选择性前路手术治疗胸腰段或腰段青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的参数分析

目的 探讨Lenke5、6型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)患者选择性前路手术的筛选指标.方法 回顾性分析我院1999年3月至2004年5月期间收治的52例Lenke5、6型AIS患者,随访2～4年(平均34个月),评估术前各相关参数.按术后结果 分成两组:满意组(胸弯减小)A组,不满意组(胸弯加重)B组.结果 A组(n=46)术前胸弯平均33°,术后平均18°,腰弯术前平均49°,术后平均21°.B组(n=6)术前胸弯平均38°,术后平均45°.腰弯术前平均46°,术后平均25°.B组患者中2例由于术后脊柱失平衡,进行了后路翻修术.结论 胸椎柔韧性和患者的成熟度决定了该方案外科手术的效果.在各种结构参数中,(TL/L:T)Cobb比率和胸椎柔韧性,是筛选患者的较好指标.     

急性胰腺炎大鼠TNF-α和IL-10mRNA的表达及其意义

目的:探讨急性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺组织中TNF-αmRNA和IL-10 mRNA的表达及其对疾病发展和转归的意义。方法:以牛磺胆酸钠制备大鼠急性水肿性胰腺炎(AEP)模型20只和急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)模型20只,另取10只正常大鼠作为对照。造模12h后各处死10只大鼠,检测血清和胰腺组织TNF-α和IL-10水平及其胰腺组织中的mRNA转录水平,并观察胰腺组织的病理变化。结果:正常组、AEP组和ANP组的血清TNF-α水平分别为126pg/ml、186pg/ml和337pg/ml,组织TNF-α水平分别为118pg/ml、210pg/ml和443pg/ml。正常大鼠血清和胰腺组织中无法检测到IL－10,而AEP和ANP组血清IL－10水平为660pg/ml和124pg/ml,组织IL－10水平为669pg/ml和202pg/ml。AEP大鼠组织中IL-10mRNA表达增强,ANP大鼠TNF-α mRNA表达增强。结论:AP大鼠胰腺组织中TNF-α和IL-10 mRNA的表达与其在血清和胰腺组织中的浓度成正比,而急性胰腺炎时胰腺本身可能就是产生细胞因子的主要器官。     

Amplatz血栓消融术治疗大块肺栓塞——附2例报告

目的 探讨Amplatz血栓消融器治疗大块肺栓塞(PE)的可行性。方法 对2例年轻男性经溶栓无效或贻误有效溶栓时机的大块PE患者行Amplatz血栓消融术。结果 术后肺血流灌注亚急性PE患者明显改善,慢性PE再发患者略有改善。前者PaQ2由术前53．8mmHg升至67．3mmHg,2个月后升至80．0mmHg。7个月后核素肺灌注显像大致正常。后者术中症状明显减轻,术后PaO2由66．4mmHg升至83．6mmHg。3个月后,肺动脉压由53．5mmHg降至24mmHg。仅1例术中轻微左侧胸痛。结论 对大块亚急性PE患者实施Amplatz血栓消融术技术上可行,但需进一步评价。     

半坐卧位和仰卧位对机械通气相关性肺炎影响的研究进展

综述了半坐卧位和仰卧位对机械通气相关性肺炎(VAP)影响的机制,比较两者相关研究的结果以及采用半坐卧位的现状.提出仰卧位是VAP的危险因素,但半坐卧位可预防VAP的理想的床头角度尚无明确答案,需进一步从依从性、伦理性和推广性获取最佳证据.     

