从血流动力学探讨活血化瘀治疗肝炎,肝硬化和肝癌

通过对肝炎、肝硬化和肝癌患者肝内微循环血流动力学的检测,发现肝内微循环血流动力学的病变贯穿其发病过程。血流动力学病变严重的病例预后较差。故治疗肝炎、肝硬化、肝癌时应重视活血化瘀和使用促进微循环开放的中药。为了使肝内微循环灌流量增加还应考虑使用能增加心脏排出量的中药。     

Successful retrieval of dislodged paclitaxel-eluting stent with a nitinol loop snare: a case report

Coronary stent dislodgment or embolization before deployment is a rare but challenging complication in interventional cardiology. Intracoronary embolization of the dislodged stent is associated with a high risk of coronary occlusion, due to thrombus formation and subsequent myocardial infarction. Furthermore, systemic embolization may cause severe cerebrovascular events. Nonsurgical retrieval strategies for this complication have been suggested, but bailout cardiac surgery may be indicated if percutaneous retrieval attempts fail. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of intracoronary drug-eluting stent dislodgment, and successful retrieval was accomplished by a loop snare technique. With the increasing trend of using drug-eluting stents in percutaneous coronary intervention, the likelihood of stent dislodgment or embolization may increase. It should be kept in mind, especially by coronary interventionists, how to manage this complication.     

终末期肝病患者乙型肝炎病毒感染与肝祖细胞激活的关系

目的探讨终末期肝病患者乙型肝炎病毒感染与祖细胞激活和扩增的关系。方法 16例终末期慢性乙型肝炎患者的肝活检标本,以细胞角蛋白(CK7)为标记做免疫组织化学,定量分析祖细胞数目和胆管反应面积的相关性。结果全部患者均从组织学证实为肝硬化,并且炎症反应严重(炎症活动度评分12～17分)。祖细胞数目和胆管反应面积呈显著正相关。血清HBVDNA水平与祖细胞数目和胆管反应面积均显著相关。结论在终末期慢性乙型肝炎患者中,祖细胞的激活和扩增明显,HBV感染可能参与肝祖细胞的激活和扩增。     

扯根菜对肝星状细胞分泌转化生长因子-β1及I型胶原的影响

目的 观察扯根菜浸膏对活化型肝星状细胞(HSC)增殖分泌转化生长因子-β1(TGF-131)及I型胶原的影响.方法 雄性SD大鼠20只分为2组,分别以0.9%氯化钠溶液、扯根菜浸膏灌胃,3 d后采血并分离血清.HSC-T6细胞常规培养后分为对照组和扯根菜浸膏组,分别以空白大鼠血清、体积分数为0.1扯根菜浸膏药物大鼠血清的改良Eagle培养基(DMEM)培养.AlamarBlue法检测细胞活力.噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测药物细胞毒性,实时PCR检测TGF-β1及I型胶原mRNA表达,Western印迹法观察细胞TGF-β1蛋白及I型胶原表达.应用单因素方差分析,两两比较用q检验.结果 不同浓度扯根菜浸膏血清均能抑制细胞增殖.尤以体积分数为0.1扯根菜浸膏血清在24 h时对细胞的增殖抑制率最为明显(P＜0.01).与相应浓度正常血清比较,不同浓度扯根菜浸膏血清无明显细胞毒性(P＞0.05).体积分数为0.1扯根菜浸膏血清作用于HSC-T6 24 h后,其TGF-β1及I型胶原mRNA为2.790±0.174和1.213±0.099,正常血清组分别为9.827±1.429和4.053±1.005,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);10%扯根菜浸青血清作用于HSC-T6 24 h,TGF-β1及I型胶原蛋白(210×103,90× 103)表达分别为0.432±0.066、0.567±0.012和0.450±0.085,正常血清组分别为1.595±0.061、1.483±0.020和1.636±0.147,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 扯根菜浸膏能明显抑制肝星状细胞增殖及TGF-β1、I型胶原分泌.为临床治疗肝纤维化提供了实验依据.     

