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941.
Lisa D. Gardner Christopher A. Loffredo PhD Patricia Langenberg Diane Marie St. George Janaki Deepak Curtis C. Harris Sania Amr 《Annals of epidemiology》2018,28(8):543-548
Purpose
Lung cancer is a multifactorial malignancy for which some risk factors, such as chronic lung diseases, their interactions with smoking, and how they differ by race and sex, are not fully understood. We investigated the associations between chronic inflammatory lung disease and non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and how sex and race may affect such associations.Methods
Using logistic regression, we analyzed 1660 lung cancer cases and 1959 population controls and estimated adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results
Chronic lung disease was significantly associated with higher odds of having NSCLC in never (AOR = 1.99; 95% CI = 1.19–3.34), former (AOR = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.29–2.20), and current smokers (AOR = 2.40; 95% CI = 1.62–3.57), after adjustment for relevant covariates. For each 5-year increment in chronic lung disease duration, the risk of lung cancer increased only among females (AOR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.02–1.13). Females, but not males, with asthma were at risk for NSCLC (AOR = 2.08; 95% CI = 1.40–3.10).Conclusions
This study provides support for chronic lung inflammation as a potential contributing factor to lung cancer risk and possible sex difference in the inflammatory events underlying disease mechanisms. 相似文献942.
Online scan of FASD prevention and health promotion resources for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities 下载免费PDF全文
Hayley M. Williams BSocSc PGDipPsych Nikki A. Percival BSc MPH PhD Nicole C. Hewlett BPsych BPsych MPH Rahni B. J. Cassady Sven R. Silburn BSc BSc MSc 《Health promotion journal of Australia》2018,29(1):31-38
Issue addressed
Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) includes a range of life‐long impairments caused by alcohol exposure in utero. Health professionals are vital to preventing FASD but many are hesitant to discuss FASD with clients due to their need for additional resources to aid the conversation. This scan sought to identify the scope and gaps in publicly available FASD prevention and health promotion resources, and assess their cultural appropriateness for use among five key groups of Indigenous Australian people including: (i) pregnant women, (ii) women of childbearing age, (iii) grandmothers and aunties, (iv) men, and (v) health professionals.Methods
Relevant resources published 1995‐2017 were identified through the Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet, FASD organisation websites, grey literature, Google searches, and field experts. Results were screened by inclusion and cultural appropriateness criteria developed and piloted by the research team, and further screened by health professionals attending FASD training workshops.Results
115 of the 2146 identified resources were eligible. Relevant resources were found for all five key groups; however, no resources were specifically designed for men, grandmothers or aunties.Conclusions
A range of high‐quality, culturally appropriate resources were identified, however, health professionals attending the training workshops were not aware of their availability. Further resource development is suggested for men, grandmothers and aunties.So what?
Prioritisation of active dissemination and implementation strategies is suggested to increase awareness and use of future resource developments. The inclusion of a resource trial among health professionals is a recommended strategy to increase awareness and use of newly developed resources.943.
Tierney Wolgemuth Colleen Judge-Golden Lisa Callegari Xinhua Zhao Maria Mor Sonya Borrero 《Women's health issues》2018,28(6):480-487
Background
Although pregnancy intention is strongly associated with contraceptive use, little is known about the interaction between pregnancy intention and attitude, or how they jointly affect contraceptive use.Methods
Cross-sectional data from a national survey of women veterans who receive care within the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System were used to examine relationships among pregnancy intention (in next year, in >1 year, never, not sure), attitude toward hypothetical pregnancy (worst thing, neutral, best thing), and contraceptive use among women at risk for unintended pregnancy. Bivariate and multivariable analyses assessed associations between pregnancy intention and attitude, both separately and jointly, with contraceptive use. Multinomial regression assessed the relationship of intention and attitude with contraceptive method effectiveness.Results
Among 858 women at risk of unintended pregnancy, bivariate analysis demonstrated that pregnancy intention and attitude were associated, but not perfectly aligned. In logistic regression models including both variables, intention of never versus in next year (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34–5.75) and attitude of worst thing versus best thing (aOR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.42–5.74) were each positively associated with contraception use. Among women using contraception, intention of never (aOR, 3.17; 95% CI, 1.33–7.59) and attitude of worst thing (OR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.05–4.17) were associated with use of highly effective (e.g., intrauterine devices and implants) versus least effective (e.g., barrier) methods.Conclusions
These findings support prior research suggesting that pregnancy intention alone does not fully explain contraceptive behaviors and imply that attitude toward pregnancy plays an important role in shaping contraceptive use independent of pregnancy intentions. 相似文献944.
Lisa Gorman Ufer Julie A. Moore Kristen Hawkins Gina Gembel David N. Entwistle David Hoffman 《Maternal and child health journal》2018,22(5):648-659
Introduction This paper describes the care coordination training program and results of an evaluation from its pilot in seven states. Despite the importance of practice-based care coordination, only 42.3% of children with special health care needs (CYSHCN) met all needed components of care coordination as defined by the Maternal Child Health Bureau. Recognizing that children with medically complex conditions often have lower rates of achieving care coordination within a medical home, the Region 4 Midwest Genetics Collaborative worked with families to develop a training to empower families in care coordination. The Care Coordination: Empowering Families(CCEF) training provides families with the knowledge, tools, and resources to engage with health, education and family support systems. This article gives an overview of the training and comprehensive evaluation. Methods Participants were family caregivers of children with genetic conditions and other special health care needs recruited in one of seven pilot states. Evaluation data were collected from 190 participants prior to and immediately following the training. An additional follow-up assessment one full year post training was completed by 80 participants (a response rate of 42%). Results Families who attended the training report being the primary source of care coordination for their children and 83.7% see their role in their child’s healthcare changing as a result of the training. The findings suggest that peer support and communication with providers increased as a result of the training over the course of the study. The data suggest that the training impacted how the family interacts with the child’s doctor, including initiating conversations to prepare their child for transition to adult health care. Further, families report system-level improvements 1 year later compared to the pre-training assessment. Discussion CCEF training is a promising practice for facilitating medical home use among CYSHCN. 相似文献
945.
