下颌骨牵张成骨的有限元模拟

目的：建立下颌骨牵张成骨的有限元模型,以了解下颌骨牵张成骨形变发生的生物力学基础和形变规律。方法将下颌骨CT数据导入Mimics 10.1,按临床设计的截骨线位置进行模拟截骨,然后将数据输入Magics 9.9中进行模型优化。输入Ansys 12.0建模,并进行下颌骨牵张成骨的模拟。结果牵张成骨的位移变化、应力及软组织改变均可直观有效地模拟。结论有限元分析可以总结手术效果,分析应力分布及软组织阻力方向,提出治疗过程的改进意见。     

Initial validation of the Chinese interRAI Mental Health in people with psychiatric illness

Objective. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the Chinese interRAI Mental Health (MH) among people with psychiatric illnesses. Methods. Study participants were 157 individuals with psychiatric illnesses living in a psychiatric long-term care facility or halfway house in Hong Kong. The authors prepared the Chinese interRAI MH. A panel of bilingual healthcare professionals examined the quality of the translation. The reliability of the 6 scales embedded in the instrument was examined using Cronbach's alphas, intraclass correlations, and Kappa coefficients. Pearson's product moment correlations, Spearman's order correlations, and independent t-tests were used to determine the concurrent and construct validity of the scales. Results and Conclusions. Internal consistency values (α = 0.66–0.95) and test–retest reliability coefficients (ICC = 0.76–0.97; κ = 0.75–1.00) of the scales were found to be satisfactory. All 6 scales correlated significantly with the criterion measures. As expected, 3 scales relating to cognition, activities of daily living (ADL), and instrumental ADL discriminated among individuals living in two types of residential setting. Chinese interRAI MH was found to be a valid and reliable tool useful for the clinicians in Hong Kong.     

Intraoperative brain mapping to identify corticospinal projections during resective epilepsy surgery in children with congenital hemiparesis

Purpose

The purpose of the study is to determine corticospinal organization using intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring (IONM) during resective epilepsy surgery for patients with congenital hemiparesis and intractable epilepsy.

Methods

Ten patients, aged 3–17, with intractable epilepsy underwent resective surgery. Transcranial stimulation (TCS) was achieved using a pair of cork screws at Cz and C3/C4, respectively. A 1?×?4 stimulating electrode strip was placed on the presumed motor cortex of the affected hemisphere for direct cortical stimulation (DCS) after craniotomy. Multipulse TCS and DCS train stimulation was delivered, with simultaneous recordings from bilateral abductor pollicis brevis and abductor halluces, to determine the corticospinal projection pattern of the paretic limbs.

Results

The above mapping techniques revealed ipsilateral corticospinal projections from the contralesional hemisphere to target muscles in the paretic limbs in three patients, projections from both hemispheres to target muscles in three, and preserved crossed projections from the affected hemisphere in four. Nine patients were seizure free after surgery. Five had unchanged postoperative functional status, and three showed minimally improved use of the paretic hand. Two developed new motor deficits after surgery, which may have been due to a premotor syndrome in one patient, since it completely resolved within 2 weeks. The other experienced increased weakness of the paretic lower limb because a small part of the eloquent cortex was removed for better seizure control.

Conclusions

Using IONM to define the corticospinal projection pattern is a valuable technique that can potentially replace preoperative fMRI and transcranial magnetic stimulation in resective epilepsy surgery, particularly for younger patients.     

Construction and application of tuberculosis medical and nursing integration cooperation model

Objective

To explore the clinical effect of the tuberculosis (TB) doctor–nurse integration management model

Methods

This study is a retrospective historical cohort study. The clinical data of 180 patients with TB in our hospital from 2019 to 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. In a control group, 90 cases were treated with the traditional medical care model. An observation group of 90 cases received clinical diagnoses, treatments, and nursing under a doctor–nurse integration management model. Comparative analyses between the two groups were conducted on various aspects, including the awareness level of TB prevention and control, medication compliance and patient satisfaction. Comparisons between the two groups were evaluated using independent-sample t-tests or Chi-squared tests

Results

Compared with the control group, the knowledge awareness levels of TB prevention and medication compliance in the observation group were significantly higher (p < .05). The appointment waiting times and hospitalization times in the observation group were significantly lower than in the control group (p < .05). The total average satisfaction score of the patients in the observation group was significantly higher than in the control group (p < .05). Compared with the control group, the patients in the observation group were significantly more satisfied with their nursing methods, operating techniques, psychological techniques, service attitudes, and ward management (p < .05). In addition, in the observation group, medical–nursing relationships and doctor–patient communication were better than in the control group; additionally, the satisfaction of doctors with nursing work was also higher than in the control group, which was a statistically significant difference (p < .05)

Conclusion

The implementation of an integrated medical–nursing cooperation model for TB will help increase the awareness of health knowledge in patients with TB, improve patient medication compliance and enhance patient satisfaction.     