双侧经寰枢关节螺钉及寰椎椎板钩内固定系统的三维有限元研究

目的 探讨双侧经寰枢关节螺钉及寰椎椎板钩内固定系统的生物力学性能.方法 健康男性志愿者,年龄28岁,身高172 cm ,体重60 kg ,X线检查排除枕颈部畸形;对志愿者进行枕骨底到第三颈椎(C0-3)薄层CT扫描,建立具有详细解剖结构的上颈椎(C0-3)有限元模型并验证其有效性.在寰枢椎不稳的上颈椎模型中模拟双侧经寰枢关节螺钉及寰椎椎板钩固定并进行三维有限元对比分析.结果 上颈椎三维非线性有限元模型的仿真性好,可以进行生物力学分析.双侧经寰枢关节螺钉及寰椎椎板钩内固定系统中螺钉在经过寰枢关节部位时应力最大,有良好的生物力学稳定性.结论 双侧经寰枢关节螺钉及寰椎椎板钩固定是一种实用、有效的寰枢椎融合方式.     

Use of nonabsorbable polymer ligaclip in hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy for living donor

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy for kidney transplantation is a technique that began in South America only recently. This procedure offers several advantages compared with open nephrectomy due to the minor pain, better cosmetic results, and shorter length of hospital stay. Herein we have described our experience with the use of nonabsorbable polymer ligaclip (NPL) to control the renal artery, vein, and ureter in hand-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (HALN). METHODS: We performed a review of 85 HALNs for renal transplantation at our institution between January 2004 and August 2007. We evaluated the preoperative characteristics of the donor, surgical parameters, and complications. RESULTS: Fifty six percent of donors were men. Mean donor age was 34.4 years (range = 18 to 60). Left-sided nephrectomy was performed in 85%. Mean surgical time was 132 minute (range = 90 to 240) and among the last 35 nephrectomies, 120 minute (range = 90 to 180). Mean warm ischemia time was 240 seconds (range = 120 to 420). Conversion rate was 1.1%. Mortality was one case (1.1%) secondary to an episode of massive pulmonary thromboembolism. Mean length of hospital stay was 2.5 days (range 2 to 5) and mean blood loss, 125 mL. No complication related to the NPL was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopy living donor nephrectomy was a safe procedure for kidney transplantation. The training and experience of the surgeon was reflected in shorter times of surgery. The NPL was safe and cost-effective, not increasing morbidity of the procedure.     

经乙状窦后入路显微手术治疗继发性三叉神经痛37例

目的探讨经乙状窦后入路显微手术治疗桥小脑角占位性病变引起的继发性三叉神经痛的疗效。方法回顾分析我院2000年10月～2006年7月37例继发性三叉神经痛的临床资料，其中胆脂瘤18例，脑膜瘤8例，听神经瘤6例，三叉神经鞘瘤5例，均经乙状窦后入路显微手术切除肿瘤。结果肿瘤全切23例，次全切除10例，部分切除4例。35例疼痛症状消失（32例立即消失，3例术后2个月消失），随访3个月～5年无复发；2例无效。发生暂时性面瘫6例，面部麻木6例，无颅内感染及脑脊液漏。结论经乙状窦后入路显微手术是治疗继发性三叉神经痛安全有效的方法。     

黄芪对ESWL致兔肾损伤后缺氧诱导因子-1α表达的影响

目的探讨缺氧诱导因子-1α（HIF-1α）在ESWL致肾脏损伤中的作用及黄芪是否通过调节HIF-1α的表达而发挥对肾脏的保护作用。方法45只家兔随机分为对照组、ESWL损伤组和黄芪治疗组,每组15只,除对照组外,所有动物接受ESWL处理（18kV,1 500次）。黄芪治疗组家兔于冲击前3d至后2d,每天注射黄芪注射液2.0g/kg。2周后处死家兔,取肾脏HE染色观察肾组织形态学改变,免疫组织化学染色观察HIF-1α在肾脏中的表达。结果ESWL处理后肾小管上皮细胞肿胀、脱落,小管内可见大量管型,肾间质大量炎细胞浸润;黄芪治疗组以上病变显著减轻。ESWL损伤组HIF-1α显著表达于肾小管上皮细胞及间质,黄芪能够明显抑制HIF-1α的表达。结论HIF-1α参与了ESWL对肾脏的损伤,黄芪可能通过抑制HIF-1α的表达发挥对肾脏的保护作用。     

