Dissolving agents of human mixed cholesterol stones

Methyl tert-butyl ether which is a powerful cholesterol monohydrate solvent does not completely dissolve mixed cholesterol gallstones when directly infused into the biliary tree. In this work, we compared the effect of various solvents containing different proportions of methyl tert-butyl ether and dimethylsulfoxide in anhydrous and aqueous systems on the in vitro solubilization of human cholesterol stones. The dissolution rates of cholesterol obtained in the presence of methyl tert-butyl ether was markedly decreased when 10 p. 100 water was added. In contrast, the addition of dimethylsulfoxide (30 p. 100) to methyl tert-butyl ether-water system enhanced the stone-solvent contact, improved the cholesterol dissolution rates and left less stone debris. A subsequent dissolution with an alkaline, pH = 8.8, aqueous dimethylsulfoxide-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solution strongly reduced the non cholesterol residues. In vivo, nearly complete dissolution of human cholesterol stones implanted in the gallbladder of rabbits was obtained within 8 hours when methyl tert-butyl ether/dimethylsulfoxide (70/30) solvent was infused at a rate of 0.6 ml/h/kg. With methyl tert-butyl ether, only 84 p. 100 of the original stone weight was dissolved. The infusion of these solvents leads to morphological changes in the gallbladder wall with some focal ulcerations. These alterations can be almost completely recovered after two weeks. No histologic evidence of hepatic, duodenal or renal damage was found. We conclude that the mixture methyl tert-butyl ether/dimethylsulfoxide (70/30) constitutes a good solvent for mixed cholesterol stones. Compared with pure methyl tert-butyl ether, the mixed system allows for a more rapid and a more complete dissolution of gallstones.     

环孢霉素A滴眼治疗角膜移植排斥反应

应用0.5％环孢霉素A(cyclosporin A,CsA)滴眼治疗穿透性角膜移植术后发生免疫排斥患者16例(16只眼),治愈9只眼,好转6只眼,无效1只眼。随访5～24个月,其中2只眼因停药复发,1只眼于拆线后复发,继续用药或增加给药次数后治愈。研究表明0.5％CsA滴眼剂治疗术前移植床条件较好,角膜移植术后发生免疫排斥的病例可得到良好疗效;而对术前移植床条件较差,角膜移植术后发生免疫排斥的病例有一定的疗效。作者对眼局部应用CsA治疗角膜移植排斥的疗效和作用机理进行了讨论。     

猪心肌球蛋白及其轻,重链亚基的纯化和鉴定

采用一种改进的方法，从１００ｇ猪心室肌中提取心肌肌球蛋白３７０ｍｇ，并进一步分离和纯化其亚基成分，分别得到肌球蛋白轻链２４ｍｇ和重链２１０ｍｇ，核酸含量＜１％，不含有肌动蛋白、原肌球蛋白、肌钙蛋白及其它杂蛋白；ＳＤＳＰＡＧＥ显示，猪心肌球蛋白重链为２００～２２０ＫＤ一条带，肌球蛋白轻链则为２７ｋｄ、２１．４ｋｄ、１９ｋｄ三条带；纯化猪心肌球蛋白的Ｃａ２＋激活ＡＴＰ酶活性为０．２４μｍｏｌＰｉ／（ｍｇ·ｍｉｎ），但其分离后的亚基则无此活性。     

肝病患者血清透明质酸放射免疫测定的临床分析

检测256例肝病患者HA,结果表明各肝病组均增高,幅度从慢迁肝到慢活肝至肝硬化呈递增,其数值的高低可反映肝脏病变的程度。根据HA与中医血瘀证关系的分析,HA的增高与血瘀证存在明显的正相关关系。     

