头颈部鳞状细胞癌远处转移的相关因素分析

目的探讨头颈肿瘤远处转移的相关影响因素。方法对532例头颈部原发鳞状细胞癌患者的临床病理资料进行回顾性分析。选择性别、年龄、临床分期、T分级、N分级、原发癌部位、原发癌浸润深度、原发癌病理分级、有无颈淋巴结转移、颈阳性淋巴结数目、颈淋巴结转移累及区域、颈阳性淋巴结破膜情况等临床病理因素，用)(2检验和Logistic回归进行单因素和多因素分析，并用．Kaplan-Meier法对发生远隔部位转移患者进行生存分析。结果在532例头颈部原发鳞状细胞癌患者中，60例(11．3％)发生远处转移。单因素分析显示，临床分期(P=0．0126)、T分级(P=0．0082)、原发癌部位(P=0．0011)、原发癌浸润深度(P=0，0005)、有无颈淋巴结转移(P=0．0057)、颈阳性淋巴结数目(P=0．0149)、颈淋巴结转移累及区域(P=0．0034)、颈阳性淋巴结破膜情况(P=0．0118)与发生远处转移有关。多因素分析结果表明，仅原发癌部位、原发癌浸润深度与发生远处转移明显相关。用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析，结果显示60例发生远隔部位转移患者的1年生存率、3年生存率、5年生存率分别为51．7％、13．3％、6．5％。结论原发肿瘤部位和浸润深度是发生远处转移的共同决定性因素。而原发癌临床分期、T分级和有无颈淋巴结转移是头颈鳞癌远处转移的影响因素，但不是导致远处转移的初始和根本因素。喉癌、下咽癌以及原发癌侵犯肌肉、骨或软骨患者易发生远处转移。     

鼻腔鼻窦鳞状细胞癌中细胞质凋亡抑制蛋白2和半胱氨酸蛋白水解酶4的表达

OBJECTIVE: To examine the expression of apoptosis-related genes c-IAP2 and caspase-4 in sinonasal squamous carcinoma. To investigate the role and mechanism of the two apoptosis-related genes in nasal cavity and sinus squamons carcinoma. METHODS: Forty-one pathologically confirmed specimens of nasal cavity and sinus squamons carcinoma were subjected for immunohistochemical staining to analyze the expression of c-IAP2 and caspase-4, in addition 10 normal nasal mucosa were used as control. RESULTS: The positive rate of c-IAP2 in sinonasal squamons carcinoma was 87.8%, among which 14 cases were strongly stained(+ + +), 15 cases were stained(+ +), 7 cases were stained (+), only 5 cases were negative. In 10 normal control tissues, no case was stained(+ + +), 2 cases were stained (+ +), 3 cases were stained(+), the other 5 cases were negative. Higher level expression of c-IAP2 protein was detected more often in squamons carcinoma specimens than that in normal nasal mucosa. There was statistically significant difference between the two groups for the staining(P < 0.05). The expression of c-IAP2 was not correlated with clinical staging (P > 0.05), but there were positive correlation with clinical prognosis (P < 0.01) and pathological classification (P < 0.01); The positive rate of caspase-4 in nasal cavity and sinus squamons carcinoma was 58.5%, among which 4 cases were strongly stained (+ + +), 7 cases were stained (+ +), 13 case was stained(+), 17 cases were negative. The expression of caspase-4 protein was more deletion in squamons carcinoma specimens than that in control group, there was statistically significant difference between the two groups for the staining (P < 0.05). The expression of caspase-4 protein was negatively correlated with clinical prognosis (P < 0.01) and pathological classification ( P < 0.01), not correlated with clinical staging(P > 0.05). The expression of c-IAP2 was negativelly correlated with the experssion of caspase-4. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicates that in sinonasal squamous carcinoma, c-IAP2 is activated, while caspase-4 is restrained, the signal transduction pathway of apoptosis is arrested, leading to surviving of tumor cells, this maybe directly associated with the development of sinonasal squamons carcinoma, and with the failure of tumor trentment.     

上颌窦息肉及囊肿处理方法的探讨

目的 :探讨鼻内镜下上颌窦内息肉、囊肿手术切除方法。方法 :将上颌窦内有息肉和囊肿的 96例患者随机分为两组 :治疗组 5 0例 ,对照组 4 6例。治疗组应用Rudolf 4 .5mm上颌窦开窗器 ,经下鼻道钻孔 ,套管内窥及息肉和囊肿 ,电动吸引切割器切除。对照组经扩大的自然开口 ,用上颌窦息肉钳清除窦口可见到的息肉和囊肿。结果 :术后随访 6个月 ,治疗组治愈 4 1例 ,好转 8例 ,无效 1例 ,总有效率为 98.0 0 % ,治愈率为 82 .0 0 % ;对照组治愈 2 8例 ,好转 11例 ,无效 7例 ,总有效率为 84 .78% ,治愈率为 6 0 .87% ,两组比较 ,差异均有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1和P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :鼻内镜下经下鼻道钻孔上颌窦息肉、囊肿电动吸引切割术是一种简单、疗效肯定的手术方法 ,可以提高慢性鼻窦炎的治愈率。     

使用多媒体辅助医学影像设备教学

电路工作程序分析是<医学影像设备学>学习中的重点,同时也是一个难点,如何搞好该环节的教学是我们思考最多的一个问题,经过不断的尝试,我们引入了多媒体辅助教学,取得了一定的教学效果.     

