分裂样精神病与精神分裂症临床特征对照分析

目的探讨分裂样精神病与精神分裂症的临床特征,为分裂样精神病分类与诊断提供依据。方法将112例首次发病诊断为分裂样精神病患者,按病程达1mo痊愈否分为分裂样精神病组(痊愈者)43例,精神分裂症组(未愈者)69例,于入院初1w内开始收集入组患者的阳性家族史,Schneider一级症状的频度等临床资料,采用简明精神病量表评定精神症状,根据DSM-Ⅳ分别标明是否伴有预后良好的4项特征。结果分裂样精神病组简明精神病量表评分关心健康、焦虑、敌对、猜疑及定向障碍因子分显著高于精神分裂症组(P<0.01),而动作迟缓、情感平淡、不合作因子分显著低于精神分裂症组(P<0.05或0.01);4项预后良好特征及患者合作率均显著高于精神分裂症组(P<0.01);初诊前症状持续的平均时间及同一患者Schneider一级症状≥2条的频率均显著低于精神分裂症组(P<0.01)。结论分裂样精神病仅用病程标准区别于精神分裂症而不附加上述的内涵特征,则可能会包含异源性患者。     

健康教育干预在慢性病防治中的作用

目的探讨健康教育干预在慢性病防治中的作用。方法根据干部体检结果,对该人群采取了健康教育干预,尤其对其中确诊的812例高血压、753例心电图异常、691例高脂血症、289例糖尿病、218例糖耐量异常及143例高尿酸血症患者(以上称慢病跟踪组)进行了规范化管理和治疗,2年后复检,并对有关项目的检查进行对比。结果干预后该人群高血压、心电图异常、高脂血症、糖尿病及糖耐量异常的发生明显下降,χ2值分别为7.32、4.36、7.53、7.63、8.35(P<0.01、0.05);慢病跟踪组通过行为加药物的干预性治疗,高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病等平均控制达标率为80%以上。结论健康教育干预是预防慢性病的重要策略和有效手段。     

Evaluation of physician experience in achieving non-perfused volume ratio of high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation for uterine fibroids: a multicentre study

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of different levels of physician experience on the high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation of uterine fibroids and to provide a reference for the use of non-perfused volume ratio (NPVR) standards during training.MethodsThis prospective multicentre study enrolled patients with uterine fibroids. The effect of the physician’s level of experience on the outcomes under different NPVR standards and the learning curve of six centres without HIFU experience were analysed. The impact of patient demographic and clinical characteristics were also evaluated.ResultsA total of 1352 patients from 20 centres were included in the study. The median NPVRs were 92.00%, 88.10% and 92.86% in the no experience group, inexperienced group and experienced group, respectively. Posterior wall fibroids, lateral wall fibroids and fundus fibroids were inversely correlated with NPVR, while experienced physicians were positively correlated with NPVR. With NPVR ≥ 70% and NPVR ≥ 80% standards, physicians in the no experience group completed the learning curve on the 11th and 16th procedure, respectively. Physicians under a standard of an NPVR ≥ 90% did not complete the learning curve.ConclusionsNPVR ≥ 80% is a standard that is worth using for HIFU treatment of uterine fibroids.     

Intraoperative choroidal detachment during small-gauge vitrectomy: analysis of causes,anatomic, and visual outcomes

IntroductionTo investigate the incidence and causes of intraoperative choroidal detachment (CD) during small-gauge vitrectomy, as well as the anatomic and visual outcomes.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 1026 consecutive patients who underwent small-gauge vitrectomy from June 2017 to December 2018 at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Guangzhou, China. Data on the presence, location, and extent of intraoperative CD and its relationship to the infusion cannula were collected. Patient demographic characteristics and postoperative anatomic and visual outcomes were also assessed.ResultsA total of six cases were found to have intraoperative CD, including two with serous CD, three with limited haemorrhagic CD, and one with CD caused by inadvertent perfusion of gas during air/fluid exchange. Retraction of the infusion cannula and acute ocular hypotony were found to be the main causes of intraoperative CD in five out of the six cases. The best-corrected visual acuity of all cases significantly improved after the surgery.ConclusionThe incidence of intraoperative CD during small-gauge vitrectomy is low; the predominant causes are retraction of the infusion cannula and acute ocular hypotony. Immediate awareness and timely closure of the incision may contribute to a better surgical prognosis.Subject terms: Uveal diseases, Diseases     

