Pancreaticoduodenectomy with Vascular Resection for Local Advanced Pancreatic Head Cancer: A Single Center Retrospective Study

Introduction  Pancreaticoduodenectomy with vascular resection remains a controversial approach for patients with local advanced pancreatic head cancer for the lack of evidences of survival and quality of life benefits. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether patients of pancreatic head cancer benefit on quality of life, survival, and treatment cost from pancreaticoduodenectomy with vascular resection compared with palliative therapy. Materials and Methods  Two hundred fourteen patients of pancreatic head cancer whose pancreatic head could not be dissected free from adjacent vascular were involved in this study. Eighty of these patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy with vascular resection, whereas other patients underwent palliative therapy. Results  Pancreaticoduodenectomy with artery resection offered worse outcomes on almost all aspects of quality of life and survival compared with palliative therapy. Pancreaticoduodenectomy with vein resection offered better 5-year survival compared with palliative therapy, whereas palliative therapy offered better quality of life after surgery. Conclusion  Pancreaticoduodenectomy with artery resection is nonsensical on treatment of pancreatic head cancer with artery adhesion/invasion. As for patients with vein adhesion/invasion, pancreaticoduodenectomy with vein resection should be performed cautiously. When actual vein invasion is very possible to have taken place, the choice of treatment strategy should be considered carefully by the pancreatic surgeons.     

Postoperative chemoradiotherapy in gastric cancer: a phase I study of radiotherapy with dose escalation of oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil,and leucovorin (FOLFOX regimen)

Concurrent chemoradiotherapy begins to be more and more widely accepted as a standard adjuvant treatment in gastric cancer. And oxaliplatin, leucovorin, and 5-fluorouracil (FOLFOX) also reveals to be a very effective regimen in gastric cancer. But the safety and the dosages of FOLFOX combining with radiotherapy are still unknown. This study was to determine the maximum-tolerated dose and the dose-limiting toxicity of FOLFOX with higher-dose concurrent radiotherapy (RT) as adjuvant treatment in patients with gastric cancer. Patients with Stage II/III gastric cancer after surgery were recruited. They received one cycle of induction chemotherapy (standard FOLFOX4). Then, they received 50.4 Gy in 1.8-Gy fractions in combination with two cycles of concurrent FOLFOX, and oxaliplatin among this regimen was administered with escalating doses. Dose-limiting toxicity including grade 3 or grade 4 hematologic and nonhematologic toxicities was investigated. Fifteen patients were enrolled at the following dose levels: oxaliplatin 55 mg/m² (3 patients), 65 mg/m² (6 patients), and 75 mg/m² (6 patients). Dose-limiting toxicity was observed in 1 patient at 65 mg/m² (grade 4 leukopenia) and in 3 patients at 75 mg/m² (1 patient had grade 4 leukopenia, 1 had grade 3 thrombocytopenia, and 1 had grade 3 stomatitis). Combination chemotherapy FOLFOX with oxaliplatin 65 mg/m², d 1; leucovorin 200 mg/m², 2 h, d1–2; 5-fluorouracil 400 mg/m², iv, d 1–2 and 600 mg/m² civ, 22 h, d 1–2 given concurrently with RT (50.4 Gy) can be recommended as a safer and preferable regimen for the adjuvant treatment of patients with gastric cancer.

     

A case of jejunal perforation in gallstone ileus

Gallstone ileus is a rare but important cause of small bowel obstruction in the geriatric population. A 65-year-old man with a twenty year history of cholecystolithiasis was admitted to our hospital with abdominal pain and vomiting. Physical exams showed abdominal defence and rebound tenderness. A plain abdominal X-ray suggested a small bowel obstruction and pneumobilia. CT scan revealed a 2.5-cm gallstone at the jejunum and air in the biliary tree. The patient underwent a emergency laparotomy based on a diagnosis of panperitonitis with a perforation associated with gallstone ileus. Operative findings revealed a jejunal perforation and a impacted stone on the anal side of perforation. Enterolithotomy and jejunal resection were performed with cholecystectomy and repairment of the cholecystoduodenal fistula.     