Value of duplex Doppler ultrasonography in renal colic

OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was to determine the value of duplex Doppler ultrasonography (DDU) in the patients' evolution with renal colic. The study of the resistive index (RI), difference of the RI (ARI) associated with a DDU intravesical recording (ureteral jets) were compared with renographic findings in renal colic. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between October 1998 and January 2001 we studied 377 cases with suspected renal colic by intravenous pyelography (IVP), grey-scale ultrasonography and DDU with determination of the RI, the difference between the RI of ipsilateral and contralateral kidneys (ARI) and the amplitude (maximum length of the intravesical ureteral jet), velocity and frequency of the urine bolus. We considered normal values RI < or = 0.70 and ARI < or = 0.06. VP was used as a referee investigation and the ureteral intravesical jets were determined in standard conditions. All patients came to the hospital between 4 and 12 h after the onset of the renal colic. RESULTS: We found four series of patients: 1, acute (complete) obstructed kidney (IVP nonfunctional) and dilatation at normal grey-scale, with normal contralateral kidney (n = 153). In this series we found RI > 0.70 in 87%, RI > 0.06 in 90% and absent ureteral intravesical jet of the obstructed kidney site in 89%; 2, acute (complete) obstructed kidney (IVP nonfunctional) without abnormalities at normal grey-scale, with normal contralateral kidney (n = 57). In this series we found RI > or = 0.70 in 73.5%, deltaRI > 0.06 in 82.5% of patients, absent or asymmetric ureteral intravesical jet in 80.7% of cases; 3, incomplete obstructed kidney (IVP with various degree of ureterohydronephrosis) with normal contralateral kidney (n = 96). In this series we found RI > or = 0.70 in 58.3% and deltaRI > 0.06 in 64.5% of patients, asymmetric ureteral intravesical jets in 74% of cases; 4, normal both kidneys normal IVP) were found in 71 cases (18.8%). In this series we found RI < 0.70 in 80.2%, deltaRI < or = 0.06 in 89% of cases, normal ureteral intravesical jets in 93% of cases. The mean RI was 0.76 (0.05) in 306 obstructed kidneys, significantly higher than the mean RI of 0.62 (0.05) in 448 normal kidneys (P < 0.001). The ARI in patients with obstruction was significantly higher than in patients with normal both kidneys, at 0.08 (0.05) and -0.001 (0.03), respectively (P < 0.001). The RI was sensitive in 75.5% and specific in 92.5% and ARI was sensitive in 80.7% and specific in 95.7% (versus IVP, considered the referee value). The presence of the intravesical ureteral jets of the renal colic side, associated with the values of RI (RI < or = 0.70) and deltaRI (deltaRI < or = 0.06), was followed by spontaneous passage of the stones in 71% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Renal DDU and consecutively, intravesical evaluation of ureteral jets could detect acute renal obstruction and, as a functional investigation, could have a predictive value regarding the ureteral stones passage. It could replace the IVP, being a sensitive and highly specific test.     

96名护理人员生活质量调查分析

目的：了解护理人员的生活质量状况。方法：采用生活质量综合评定问卷对96名护理人员进行测评分析。结果：心理功能对生活质量的影响最大；不同学历、职称和年龄段护理人员的生活质量差异无显著性意义；护理管理人员的生活质量总体评价，社会功能维度，物质生活维度及其住房、社区服务、生活环境、经济状况因子，心理功能维度中的正性情感，认知功能，自尊因子评定均分均高于一般护理人员；其中住房、社区服务、经济状况，人际交往，业余娱乐因子的客观状态在两组间差异无显著性意义（P＞0．05），但在主观满意度方面前者显著高于后者（P＜0．05，P＜0．01）；运动与感觉功能、正性情感、自尊因子的客观状态前者显著高于后者（P＜0．05），但在主观满意度方面差异无显著性意义（P＞0．05）。结论：一般护理人员在物质生活，社会功能和心理功能方面较护理管理人员面临着更多的问题，护理管理部门在考虑如何提高护理质量与效率时，应注意利用各种激励资源,满足不同职务护理人员的不同需求，提高其生活质量和工作积极性。