Post-transplant cyclophosphamide and bortezomib inhibit dendritic cell maturation and function and alter their IκB and NFκB

Impairing dendritic cell (DC) function to prevent graft versus host disease (GvHD) is an appealing concept. DC antigen presentation is NF-κB pathway-dependent and bortezomib might therefore play a role in preventing alloreactivity. We obtained DC from the blood of patients enrolled in a phase I study using post-transplant cyclophosphamide and bortezomib for prevention of GvHD. Control samples were obtained from patients receiving standard GvHD prevention regimen. Pre-treatment samples were also collected from enrolled patients. DC isolated on days + 1, + 4, and + 7 showed progressive decrease in the expression of maturation markers in comparison to control. In a DC–CD4 + mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) where DC isolated from the recipient blood before graft infusion were the stimulator cells, T cell proliferation measured by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) integration was decreased in samples obtained on days + 14 and + 21 in comparison to control group. Finally, measured by real-time PCR, the expression of IκB progressively increased while the expression of NF-κB decreased in DC on days + 1, + 4, and + 7, in comparison to pre-treatment paired controls. We conclude that our data further justify exploring the role of bortezomib in GvHD prevention and propose a novel mechanism of action of bortezomib in DC.     

三阴性乳腺癌的新辅助化疗：附31 例报告

目的：探讨三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）新辅助化疗的疗效。 方法：回顾性分析2009年1月―2013年1月收治的63例I~III期TNBC患者临床资料,其中31例术前行新辅助化疗（新辅助化疗组）,32例行直接手术后辅助化疗（术后辅助化疗组）,新辅助化疗与术后的辅助化疗均采用蒽环类为主序贯紫杉类方案。分析新辅助化疗组患者术前获益情况,并比较两组患者术后复发转移与生存率情况。 结果：新辅助化疗组31例患者术前总获益率为100%,其中完全缓解达61.29%（19/31）;3年内发生局部复发和远处转移者新辅助化疗组13例（41.94%）,术后辅助化疗组22例（68.75%）,两组差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.585,P<0.05）。新辅助化疗组和术后辅助化疗组的3年无病生存率分别为48.38%、25.00%;5年总生存率分别为38.71%、9.78%,新辅助化疗组两者均明显优于术后辅助化疗组（χ2=4.870,P=0.027;χ2=7.469,P=0.006）。 结论：蒽环类为主序贯紫杉类方案的新辅助化疗能使TNBC患者明显获益,且远期疗效优于术后辅助化疗。

     

A case of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis syndrome secondary to high-altitude polycythemia

In recent years, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis has become the commonest cause of the nephrotic syndrome seen in adults. Secondary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is observed when glomerular workload is increased. We report a case of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with nephrotic syndrome secondary to high-altitude polycythemia (HAPC). Our case points out that for patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, who presented with nephrotic syndrome secondary to HAPC, treatments for HAPC are crucial for the reduction of proteinuria and renal protection instead of glucocorticoid and immunosuppressive drugs.     

A minimally invasive strategy for Mirizzi syndrome: the combined endoscopic and robotic approach

Background

Mirizzi syndrome (MS) is a rare complication of gallstone disease. Despite the fact that successful laparoscopic treatments have been reported, open surgery remains the gold standard approach for this disease due to technical difficulties involved.

Methods

A minimally invasive strategy combining endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and robotic surgery for the management of MS was implemented in early 2012. This consisted of a preoperative ERCP for definitive diagnosis and endoscopic stent insertion. Robotic surgical approach was used during operation to facilitate gall bladder removal and suture of defect over common duct. ERCP was repeated postoperatively for stent removal. Patient demographics and treatment outcomes were collected prospectively. A historical cohort of patients with MS who underwent conventional surgery between 1999 and 2011 was identified for comparison of treatment outcomes.

Results

Five patients with MS were managed with this strategy. Robotic subtotal cholecystectomy was successfully performed in all the patients without conversion or morbidity. When compared with a historical cohort of 17 patients who underwent surgery for MS, this group of patients had significantly less conversion and shorter hospital stay though the operation time was longer. It also showed less blood loss and less postoperative complications but these were not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Mirizzi syndrome can be effectively managed with a minimally invasive approach by adopting a robot-assisted surgery together with a planned pre- and postoperative ERCP.