自体角膜缘干细胞联合羊膜移植治疗复发性翼状胬肉

目的　探讨自体角膜缘干细胞联合羊膜移植治疗复发性翼状胬肉的临床效果。方法　将 84例 (84只眼 )复发性翼状胬肉患者随机分为治疗组 (4 6例 )和对照组 (38例 )。治疗组采用自体角膜缘干细胞联合羊膜移植治疗 ,对照组行单纯羊膜移植 ,术后随访 3个月至 2年。结果　角膜上皮均于 1周内完全愈合。治疗组 4 6例中 3例复发 ,复发率为 6 .5 % ;对照组 38例中 9例复发 ,复发率为 2 3.7%。两组相比具有显著性差异 (χ2 =5 .0 0 6 ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论　自体角膜缘干细胞联合羊膜移植抑制了结膜下纤维组织增生 ,重建角膜缘部屏障功能 ,能有效治疗复发性翼状胬肉。     

孤立型脉络膜血管瘤的超声诊断

目的 探讨孤立型脉络膜血管瘤的超声诊断价值。方法 使用标准化A超联合B超诊断6例脉络膜血管瘤。结果 脉络膜血管瘤B超显示实性占位病变，回声与正常脉络膜组织回声一致；A超表现为病变内高反射波。结论 超声检查是诊断脉络膜血管瘤有价值的辅助手段。     

可调缝线联合丝裂霉素治疗难治性青光眼

目的:评价可调缝线联合丝裂霉素治疗难治性青光眼的临床疗效。方法:对难治性青光眼30例应用可调缝线联合丝裂霉素在滤过性手术中疗效进行分析。结果:经过1a的随访,视力不变27眼,下降1～2行3眼;术后眼压:出院时平均眼压1.72kPa,3月以上平均眼压(2.4±0.3)kPa。结论:在常规滤过手术中采用可调缝线联合丝裂霉素可有效地降低眼压,减少并发症的发生,从而维护青光眼患者的视功能。     

光学相干断层扫描技术诊断RPE脱离

目的:观察黄斑区视网膜色素上皮(RPE)脱离的光学相干断层扫描(OCT)图像特征。方法:并发黄斑区RPE脱离的眼底病病例共48例(52眼),进行黄斑区OCT检测,观察其图像特征,并结合FFA结果进行分析。结果:根据形态特征,RPE脱离可分为两种,浆液性RPE脱离和出血性RPE脱离。前者见于部分中心性浆液性脉络膜病例(16例)、特发性浆液性RPE脱离(7例)、部分视网膜下新生血管病变的病例(10例),后者仅见于部分视网膜下新生血管病变的病例(16例)。结论:OCT能够直观形象地显示RPE脱离的形态特征,准确地测量RPE脱离的范围大小。     

胬肉切除联合球结膜瓣转位术的疗效

目的:探讨胬肉切除联合球结膜瓣转位术技巧及其疗效分析。方法:胬肉切除联合球结膜瓣转位术操作要点:术眼在表麻和浸润麻醉下,彻底切除胬肉及受累及的球筋膜组织。于上方球结膜下注入20g/L利多卡因使球结膜与结膜下组织分离,并作一条与角膜缘平行的带蒂球结膜瓣,将其转位覆盖在巩膜裸露区,并予缝合固定。术后用氯霉素地塞米松眼液滴眼,6～7d拆线。采用此术式治疗翼状胬肉患者379例(386眼),其中原发性翼状胬肉患者373例(380眼),复发性翼状胬肉患者6例(6眼)。结果:手术治愈373例(380眼),治愈率为98.4%;复发6例(6眼),复发率为1.6%。术后复发者经再次作手术,全部治愈。结论:胬肉切除联合球结膜瓣转位术治疗翼状胬肉效果显著,此术式值得推广应用。     

不同术式羟基磷灰石义眼座植入术的比较

目的:观察羟基磷灰石义眼座(HA)植入术不同手术方法的临床效果。方法:根据HA植入时机及包裹方式,共分为7种手术方法,其中方法1～3为HAⅠ期植入,方法4～7为HAⅡ期植入。方法1(n =7)为眼内容剜除术后Ⅰ期植入,自体双层巩膜包裹HA前部;方法2(n =1)为眼内容剜除术后Ⅰ期植入,自体巩膜包裹HA后部;方法3(n =1)为眼球摘除术后Ⅰ期植入,自体巩膜包裹HA前部;方法4(n =2)眼内容剜除术后Ⅱ期植入,萎缩的自体巩膜包裹HA前部;方法5(n =2)眼球摘除术后Ⅱ期植入;方法6(n =3)为眼球摘除术后Ⅱ期植入,异体巩膜包裹整个HA;方法7(n =2)为眼球摘除术后Ⅱ期植入,异体巩膜包裹HA前部。观察7种术式患者的结膜伤口及HA情况。结果:所有18例中,方法1有2例结膜伤口哆开,方法5有1例HA暴露,方法7有1例巩膜溶解,HA暴露,其余14例Ⅰ期愈合。结论:采用不同术式HA植入中,Ⅰ期植入术后并发症轻,HA活动好,手术时机是提高HA植入成功的重要因素。