直接数字化摄影在尘肺病检查及诊断中的应用研究

目的：探讨直接数字化摄影（DR）技术在尘肺病检查和诊断方面的应用价值。方法选择来我院欲提交诊断的20世纪60～80年代参加国防施工的复退军人及部分经职业健康查体筛选的企业工人共计811例,同时拍摄高千伏（HkV）胸片及DR胸片,部分加照CT扫描胸片,并对二组胸片进行质量及尘肺病诊断一致性等方面的比较。结果二组胸片的质量对比发现：DR胸片总体质量优于高千伏胸片,尤其DR胸片的一级片率明显高于 HkV胸片,DR胸片的三级片率明显低于HkV胸片,且差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）;DR胸片在图像清晰度及肺部微细结构显示方面较好,两组胸片的诊断结果基本一致,尘肺患者胸片在小阴影形态、总体密集度、分布范围方面无明显差别。结论 DR胸片质量好于HkV胸片,三级片率明显低于HkV胸片;DR摄影可用于尘肺病检查与分期诊断。     

Diffusion-weighted MR imaging in acute ischemia: value of apparent diffusion coefficient and signal intensity thresholds in predicting tissue at risk and final infarct size

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Identifying tissue at risk for infarction is an important goal of stroke imaging. This study was performed to determine whether pixel-based apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and signal intensity ratio are helpful diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging metrics to predict tissue at risk for infarction. METHODS: Twelve patients presenting with acute hemispheric strokes underwent DW imaging within 7 hours of symptom onset. Region of interest (ROI), pixel-based ADC, and signal intensity analyses were performed at initial DW imaging to assess area of infarct growth, final infarct area, and normal tissue. RESULTS: Pixel-based analysis was less accurate than ROI-based analysis for evaluating infarct growth or final infarct with ADC, ADC ratio, and signal intensity ratios. In pixel-based analysis, signal intensity ratios were better than ADCs or ADC ratios for identifying tissue at risk (accuracy, 67.4%) and for predicting final infarct (accuracy, 79.9%). Linear regression analysis demonstrated a strong correlation between lesion volume on quantitative DW images or ADC maps and final infarct volume (P < .001). When receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine optimal cutoffs for ADC and DW image values, the region of infarct growth was significantly correlated with only the mismatch between initial qualitative DW image and quantitative DW image signal intensity ratio (cutoff value, 1.19; R = 0.652; P = .022). CONCLUSION: Pixel-based thresholds applied to ADC or DW image signal intensity maps were not accurate prognostic measures of tissue at risk. Quantitative DW images or ADC maps may provide added information not obtained by visual inspection of the qualitative DW image map.     

黄栌药学研究概况

在广泛文献检索基础上,综述了黄栌的种属、成分、药理、临床应用等资料,为深入开发利用提供参考依据。     

加巴喷丁治疗带状疱疹后神经痛(附26例临床观察)

目的探讨加巴喷丁治疗带状疱疹后神经痛(Post herpetic neuralgia,PHN)的疗效及副作用。方法26例PHN患者,病程3个月~6年。均已接受多种治疗方法,但效果不佳,VAS评分4~8分。开始口服剂量加巴喷丁100 mg/次、3次/d。每间隔2~4 d增加剂量300 mg/d,直至疼痛缓解或出现难以耐受的副作用,最高用量为3 600 mg/d。以疼痛明显缓解或疼痛缓解的剂量维持用药。以维持用药或最高用量时VAS评分与用药前VAS评分比较,判定治疗效果。显效:VAS评分下降≥3分,病人生活质量明显改善;有效:VAS评分下降<3且≥1;无效:VAS评分无下降或<1分。结果显效17例(65.4%),有效8例(30.8%),无效1例(3.8%)。治疗有效率95.2%。治疗期间的副作用主要有乏力4例(15.4%)、头晕3例(11.5%)、嗜睡2例(7.7%)、恶心1例(3.8%)。结论加巴喷丁用于治疗带状疱疹后神经痛确实有效,耐受性好,不良反应轻。     

