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41.
Ulrike Haug Ingo Langner Hajo Zeeb 《Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz》2018,61(12):1500-1504
In the past decades, it has been increasingly recognized that cancer screening is not always or not exclusively beneficial and, in the case of some measures, the negative effects may even outweigh the benefits. This has fundamentally changed the significance and emphasis placed on the evaluation of cancer screening programs. Generally, there is a distinction between an endpoint evaluation, which assesses the effectiveness or risk/benefit ratio, and a process evaluation, which aims to ensure optimum implementation of the program.Prior to the nationwide introduction of a screening measure, proof of effectiveness should ideally be provided by a randomized controlled trial (RCT), in which persons without a screening offer form the control group. From a scientific point of view, this study design is by far the best method to evaluate the endpoint, as it avoids biases that may distort the results in observational studies. RCT evidence on cancer screening measures currently offered by statutory health insurance providers in Germany – if available at all – originates exclusively from other countries.When mammography screening was introduced as the first organized screening program in Germany, comprehensive measures for process evaluation were taken. In April 2013, the legal basis for the transfer of colorectal and cervical cancer screening into organized programs was created. According to the legal provisions, both a process and an endpoint evaluation are planned for the new programs. It remains to be seen how the necessary data flows will be conceptualized and later implemented in practice. 相似文献
42.
Early impact of the ICD‐10‐CM transition on selected health outcomes in 13 electronic health care databases in the United States
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Charlotte Haug John Hoey Richard Horton Sheldon Kotzin Christine Laine Ana Marusic Harold C.Sox 刁骧 《中国循证医学杂志》2006,6(3):231-232
无私和信任是人体试验研究的核心。自愿参加研究的受试者是无私的,因为他们相信自己的参与将为他人健康的改善做出贡献,也相信研究者会尽最大努力减少受试者的风险。由于受试者的无私和信任,临床研究才成为可能,因此研究机构有义务使临床研究的实施符合伦理学要求,并诚实地报道研究结果。而诚实的报道首先需要知道所有现存的临床研究,即使其结果对赞助方不利。 相似文献
45.
Laurent A.H. Tchang M.D. René D. Largo M.D. Doris Babst M.D. Reto Wettstein M.D. Martin D. Haug M.D. Daniel F. Kalbermatten M.D. Ph.D. Dirk J. Schaefer M.D. 《Microsurgery》2014,34(1):58-63
We present a salvage procedure to reconstruct the neo‐urethra after partial flap necrosis occurring in free radial forearm flap (RFF) phalloplasty for sex reassignment surgery. Two cases of tube‐in‐tube phalloplasty using a free sensate RFF are described in which partial flap necrosis occurred involving the complete length of the neo‐urethra and a strip of the outer lining of the neo‐phallus. Neo‐urethra‐reconstruction was performed with a second RFF from the contralateral side providing well‐vascularized tissue. No flap‐related complications were observed. Twelve months postoperatively, both patients were able to void while standing. A satisfactory aesthetic appearance of the neo‐phallus could be preserved with an excellent tactile and erogenous sensitivity. Using this technique, we successfully salvaged the neo‐urethra and reconstructed the outer lining of the neo‐phallus © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 34:58–63, 2013. 相似文献
46.
M B Ranke W F Blum F Haug W Rosendahl A Attanasio H Enders D Gupta J R Bierich 《Acta endocrinologica》1987,116(3):305-313
In a total of 56 children and adolescents with Turner's syndrome (41 with karyotype 45,X) basal serum levels of somatomedin bioactivity, Sm-C/IGF-I (RIA), IGF II (RIA), GH response to arginine and GHRH (GRF(1-29)NH2), and spontaneous GH secretion during 5.5 h of deep sleep were determined in a cross-sectional manner. GH responses to GRF and arginine as well as IGF-II levels were found to be in the normal range. Levels of somatomedin bioactivity were higher than normal before a bone age of 10 years, in the low-normal range thereafter, and below normal in some patients. Levels of Sm-C/IGF-I were found normal before and low-normal after a bone age of ten years. There was a trend towards increasing Sm-C/IGF-I levels with age. In contrast to the normal pattern, spontaneous sleep-related GH secretion was declining with age and did not show the puberty-associated rise. These findings suggest a normally functioning growth hormone-somatomedin axis in Turner's syndrome with alterations of its functioning level occurring secondarily as a result of absent gonadal activation. In single patients abnormally low growth hormone and/or somatomedin secretion may be present. 相似文献
47.