Proteomic analysis of the effects of caffeine in a neonatal rat model of hypoxic‐ischemic white matter damage

AimWhite matter damage (WMD) is the main cause of cerebral palsy and cognitive impairment in premature infants. Although caffeine has been shown to possess neuroprotective effects in neonatal rats with hypoxic‐ischemic WMD, the mechanisms underlying these protective effects are unclear. Herein, proteins modulated by caffeine in neonatal rats with hypoxic‐ischemic WMD were evaluated.MethodsWe identified differential proteins and performed functional enrichment analyses between the Sham, hypoxic‐ischemic WMD (HI), and HI+caffeine‐treated WMD (Caffeine) groups. Confirmed the changes and effect of proteins in animal models and determined cognitive impairment via water maze experiments.ResultsIn paraventricular tissue, 47 differential proteins were identified between the Sham, HI, and Caffeine groups. Functional enrichment analyses showed that these proteins were related to myelination and axon formation. In particular, the myelin basic protein (MBP), proteolipid protein, myelin‐associated glycoprotein precursor, and sirtiun 2 (SIRT2) levels were reduced in the hypoxic‐ischemic WMD group, and this effect could be prevented by caffeine. Caffeine alleviated the hypoxic‐ischemic WMD‐induced cognitive impairment and improved MBP, synaptophysin, and postsynaptic density protein 95 protein levels after hypoxic‐ischemic WMD by preventing the HI‐induced downregulation of SIRT2; these effects were subsequently attenuated by the SIRT2 inhibitor AK‐7.ConclusionCaffeine may have clinical applications in the management of prophylactic hypoxic‐ischemic WMD; its effects may be mediated by proteins related to myelin development and synapse formation through SIRT2.     

Differential Associations of Intakes of Whole Grains and Coarse Grains with Risks of Cardiometabolic Factors among Adults in China

There is a lack of studies on the association between whole grain intake and cardiometabolic risk factors in China and the current definition of whole grains is inconsistent. This study defined whole grains in two ways, Western versus traditional, and examined their associations with the risks of major cardiometabolic factors (CMFs) among 4706 Chinese adults aged ≥18 years, who participated in surveys both in 2011 and in 2015. Diet data were collected by consecutive 3 d 24 h recalls, together with household seasoning weighing. Whole grains were defined as grains with a ratio of fiber to carbohydrate of ≥0.1, while coarse grains were defined as grains except for rice and its products, and wheat and its products. Multivariable logistic regressions were modeled to analyze the associations of intakes of whole grains and coarse grains, respectively, with risks of major CMFs including obesity-, blood pressure-, blood glucose- and lipid-related factors, which were defined by International Diabetes Federation and AHA/NHLBI criteria. After adjusting for potential confounders, the odds of elevated LDL-C decreased with the increasing intake levels of whole grains (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.46–0.88, p-trend < 0.05). Moreover, adults with the whole grain intake of 50.00 to 150.00 g/day had 27% lower odds of overweight and obesity (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.54–0.99) and 31% lower odds of elevated LDL-C (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.49–0.96), as compared with non-consumers. In conclusion, given the significant nutrient profiles of whole grains and coarse grains, the adults with higher intakes of whole grains only may have a lower risk of LDL-C and overweight and obesity.     

