柔肝散结法对肝癌大鼠肿瘤细胞抑制作用的研究

目的:观察柔肝散结法对肝癌大鼠肿瘤细胞的抑制作用。方法:40只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为空白组、模型组、青消方组、青消方防治组(简称防治组),每组10只。除空白组外,其余3组大鼠均以含0·05%2-AAF的饲料喂养12周,防治组在诱癌的同时,灌服青消方。青消方组于诱癌第4周开始给药,剂量均为25g/kg·d-1。12周末采用ELISA及免疫组织化学检测方法,对增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)等指标进行检测。结果:青消方组、防治组均能缩小肝癌大鼠瘤体积、减轻瘤重量、降低血清VEGF和TNF-α含量及组织VEGF和PCNA相对含量。防治组明显优于青消方组。结论:柔肝散结中药青消方对肝癌大鼠肿瘤细胞具有抑制作用,肝癌应早期诊治,防治结合。     

HIV generations? Generational discourse in interviews with Australian general practitioners and their HIV positive gay male patients

The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is typically represented as a turning point in the social and medical history of HIV/AIDS, leading to a conceptual division into pre- and post-HAART eras. This paper explores how generational discourse is produced in interviews with general practitioners (GPs) and their HIV positive gay male patients in making sense of this moment and related changes in the Australian HIV epidemic. A theme of ‘HIV generations’ was identified in in-depth interviews with GPs who have HIV medication prescribing rights (based in Sydney, Adelaide and rural-coastal New South Wales) and the HIV positive gay men who attend their practices. In a closer analysis, generational discourse was identified across the interviews with GPs, characterising pre- and post-HAART HIV generations through three main features: treatment histories, socioeconomic status, and modes of survivorship. While generational discourse was less common in the accounts of HIV positive gay men, many of their examples wove together two narrative forms – ‘a different time’ and ‘difference today’ – suggesting that concepts of time and inequity are deeply embedded in these men’s understandings of the HIV experience. Our analysis indicates that generational concepts play a significant role in shaping both professional and ‘lay’ understandings of changes and patterns in the HIV epidemic.     

新疆生产建设兵团1998-2008年慢性非传染性疾病的变化趋势分析

目的 了解新疆生产建设兵团(兵团)1998-2008年慢性非传染性疾病(慢病)患病率的变化趋势.方法 采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法 对兵团常住居民进行慢病横断面调查,同时利用1998、2004年两次兵团卫生服务调查慢病相关资料.按1998年调查人口年龄构成进行标化,计算标准化患病率.结果 1998、2004和2008年兵团慢病患病率分别为17.26%、25.61%和24.85%,标准化患病率分别为17.26%、23.54%和20.49%.35～、45～、55～、≥65岁年龄组在1998、2004和2008年的慢病患病率差异均有统计学意义,且呈逐年上升趋势;1998-2008年兵团居民中高血压病、糖尿病、脑血管疾病、冠心病、慢性阻塞性肺部疾病(COPD)的患病率增加较明显;按不同年龄组分析,高血压病在≥35岁组,糖尿病在≥45岁组,冠心病和脑血管疾病在≥55岁组的患病率呈逐年增加趋势.结论 心脑血管疾病、糖尿病是兵团近10年来上升速度较快的慢病,已成为危害兵团居民健康的主要疾病,人口老龄化是主要原因.     

白炽灯结合百克瑞与外科换药对刃厚皮片植皮术后创面的疗效比较

目的探讨和比较白炽灯照射结合外用百克瑞喷剂治疗与外科换药治疗刃厚皮片植皮术后残余小创面的疗效。方法选择2005年7月至2009年7月笔者所在医院收治的32例刃厚皮片植皮术后存在残余小创面（单个小创面面积小于9cm^2）患者,将其随机分成两组,并分别采用白炽灯照射结合外用百克瑞喷剂治疗与外科换药治疗创面,记录各患者创面完全愈合所用天数,并比较两种方法的疗效差异。结果白炽灯治疗组患者创面完全愈合所用时间明显短于普通换药组,差异有统计学意义。结论白炽灯持续照射并外用百克瑞喷剂治疗刃厚皮片植皮后残余小创面疗效明显优于普通外科换药。     

