a single application of 33 mM capsaicin. Thresholds to mechanical pressure, however, were still significantly elevated by 123% on day 1, but had recovered on day 2. 5. Vasodilatation in response to saphenous nerve stimulation ('antidromic vasodilatation') was significantly reduced by 35%, 2 days after a single application of 33 mM capsaicin, but was normal at 4 days. 6. Following a single application of 33 mM capsaicin, skin substance P levels fell to only half the normal value at day 1 and remained at this level throughout the 4 day period examined. 7. It is suggested that the ability of relatively low concentrations of capsaicin to desensitize C-fibre nociceptors may underlie the analgesic action of topical capsaicin in man. 相似文献