大鼠胫骨骨折愈合过程中Ⅰ,Ⅱ型胶原蛋白的表达:失神经状态下Western blot方法测定

背景：近年来大量的实验及临床观察均证实神经因素对骨折愈合有调节和支配作用。Ⅰ型胶原是促成骨细胞分化和增强成骨细胞黏附能力主要因素，是组成骨构架的基质蛋白；而Ⅱ型胶原由软骨细胞产生。目的：观察失神经状态下骨折愈合过程中Ⅰ、Ⅱ型胶原蛋白表达的变化规律。设计、时间及地点：随机对照动物实验，于2005—05／12在解放军第二军医大学动物实验室及细胞生物教研究室完成。材料：选用3月龄健康雄性SD大鼠40只，采用随机数字表法分为2组，单纯胫骨骨折组与脊髓损伤并胫骨骨折组各20只。方法：单纯胫骨骨折组大鼠于从左胫骨平台前缘插入1根中Φ8min克氏针，制成胫骨骨折模型。脊髓损伤并胫骨骨折组在植备上述模型的基础上，横断切除T30段脊髓约0．3cm，制成T10脊髓完全性损伤大鼠胫骨骨折模型。主要观察指标：分别于伤后1，2，4，5周采用Western blot法检测两组大鼠骨折断端骨痂中Ⅰ、Ⅱ型胶原的蛋白表达。结果：伤后第1周两组大鼠骨折断端骨痂中Ⅰ、Ⅱ型胶原均有表达，脊髓损伤并胫骨骨折组两种胶原的表达程度均高于单纯胫骨骨折组（P〈0．05）：伤后第2周脊髓损伤并胫骨骨折组Ⅱ型胶原的表达量达到峰值，高于单纯胫骨骨折组（P〈0．05）；伤后第4周单纯胫骨骨折组Ⅰ型胶原表达量达峰值，高于脊髓损伤并胫骨骨折组（P〈0．05），脊髓损伤并胫骨骨折组Ⅱ型胶原仍有高表达：伤后第5周两组Ⅰ、Ⅱ型胶原表达量均下降。结论：失神经状态下骨折愈合过程中Ⅰ、Ⅱ胶原的分泌规律与正常骨折愈合一致，区别在于各时间点尤其是在峰值点上表达量有明显差异。     

FK506对嗅鞘细胞移植治疗肌萎缩侧索硬化症患者神经功能改善的影响

目的:观察大环内酯类免疫抑制剂FK506对嗅鞘细胞移植后肌萎缩侧索硬化症患者神经功能的干预情况。方法:①取4个月中期流产胚胎(孕妇及其家属知情同意)的嗅球,消化成单个嗅鞘细胞后,培养2周,然后将其移植到患者双额放射冠部位。②报告1例患者:白人男性,49岁,德国籍,进行性四肢无力伴肌萎缩2年。按世界神经病联合会ElEscorial诊断标准确诊。先后共接受嗅鞘细胞脑内移植2次。第1次为单纯细胞移植,5个月后接受第2次移植术,术后当天下午即开始口服FK506胶囊3mg,2次/d,共42d。术前和术后随访疗效评定采用国际统一的肌萎缩侧索硬化症功能评分标准(满分40分代表正常,随病情加重分数减少,最低为0分),同时对两次移植治疗效果进行比较。结果:第1次术后,患者的神经功能部分改善,肌萎缩侧索硬化症功能评分由术前26分增至32分(医生评定)。第3个月病情又开始加重,至第5个月降至15分(患者及其家属经医师正规培训后独立进行量表评定)。第2次移植后,肌萎缩侧索硬化症功能评分由术前16分增至19分(医生评定)。随访5个月病情基本稳定,评分为14分(患者及其家属评定)。结论:免疫抑制剂和神经营养和保护剂FK506可提高肌萎缩侧索硬化症患者嗅鞘细胞移植的治疗效果,延长神经功能改善时间。     

CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Gene Correction in Newborn Rabbits with Hereditary Tyrosinemia Type I

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Gab family proteins are essential for postnatal maintenance of cardiac function via neuregulin-1/ErbB signaling

Grb2-associated binder (Gab) family of scaffolding adaptor proteins coordinate signaling cascades downstream of growth factor and cytokine receptors. In the heart, among EGF family members, neuregulin-1beta (NRG-1beta, a paracrine factor produced from endothelium) induced remarkable tyrosine phosphorylation of Gab1 and Gab2 via erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene (ErbB) receptors. We examined the role of Gab family proteins in NRG-1beta/ErbB-mediated signal in the heart by creating cardiomyocyte-specific Gab1/Gab2 double knockout mice (DKO mice). Although DKO mice were viable, they exhibited marked ventricular dilatation and reduced contractility with aging. DKO mice showed high mortality after birth because of heart failure. In addition, we noticed remarkable endocardial fibroelastosis and increase of abnormally dilated vessels in the ventricles of DKO mice. NRG-1beta induced activation of both ERK and AKT in the hearts of control mice but not in those of DKO mice. Using DNA microarray analysis, we found that stimulation with NRG-1beta upregulated expression of an endothelium-stabilizing factor, angiopoietin 1, in the hearts of control mice but not in those of DKO mice, which accounted for the pathological abnormalities in the DKO hearts. Taken together, our observations indicated that in the NRG-1beta/ErbB signaling, Gab1 and Gab2 of the myocardium are essential for both maintenance of myocardial function and stabilization of cardiac capillary and endocardial endothelium in the postnatal heart.