Evolutionary selection associated with the multi-function of overlapping genes in the hepatitis B virus

It is a challenge to understand the discrete roles of each point mutation in viral evolution, but overlapping genes provide an excellent entrance for the investigation of this complicated process. We obtained 132 sequences from the largest overlapping region in the HBV genome. Based on the genetic divergence between genotypes B and C, we distinguished a set of related footprint mutations that are believed to be responsible for historical selection events. Examining the mutations in the functional domains, we found that the virus has adopted a coherent strategy in its evolutionary process that can be summarized as follows: (1) the distribution of mutations was non-random throughout the overlapping region, and more mutations were preserved in the sequence when one of the genes was under relaxed selection; (2) the viral domains were subject to different selective pressures; for instance, the PreS1 domain underwent a strict selection, whereas the overlapped Spacer domain was relatively relaxed with obvious tolerance of non-synonymous mutations with a high dN/dS ratio; (3) different selective pressures on two codon sites ultimately determined that every mutation persevered at a proper position. Taken together, the functional constraints of protein domains are believed to be primarily responsible for the different selection patterns exhibited by the distribution of mutations and amino acid changes in the region where overlapping genes reside.     

双手微小切口白内障超声乳化术术后视觉质量分析

目的:行双手超声乳化白内障摘除联合1.4mm微小切口人工晶状体植入术治疗白内障与同轴超声乳化白内障手术的效果对比。方法:本文选择年龄相关性白内障160例(160眼),年龄48~82(平均69±7.8)岁。男84例,女76例。随机分为两组,每组80眼。Ⅰ组:应用白星技术(WHITE STAR),采用双手超声乳化白内障摘除联合1.4mm微小切口人工晶状体(Acri.Smart46s)植入术。Ⅱ组:应用同轴超声乳化白内障摘除术联合3.0mm切口单片式折叠人工晶状体(AMOSenser)植入。观察术后1d、1wk的术后并发症、术后视力、屈光状态情况。结果:所有患者术中前房稳定,均无切口热灼伤等并发症。术后1d及1wk视力情况:裸眼视力>0.5的术眼比例Ⅰ组分别为55.0%,81.0%,Ⅱ组分别为34.0%,50.0%。术前及术后1wk散光情况:Ⅰ组分别为0.52±0.28D和0·56±0.32D,Ⅱ组分别为0.49±0.31D和0.72±0.43D,每组术前术后散光度数比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。两组术后1wk散光度数比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:与3.0mm切口组相比,双手微小切口白内障超声乳化术后反应轻,恢复快,散光少,视力提高快。     