Breast milk transmission of flaviviruses in the context of Zika virus: A systematic review 下载免费PDF全文
Taylor Z. Mann Lisa B. Haddad Tonya R. Williams Susan L. Hills Jennifer S. Read Deborah L. Dee Eric J. Dziuban Janice Pérez‐Padilla Denise J. Jamieson Margaret A. Honein Carrie K. Shapiro‐Mendoza 《Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology》2018,32(4):358-368
Background
Since the Zika virus epidemic in the Americas began in 2015, Zika virus transmission has occurred throughout the Americas. However, limited information exists regarding possible risks of transmission of Zika virus and other flaviviruses through breast feeding and human milk. We conducted a systematic review of the evidence regarding flaviviruses detection in and transmission through milk, specifically regarding Zika virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, tick‐borne encephalitis virus, Powassan virus, West Nile virus, dengue virus, and yellow fever virus.Methods
Medline, Embase, Global Health, CINAHL , Cochrane Library, Scopus, Popline, Virtual Health Library, and WorldCat were searched through June 2017. Two authors independently screened potential studies for inclusion and extracted data. Human and nonhuman (animal) studies describing: 1) confirmed or suspected cases of mother‐to‐child transmission through milk; or 2) the presence of flavivirus genomic material in milk.Results
Seventeen studies were included, four animal models and thirteen observational studies. Dengue virus, West Nile virus, and Zika virus viral ribonucleic acid was detected in human milk, including infectious Zika virus and dengue virus viral particles. Human breast‐feeding transmission was confirmed for only yellow fever virus. There was evidence of milk‐related transmission of dengue virus, Powassan virus, and West Nile virus in animal studies.Conclusions
Because the health advantages of breast feeding are considered greater than the potential risk of transmission, the World Health Organization recommends that mothers with possible or confirmed Zika virus infection or exposure continue to breast feed. This review did not identify any data that might alter this recommendation.946.
947.
Clinical and laboratory factors contributing to uninterpretable beryllium lymphocyte proliferation tests (BeLPT) 下载免费PDF全文
Derek E. Smith MS Ashley P. Golden PhD Arthur W. Stange PhD Elizabeth Barker MPH Margaret Mroz MSPH Anna E. Barón PhD Debashis Ghosh PhD Lisa Maier MD Donna Cragle PhD Lee S. Newman MD MA 《American journal of industrial medicine》2018,61(7):592-604
Background
The beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test (BeLPT), has become the principal clinical test for detecting beryllium sensitization and chronic beryllium disease. Uninterpretable BeLPT results can occur in a small but significant proportion of tests from poor lymphocyte growth (PG) or over proliferation of lymphocytes (OP). The clinical and laboratory causes of uninterpretable results are not known.Methods
BeLPT data from the US Department of Energy‐supported Former Worker Screening Program were analyzed for a 10‐year period. Drivers of uninterpretable BeLPTs were investigated using multivariable models and classification techniques.Results
Three participant attributes were significantly associated with PG, while OP showed no significant associations. Serum lot for the lymphocyte growth medium accounted for 21% of the variation in PG and 16% in OP.Conclusion
Serum lots influence the likelihood of having uninterpretable BeLPT. To better understand uninterpretable results and possibly reduce their occurrence, additional laboratory‐related factors should be addressed.948.
949.
Analysis of pedigree data in populations with multiple ancestries: Strategies for dealing with admixture in Caribbean Hispanic families from the ADSP 下载免费PDF全文
Rafael A. Nafikov Alejandro Q. Nato Jr. Harkirat Sohi Bowen Wang Lisa Brown Andrea R. Horimoto Badri N. Vardarajan Sandra M. Barral Giuseppe Tosto Richard P. Mayeux Timothy A. Thornton Elizabeth Blue Ellen M. Wijsman 《Genetic epidemiology》2018,42(6):500-515
Multipoint linkage analysis is an important approach for localizing disease‐associated loci in pedigrees. Linkage analysis, however, is sensitive to misspecification of marker allele frequencies. Pedigrees from recently admixed populations are particularly susceptible to this problem because of the challenge of accurately accounting for population structure. Therefore, increasing emphasis on use of multiethnic samples in genetic studies requires reevaluation of best practices, given data currently available. Typical strategies have been to compute allele frequencies from the sample, or to use marker allele frequencies determined by admixture proportions averaged over the entire sample. However, admixture proportions vary among pedigrees and throughout the genome in a family‐specific manner. Here, we evaluate several approaches to model admixture in linkage analysis, providing different levels of detail about ancestral origin. To perform our evaluations, for specification of marker allele frequencies, we used data on 67 Caribbean Hispanic admixed families from the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project. Our results show that choice of admixture model has an effect on the linkage analysis results. Variant‐specific admixture proportions, computed for individual families, provide the most detailed regional admixture estimates, and, as such, are the most appropriate allele frequencies for linkage analysis. This likely decreases the number of false‐positive results, and is straightforward to implement. 相似文献
950.
Monica Hernandez Alava Allan Wailoo Sabine Grimm Stephen Pudney Manuel Gomes Zia Sadique David Meads John O’Dwyer Garry Barton Lisa Irvine 《Value in health》2018,21(1):49-56