Epidemiologic and virologic characteristics of hepatitis B virus genotype B having the recombination with genotype C

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) isolates of genotype B (HBV/B) with or without the recombination with genotype C over the precore region plus core gene have been reported. METHODS: All the 41 HBV/B isolates having the recombination with genotype C (HBV/Ba) possessed the nucleotide 1838 of A in contrast to that of G in all 29 of those without the recombination (HBV/Bj). Taking advantage of this single nucleotide polymorphism, a restriction fragment length polymorphism method was developed that distinguished HBV/Ba from HBV/Bj. RESULTS: HBV/Bj was detected in 90 of the 97 (93%) carriers of HBV/B from Japan, whereas HBV/Ba occurred in all 177 carriers of HBV/B from other countries (China, 20; Hong Kong, 45; Taiwan, 32; Thailand, 30; Vietnam, 30; and the United States, 20 [all of an Asian ethnicity]). In a case-control study, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and the double mutation in the core promoter (T1762/A1764) were significantly more frequent in 80 carriers each of HBV/Ba than HBV/Bj (35% vs. 18%, P < 0.05 and 33% vs. 15%, P < 0.05, respectively). Differences in the prevalence of HBeAg were more conspicuous between the carriers of HBV/Bj and HBV/Ba older than 30 years (5 of 66 or 8% vs. 16 of 62 or 26%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: HBV/B having the recombination with genotype C is frequent in Asia, except in Japan, and HBeAg is more prevalent in carriers of HBV/Ba than HBV/Bj.     

大鼠部分肝移植后自体骨髓干细胞动员的研究

目的 探讨大鼠部分肝移植后骨髓干细胞动员的情况。方法 建立大鼠性别交叉部分肝移植模型，分为部分肝移植组、全肝移植组和假手术组，分别与术后1、3、5、7d取标本。用流式细胞法检测骨髓中干细胞标记的细胞群体的数量变化，荧光原位杂交检测移植肝脏内Y染色体特异的Sry基因的表达，免疫组织化学法检测移植肝脏内干细胞标志CD34，c—kit和Thy-1．1的表达。结果 与全肝移植组相比，部分肝移植组术后第1天，骨髓细胞中，β2微球蛋白（β2m）／Thy-1．1^＋，CD45^＋／CD34^＋有不同程度的升高，然后呈递减趋势。免疫组织化学检测汇管区和炎性灶周围可见CD34、c—kit和Thy-1．1单个核细胞表达，并于第5至7天后减少。同时免疫组织化学双染可检出CD34^＋／CD45^＋细胞。全肝移植组汇管区CD34、c—kit和Thy-1．1表达较少，假手术组CD34、c-kit和Thy-1．1偶见表达。在部分肝移植物可检出Sry^＋细胞，但Srg^＋／CD34^＋，Sry^＋／Thy-1．1^＋细胞较少。全肝移植组Sry^＋偶见。结论 部分肝移植中，骨髓源性的干细胞发生动员；同时肝内有干细胞被激活，其中外源性干细胞较少。     

Exhaled air dispersion and removal is influenced by isolation room size and ventilation settings during oxygen delivery via nasal cannula

Background and objective: We compared the exhaled air dispersion distances during oxygen delivery via nasal cannula to a human‐patient simulator (HPS) in two different isolation rooms. Methods: Airflow was marked with intrapulmonary smoke for visualization. Oxygen flow was gradually increased from 1 to 5 L/min, with the HPS sitting at 45°. The leakage jet plume was revealed by laser light‐sheet and images captured by high‐definition video. Smoke concentration in the plume was estimated from the light scattered by smoke particles. The experiments were conducted at a double‐door, negative pressure isolation room with a dimension of 4.1 × 5.1 × 2.6 m, pressure of ?7.4 Pa and 16 air exchanges/h (ACH) (room A). Results were compared with experiments repeated in a smaller isolation room with a dimension of 2.7 × 4.2 × 2.4 m, pressure of ?5 Pa and 12 ACH (room B). Results: Room A: an exhalation jet spread almost horizontally outward from the nostrils of the HPS to 0.66 m and 1 m towards the end of bed when oxygen flow was increased from 1 to 5 L/min respectively. Room B: there was interaction between the downward ceiling ventilation current and the exhaled air from the HPS, leading to deflection of exhaled smoke towards the head of the HPS at an oxygen flow rate of 1 L/min. As oxygen flow was increased gradually to 5 L/min, more room contamination with smoke was noted. Conclusions: Substantial exposure to exhaled air occurs within 1 m towards the end of the bed from patients receiving oxygen via nasal cannula. Room dimension and air exchange rate are important factors in preventing contamination in isolation rooms.     

结直肠息肉伴高级别瘤变内镜下切除术后复发因素的分析

目的 探讨结直肠息肉伴高级别瘤变内镜切除术后息肉复发的危险因素,为临床监测提供参考依据.方法 收集2013年7月-2017年3月该院结直肠息肉伴高级别瘤变行内镜切除术且有术后随访资料的患者67例,统计术后复发情况,并进行回顾性分析.对患者特征和可能影响术后息肉复发的相关因素[性别、年龄、体重指数(BMI)、吸烟史、饮酒...