葛根素对培养的晶状体上皮细胞氧化损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨过氧亚硝基阴离子(ONOO-)对培养的兔晶状体上皮细胞(LEC)造成的影响以及葛根素(Pur)的对抗作用.方法 为实验研究.原代培养兔LEC,将其第3或第4代用作实验.实验分为:(1)对照组:加入无热源生理盐水200 μl.(2)ONOO-组:加入ONOO-200 μl使之终浓度为0.5 mmol/L.(3)Pur组:同时加入5 μg/ml ONOO- 和10μg/ml的Pur.各组加入试剂总容积为200 μl,继续培养24 h.收集细胞分别用免疫荧光技术检测ONOO-的标记物硝基酪氨酸(NT)在LEC中的抗原表达变化;免疫印迹法检测晶状体组织中NT蛋白表达变化;光学显微镜观察细胞形态;基因组DNA电泳、流式细胞仪和Fas/FasL免疫组织化学染色检测细胞凋亡.采用单因素方差分析和q检验对数据进行分析.结果 实验6～24 h期间,对照组LEC呈现绿色荧光;ONOO-组:LEC颜色逐渐由黄绿色转变为橘黄色荧光;Pur组LEC颜色逐渐由淡绿色转变为淡黄色和淡黄绿色荧光;对照组NT蛋白质表达极微弱;ONOO-组:实验各期均有NT蛋白质表达,且呈由弱到强的趋势(A值为77.22±2.44,145.00±3.94,235.78±5.97).Pur组实验6 h表达微弱(A值为72.78±2.64),12 h表达增强(A值为84.94±3.01),但至24 h表达强度减弱(A值为74.44±3.00);计算机图像分析表明,实验6、12及24 h,3组NT蛋白质平均表达水平比较,差异有统计学意义.对照组细胞形态和基因组DNA电泳正常,流式细胞仪检查可见极轻微凋亡,但细胞膜和细胞浆均未见Fas/Fas L的表达;ONOO-组出现了明显的细胞形态改变,基因组DNA电泳可见典型的"梯形条带",随时间延长细胞凋亡逐渐加重(q=78.12,82.76,69.98,P＜0.01)并可见Fas/Fas L的表达;而Pur组细胞形态、基因组DNA电泳以及流式细胞仪检查大致正常,未见Fas/Fas L的表达.结论 葛根素可减轻ONOO-所致培养的LEC凋亡.Fas/Fas L信号转导途径可能影响并加强了ONOO-介导的LEC的凋亡过程.     

豚鼠形觉剥夺性近视眼视网膜Müller细胞中bFGF的表达

目的 观察视网膜Müller细胞中碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)在豚鼠形觉剥夺性近视(FDM)中的表达,进一步探讨近视眼的发病机制.方法 用半透明眼罩遮盖法建立豚鼠FDM模型;采用玻璃体腔注射L-α-氨基己二酸(L-α-AAA)破坏视网膜Müller细胞,观察其对豚鼠FDM形成的影响.视网膜检影验光测屈光度,A型超声测量眼轴长度.免疫组织化学法观察bFGF在视网膜Müller细胞中的表达.结果 遮盖眼与对照眼相比,产生了相对性近视(P＜0.05),眼轴增长(P＜0.05);去遮盖后,近视度数降低(P＜0.05);破坏视网膜Müller细胞后,近视度数较单纯遮盖眼降低(P＜0.05).近视眼与对照眼相比,视网膜Müller细胞中bFGF表达减弱.结论 视网膜Müller细胞可能参与了FDM形成的调控;视网膜Müller细胞中bFGF的表达可能与FDM有关.     

射干的化学成分研究(Ⅰ)

从射干Ｂｅｌａｍｃａｎｄａｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ根茎的乙醇提取氯仿溶解部分分得９个已知化合物。经理化常数和光谱分析确定为野鸢尾黄素，白射干素，次野鸢尾黄素，３－豆甾烷醇，茶叶花宁，鸢尾甙元，β－谷甾醇（Ⅶ），３＇，４＇，５，７－四羟基－８－甲氧基－异黄酮和八聚异戊二烯类化合物。     

皖贝母试管鳞茎诱导技术的研究

目的：研究离体条件下皖贝母试管鳞茎诱导的最佳培养条件。方法：以单块愈伤组织分化形成的鳞茎个数和鲜重为指标，考察蔗糖浓度、水杨酸、活性炭和5 ℃低温预培养对皖贝母试管鳞茎的形成和生长的影响。结果：50 g·L-1的蔗糖处理形成的鳞茎个数和鲜重都极显著高于其他处理，水杨酸对试管鳞茎的形成具有抑制作用，以 5 g·L-1的活性炭处理形成鳞茎个数和鲜重优于其他处理，5 ℃低温预培养30～40 d对试管鳞茎的形成和膨大效果最好。结论：低温预培养30～40 d的皖贝母愈伤组织，接种于MS+KT 2 mg·L-1+NAA 2 mg·L-1+50 g·L-1蔗糖+5 g·L-1活性炭的培养基中，鳞茎形成和生长发育效果最佳。