农药唑呀威毒理及中毒治疗的实验研究

唑呀威（Ｔｒｉａｚｕｒｏｎ）系新型的高效杀蚜虫剂。目前，对其抑制胆碱酯酶活性的毒理尚报道不一。作者在进行毒性测试和发现１６名包装工夏季作业时８名出现明显症状的基础上，开展动物实验研究。结果发现，唑呀威有较有机磷农药更为快速的胆碱酯酶抑制作用，大鼠经口染毒１１２．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ仅３０ｍｉｎ内即见全血胆碱酯酶活性显著下降，Ｐ＜０．０１；且存在明显剂量－反应关系。高剂量（２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ）还可引起心血管系统的损害。注射阿托品有显著解救效果，染毒同时给药的解救效果明显优于染毒后５分钟给药，提示愈早给药解救效果愈好。作者由此提出了临床中毒急救措施的建议     

走出低谷──再谈渐进式责任制护理

渐进式责任制护理是据国情产生的一个新生事物。其特征是全员参与，在完成功能制工作之后，每位护士负责一位重危病人的护理。其护理内容完全按照责任制护理进行。其不足之处是人员素质的差异，使责任制护理质量有别。不过，可随着条件的成熟，不断得到改进。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的临床研究

强调对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的认识，以达到对该病的早期诊与治疗。方法应用Ａｕｔｏｓｅｔ诊疗系统及鼻持续正压通气治疗仪，对６６例ＯＳＡＳ患者进行确诊及序贯治疗。     

人碱性成纤维细胞生长因子基因在大肠杆菌中的克隆与表达

应用DNA重组技术将编码人碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bbFGF）的基因克隆至原核高效表达质粒pBV_(221)的启动子下游。SDS-SAGE、ELISA和NTT活性监测结果表明:该重组质粒pBV-hbFGF在大肠杆菌DH5α中,经42℃诱导后,可表达出有较高生物活性的hbFGF。     

3,5-甾二烯化合物的合成及抗早孕活性

以18-甲基-17β-羟基-17α-乙炔基-雌甾-4-烯-3-酮(18-甲基炔诺酮),17β-羟基-17α-乙缺基-雌甾-4-烯-3-酮(炔诺酮),17β-羟基-17α-乙炔基-雄甾-4-烯-3-酮(妊娠素)和17a-羟基孕甾-4-烯-3,20二酮(17α-羟基黄体酮)为原料,经NaBH,还原、脱水、双键转位和酯化等反应合成一系列3,5-甾二烯化合物,用¹HNMR和MS证明了它们的结构。动物筛选结果表明,17β-丙酰氧基-17α-乙炔基-雌甾-3,5-二烯(IV_b2有明显的抗早孕活性。中断早期妊娠的作用似与其雌激素活性有关。     

Angiotensin II receptor expression and inhibition in the chronically hypoxic rat lung.

1. Angiotensin II (AII) binding density and the effect of chronic AII receptor blockade were examined in the rat model of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. 2. [125I]-[Sar1,Ile2]AII binding capacity was increased in lung membranes from rats exposed to hypoxia (10% fractional inspired O2) for 7 days compared to normal rats (Bmax 108 +/- 12 vs 77 +/- 3 fmol mg-1 protein; P < 0.05), with no significant change in dissociation constant. Competition with specific AII receptor subtype antagonists demonstrated that AT1 is the predominant subtype in both normal and hypoxic lung. 3. Rats treated intravenously with the AT1 antagonist, GR138950C, 1 mg kg-1 day-1 rather than saline alone during 7 days of exposure to hypoxia developed less pulmonary hypertension (pulmonary arterial pressure: 21.3 +/- 1.7 vs 28.3 +/- 1.1 mmHg; P < 0.05), right ventricular hypertrophy (right/left ventricle weight ratio: 0.35 +/- 0.01 vs 0.45 +/- 0.01; P < 0.05) and pulmonary artery remodelling (abundance of thick-walled pulmonary vessels: 9.6 +/- 1.4% vs 20.1 +/- 0.9%; P < 0.05). 4. The reduction in cardiac hypertrophy and pulmonary remodelling with the AT1 antagonist was greater than that achieved by a dose of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) that produced a comparable attenuation of the rise in pulmonary arterial pressure during hypoxia. 5. The data suggest that AII, via the AT1 receptor, has a role in the early pathogenesis of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in the rat.