Contribution Ratio Assessment of Process Parameters on Robotic Milling Performance

Robotic milling has broad application prospects in many processing fields. However, the milling performance of a robot in a certain posture, such as in face milling or grooving tasks, is extremely sensitive to process parameters due to the influence of the serial structure of the robot system. Improper process parameters are prone to produce machining defects such as low surface quality. These deficiencies substantially decrease the further application development of robotic milling. Therefore, this paper selected a certain posture and carried out the robotic flat-end milling experiments on a 7075-T651 high-strength aeronautical aluminum alloy under dry conditions. Milling load, surface quality and vibration were selected to assess the influence of process parameters like milling depth, spindle speed and feed rate on the milling performance. Most notably, the contribution ratio based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was introduced to statistically investigate the relation between parameters and milling performance. The obtained results show that milling depth is highly significant in milling load, which had a contribution ratio of 69.25%. Milling depth is also highly significant in vibration, which had a contribution ratio of 51.41% in the X direction, 41.42% in the Y direction and 75.97% in the Z direction. Moreover, the spindle speed is highly significant in surface roughness, which had a contribution ratio of 48.02%. This present study aims to quantitatively evaluate the influence of key process parameters on robotic milling performance, which helps to select reasonable milling parameters and improve the milling performance of the robot system. It is beneficial to give full play to the advantages of robots and present more possibilities of robot applications in machining and manufacturing.     

PRRSV Induces HMGB1 Phosphorylation at Threonine-51 Residue to Enhance Its Secretion

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) induces secretion of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) to mediate inflammatory response that is involved in the pulmonary injury of infected pigs. Our previous study indicates that protein kinase C-delta (PKC-delta) is essential for HMGB1 secretion in PRRSV-infected cells. However, the underlying mechanism in HMGB1 secretion induced by PRRSV infection is still unclear. Here, we discovered that the phosphorylation level of HMGB1 in threonine residues increased in PRRSV-infected cells. A site-directed mutagenesis study showed that HMGB1 phosphorylation at threonine-51 was associated with HMGB1 secretion induced by PRRSV infection. Co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) of HMGB1 failed to precipitate PKC-delta, but interestingly, mass spectrometry analysis of the HMGB1 co-IP product showed that PRRSV infection enhanced HMGB1 binding to ribosomal protein S3 (RPS3), which has various extra-ribosomal functions. The silencing of RPS3 by siRNA blocked HMGB1 secretion induced by PRRSV infection. Moreover, the phosphorylation of HMGB1 at threonine-51 was correlated with the interaction between HMGB1 and RPS3. In vivo, PRRSV infection also increased RPS3 levels and nuclear accumulation in pulmonary alveolar macrophages. These results demonstrate that PRRSV may induce HMGB1 phosphorylation at threonine-51 and increase its interaction with RPS3 to enhance HMGB1 secretion. This finding provides insights into the pathogenesis of PRRSV infection.     

Multiscale Analogue Modelling of Clinching Process to Investigate Thickness Tolerance and Tool Misalignment

NEED—The effect of dimensional variability of sheet thickness (tolerance) and tool misalignment is poorly understood for the clinching process. Finite element analysis (FEA) is valuable but requires a lot of and is difficult to verify in this situation due to the asymmetrical geometry and nonlinear plasticity. OBJECTIVE—The objective of this work was to determine the effect of thickness tolerance, tool misalignment and sheet placement (top vs. bottom) in the clinching process, by use of analogue modelling with plasticine. METHOD—Experiments used a scaled-up punch and die, with plasticine as the analogue. Thickness tolerances were represented by sheet thicknesses of 11 and 7 mm, 12 and 8 mm, 8 and 12 mm and 13 and 9 mm for upper and lower sheets, respectively. Two types of lubricant were tested between sheets: glycerine and silicone oil. Angular variability was also introduced. Measured parameters were interlock (also called undercut) and neck thickness. Analogue results for deformation were compared with microscopy of metal clinching. FINDINGS—The results reveal that the multiscale analogue model is an efficient tool for studying the effect of dimensional deviation on a clinch joint. Thickness tolerance showed a critical relationship with interlock, namely a reduction to about half that of the nominal, for both maximum and least material conditions. Increased angular misalignment also reduced the interlock. Compared with glycerine, silicone oil tests showed reduced interlock, possibly the result of a lower coefficient of friction. ORIGINALITY—This work demonstrates the usefulness of analogue modelling for exploring process variability in clinching. The results also show that significant effects for sheet placement are ductility, lubricant (friction), thickness of samples and tool misalignment.