糖尿病肾病动态血压模式的特点及其与尿蛋白的关系

目的 :观察糖尿病肾损害不同时期患者的血压模式的变化 ,及其在糖尿病肾病发生机制中所起的作用。方法 :分别选取血糖稳定、临床血压正常的 、 、 期 2型糖尿病肾损害患者 ,进行动态血压测定 ,观察他们日夜血压模式的特点并与正常对照组进行对比。结果 :实验组患者的共同特点为夜间血压的升高及非勺型曲线的出现率增高 ,且后者与尿蛋白的水平成正相关。结论 :糖尿病肾损害患者的血压模式的改变 ,先于血压的升高及尿蛋白的明显增多 ,提示自主神经功能的受损 ,是糖尿病肾病的发病机制之一。     

针刺合谷穴对脑功能成像的研究

目的 研究针刺合谷穴引起的脑功能的即刻效应和后效应(时间变化规律)。方法 用改进时间簇分析(modified temporal chlster analvsis，MTCA)方法对12名健康志愿者针刺合谷穴功能磁共振成像(fMR1)的数据进行处理，得到针刺后脑功能变化的时间和趋势。结果 针刺合谷穴在进针后7～9s和拔针后高峰后，还会不规律出现一些小的高峰。结论 针刺合谷穴对中枢神经系统影响具有时间特性。     

深圳市宝安区2011~2014年772例交通伤死亡分析

目的：研究近4年深圳市宝安区772例道路交通伤死亡的流行病学特点,为本市区交通伤预防、安全宣教及科学救治提供科学依据。方法回顾性研究2011年1月至2014年12月经深圳市交警处理的交通伤数据,通过统计学分析深圳市宝安区近4年772例交通事故后24小时内致死患者发生的时间分布情况(年份、月份、日期及发生时间等);空间分布情况(发生路口路段、道路类型等);交通伤患者死亡情况(死亡患者类型、受伤类型等)。结果2011~2014年深圳市宝安区共发生道路交通伤24小时内致死患者772例,呈逐年递减趋势,其中2011年276例、2012年183例、2013年174例、2014年139例;交通伤致死患者中男594例,女178例,男女比例为3.32：1;交通伤致死患者中<18岁91例,18~40岁376例,41~65岁271例,>65岁34例;交通伤致死患者中主因颅脑损伤致死患者613例(79.4%),主因胸腹脏器损伤致死患者133例(17.2%),主因失血性休克26例(3.4%);交通伤致死患者中行人158例(20.5%),自行车骑乘人员252例(32.6%),摩托车驾驶人员133例(17.2%),机动车驾驶员或乘客229例(29.7%)。结论深圳市宝安区近4年交通伤致死率仍处于较高水平,行人、自行车及摩托车骑乘人员是主要致死人群,颅脑损伤是主要致死原因,应当加强交通安全教育,制定科学的防范措施,鼓励自行车及摩托车骑乘人员佩戴安全头盔是有效降低本区域交通伤致死的重要措施。     

The Influence of Precipitate Morphology on the Growth of Austenite Grain in Nb-Ti-Al Microalloyed Steels

The present study investigates the morphological evolution of carbonitrides and the effect of these precipitates on grain boundary pinning during pseudo-carburizing a Nb-Ti-Al microalloyed steel. The result indicated that three kinds of complex precipitates with different morphologies containing Nb, Ti, and Al respectively were observed in samples austenitized at different temperatures and times. The NbC and TiN precipitates played an important role in pinning grain boundaries and suppressing the growth of austenite grains, relying on the high thermal stability of TiN precipitates and small size of NbC precipitates. The precipitate characteristics affected the size of austenite grain. Based on the Zener pinning model, the effect of precipitate characteristic on austenite grain size was quantitatively analyzed. It is found that the existence of NbC and TiN precipitated at high temperature makes austenite grain growth difficult when austenite grain boundaries were pinned by fine and diffused precipitates.