Five Freely Circulating miRNAs and Bone Tissue miRNAs Are Associated With Osteoporotic Fractures
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Claudine Seeliger Katrin Karpinski Alexander T Haug Helen Vester Andreas Schmitt Jan S Bauer Martijn van Griensven 《Journal of bone and mineral research》2014,29(8):1718-1728
Osteoporosis as a systemic skeletal disorder is characterized by increased bone fragility and the risk of fractures. According to the World Health Organization, osteoporosis is one of the 10 most common diseases and affects approximately 75 million people in Europe, the United States, and Japan. In this context, the identification of specific microRNA (miRNA) signatures is an important step for new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. The focus of interest on miRNAs as biomarkers came with new publications identifying free circulating extracellular miRNAs associated with various types of cancer. This study aimed to identify specific miRNAs in patients with osteoporotic fractures compared with nonosteoporotic fractures. For the array analysis, miRNAs were isolated from the serum of 20 patients with hip fractures, transcribed, and the samples were pooled into 10 osteoporotic and 10 nonosteoporotic specimens. With each pool of samples, human serum and plasma miRNA PCR arrays were performed, which are able to identify 83 different miRNAs. Subsequently, a separate validation analysis of each miRNA found to be regulated in the array followed with miRNA samples isolated from the serum of 30 osteoporotic and 30 nonosteoporotic patients and miRNA samples isolated from the bone tissue of 20 osteoporotic and 20 nonosteoporotic patients. With the validation analysis of the regulated miRNAs, we identified 9 miRNAs, namely miR‐21, miR‐23a, miR‐24, miR‐93, miR‐100, miR‐122a, miR‐124a, miR‐125b, and miR‐148a, that were significantly upregulated in the serum of patients with osteoporosis. In the bone tissue of osteoporotic patients, we identified that miR‐21, miR‐23a, miR‐24, miR‐25, miR‐100, and miR‐125b displayed a significantly higher expression. A total of 5 miRNAs display an upregulation both in serum and bone tissue. This study reveals an important role for several miRNAs in osteoporotic patients and suggested that they may be used as biomarkers for diagnostic purposes and may be a target for treating bone loss and optimizing fracture healing in osteoporotic patients. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. 相似文献
48.
49.
Michael P. Bender Jeffrey B. Aitman Simon J. Biggs Ursula Haug 《British Journal of Learning Disabilities》1983,11(4):168-169
SUMMARY: The authors describe a 69 item sexual knowledge questionnaire that covers the areas: physiology, pregnancy, the sex act, masturbation, contraception, types of sexuality, and venereal disease. There is also a ‘Belief in Myths’ scale. Mean scores for delinquent boys and young mentally handicapped adults are given, with the latter having lower scores. All areas correlate with total score. The handicapped group showed increased sexual knowledge when re-tested after a human relations course. A control group, tested after the same interval, showed only random changes. Further research is suggested. 相似文献
50.
Claudia J. Coulton Sharon Milligan Julian Chow Marie Haug 《Arthritis \u0026amp; Rheumatology》1990,3(1):19-28
Elderly individuals with self-reported joint symp-toms representing three ethnic groups (i.e., blacks [n = 105], Hispanics[n = 100], and whites of Eastern European origin [n = 112] answered questions about their use of self-care and medical care for these symptoms. Ethnic groups differed in both self-care practices and their use of medical care for joint symptoms. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that arthritis-specific and general health status were better predictors than ethnicity of the tendency to rely on self-care and medical care. There was no evidence that self-care served as a substitute for medical care. 相似文献