Cytogenetic features of Hodgkin's disease suggest possible origin from a lymphocyte

Surface marker and gene rearrangement data have supported various hypotheses about the origin of the malignant cell in Hodgkin's disease. Cytogenetic data about this disorder, however, are very scanty. To determine if any chromosomal abnormalities that could add further information to this controversial point are present, we studied tumor samples from 49 patients. Abnormal metaphases were obtained in 18 cases. The most common breakpoints were in 11q23, 14q32, 6q11-21, and 8q22-24. These are common breakpoints in lymphoma and raise the possibility that the malignant cell in Hodgkin's disease may be derived from a lymphocyte. The 11q23 breakpoint is also seen in t(4;11) and t(9;11), which is typical of a type of childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia characterized by the presence of aberrant myeloid and monocytic markers. Myeloid and monocytic markers are common in Reed-Sternberg cells.     

Current concepts on ultradian rhythms of luteinizing hormone secretion in the human

A cardinal physiological feature of anterior pituitary hormonesecretion is its pulsatile mode of signalling to remote targettissues. The pulsatile release of anterior pituitary hormonesis orchestrated by episodic neuronal activation of hypothalamiccontrol centres, which release relevant effector molecules intermittently.The anterior pituitary gland in turn secretes hormones in ultradianbursts, and thereby communicates with and governs the functionof peripheral target organs. In the case of the reproductiveaxis, the release of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH)from the hypothalamus in intermittent secretory bursts is aprimary neural determinant of pulsatile gonadotrophin [luteinizinghormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)] secretion.In men, women and pubertal children, the pulsatile mode of GnRHrelease is critical for sustained physiological function ofgonadotroph cells and is an absolute prerequisite for reproductivecapability. Furthermore, various clinical pathophysiologicalstates, such as inadequate nutrient intake, stress and uraemia,may dramatically impair the pulsatile release of gonadotrophichormones. Here, we review some recent studies in reproductive(neuro)endocrinology that illustrate physiological regulationand pathophysiological disruption of pulsatile LH signallingin the human. Keywords: FSH/gonadotrophin/LH/men/pulsatile/women     

颅内动脉瘤患者血清蛋白组变化的研究

【目的】寻找颅内动脉瘤患者血清中表达差异的蛋白。【方法】采集12例血清蛋白样本(颅内动脉瘤患者4例、脑挫裂伤患者4例及正常成人本4例)用不同的CyDye染料交叉标记后依次进行双向胶内差异凝胶电泳(2-DDIGE)、图像分析及基质辅助激光解析离子化飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)鉴定。【结果】发现胶号为1119的蛋白质点,在颅内动脉瘤患者血清中比正常成人组表达升高1.82倍(P<0.05),而在脑挫裂伤患者血清中与正常成人的表达差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。该蛋白点经质谱鉴定为结合珠蛋白。【结论】结合珠蛋白在颅内动脉瘤患者血清中表达升高,可能参与了颅内动脉瘤的形成及扩张。     

Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Malaysian children: Evidence for ethnic differences in childhood

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in healthy Malaysian children and to discover whether differences exist among children of different races. METHODS: Serum samples from asymptomatic children tested for H. pylori seropositivity using an ELISA test. RESULTS: Five hundred and fourteen healthy urban Malaysian children aged 0.5 to 17 (mean 5.9) years from three different racial groups had their blood tested for H. pylori antibodies. The overall prevalence was 10.3%. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of infection between boys and girls, but a significant rise was noted with increasing age (P = 0.009). Seropositivity was most common in the Indians and lowest in the Malays (P = 0.001). Father's level of education did not affect the child's rate of H. pylori seropositivity. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of H. pylori seropositivity among asymptomatic urban Malaysian children is lowest in Malays. Intermediate in Chinese and highest in Indians. The racial differences found in children are consistent with those found in Malaysian adults.     

腹腔镜下止血设备新进展

目的为提高血管闭合性能、手术效果和临床结局,市场上研发了许多新式的血管闭合系统。在微创手术中,爆破压、横向热扩散、闭合率和故障率是选择器备并获得最理想手术效果的重要考虑参数。本文详细介绍多种新式止血设备的物理学原理和基本运行机制,并回顾相关文献评价各个设备的优缺点。     

Sequential introduction of single room isolation and hand hygiene campaign in the control of methicillin-resistant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Staphylococcus aureus</Emphasis> in intensive care unit

Background  

After renovation of the adult intensive care unit (ICU) with installation of ten single rooms, an enhanced infection control program was conducted to control the spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in our hospital.     

Prevalence and determinants of child maltreatment among high school students in Southern China: A large scale school based survey

Background  

Child maltreatment can cause significant physical and psychological problems. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and determinants of child maltreatment in Guangzhou, China, where such issues are often considered a taboo subject.     

芫花叶中的新木脂素内酯

前文已从芫花Daphne genkwa Sieb.et Zucc.的干燥叶中分离鉴定了七个黄酮类化合物,本文报道晶ⅩⅤ的化学结构。晶ⅩⅤ,mp118～119.5℃,峰匹配法测定其分子式为C_(20)H_(16)O_7(M~ ,368.08631),[α]_D-64.8°。红外光谱中1760cm~(-1)吸收峰和核磁共振碳谱中δ176.6共振信号揭示晶ⅩⅤ     

Clinical evaluation of scanning laser polarimetry: II Polar profile shape analysis

AIMS—To devise a method to describe and quantify the shape of polar profiles obtained with the scanning laser polarimeter and to compare this measurement with other polar profile measurements in a series of normal subjects and glaucoma patients.
METHODS—Scanning laser polarimetry was performed on 54 normal subjects and 74 glaucoma patients. The retardation values obtained from one randomly chosen eye of each subject were analysed using our own methods, including the use of an algorithm to remove blood vessels from the polar profiles, an algorithm to standardise the glaucoma profiles to a normal database, and a further algorithm to evaluate the profile shape. The measurements of profile shape were compared with measurements of the absolute and standardised retinal nerve fibre layer thickness obtained with the scanning laser polarimeter.
RESULTS—There was no significant difference between the mean retardation values for the normal and glaucomatous subjects in either hemiretina. However, standardisation of the glaucoma retardation values to a normal database produced significant differences at p <1 × 10⁻⁸ in the mean retardation values for these two groups in both hemiretinas. Profile shape measurement analysis produced similar significant differences between the mean retardation values for the normal and glaucomatous subjects in both hemiretinas, although the degree of separation was greater following standardisation of the retardation values.
CONCLUSION—The use of an algorithm to standardise an individual's retardation values in conjunction with a blood vessel removal algorithm enables an improvement in the ability of the scanning laser polarimeter to discriminate between normal and glaucomatous patients. The polar profile shape algorithm is independent of standardisation and significantly improves the discrimination between normal and glaucomatous patients, as well as providing additional information regarding the retinal nerve fibre layer.

Keywords: scanning laser polarimetry; glaucoma; profile shape analysis