GOS Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced by High Fat and High Sugar Diet through Lipid Metabolism and Intestinal Microbes

The treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains very challenging. This study investigated the therapeutic effect of galactose oligosaccharide (GOS), an important prebiotic, on NAFLD through in vivo and in vitro experiments and preliminarily explored the mechanism by which GOS improves liver lipid metabolism and inflammation through liver and intestinal microbiological analysis. The results of mouse liver lipidomics showed that GOS could promote body thermogenesis in mice with high-fat and high-sugar diet (HFHSD)-induced NAFLD, regulate lipolysis in liver fat cells, and accelerate glycine and cholesterol metabolism. GOS dose-dependently reduced the contents of total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) in cells and reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets in cells. GOS also reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and altered the composition of the intestinal microbiota in mice fed a HFHSD. GOS can improve liver lipid metabolism and intestinal structure of NAFLD. These results provide a theoretical and experimental basis supporting the use of GOS as a health food with anti-NAFLD functions.     

Effect of Calcium Carbide Residue on Strength Development along with Mechanisms of Cement-Stabilized Dredged Sludge

The purpose of this research is to explore the feasibility of using calcium carbide residue (CCR), a by-product from acetylene gas production, as a solid alkaline activator on the strength development in CCR–Portland cement-stabilized dredged sludge (CPDS). The effects of cement content, CCR content and curing time on the strength development of CPDS were investigated using a series of unconfined compressive strength (UCS), pH and electric conductivity (EC) tests. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses were performed to gain additional insight into the mechanism of strength development. Meanwhile, the carbon footprints of CPDS were calculated. Following the results, it was found that CCR can significantly improve the strength of cemented dredged sludge. On the basis of the strength difference (ΔUCS) and strength growth rate (UCS_gr), it was recommended that utilizing 20% cement with the addition of 20% CCR is the most effective way to develop the long-term strength of CPDS. In addition, the microstructural analysis verified that the optimum proportion of CCR benefits the formation of hydration products in CPDS, particularly needle-like gel ettringite, resulting in a less-porous and dense inter-locked structure. Furthermore, the solidification mechanism of CPDS was discussed and revealed. Finally, it was confirmed that CCR can be a sustainable alternative and effective green alkaline activator for the aim of improving cemented dredged sludge.     

大鼠坐骨神经缺损半个月后人工组织神经移植物修复的实验研究

为了观察人工组织神经移植物对大鼠坐骨神经非新鲜损伤的修复作用。我们在成年SD大鼠左侧股中部切除部分坐骨神经制造神经缺损模型。15d后,实验组(9只)用人工组织神经移植物修复神经缺损,自体神经修复作为阳性对照(6只),保持神经缺损为阴性对照(6只)。第二次手术后3个月,电生理学、形态学结果显示实验组的再生神经虽略差于自体对照组,但明显优于缺损对照组,腓肠肌的萎缩形态学指标变化则较接近自体对照组。实验结果表明人工组织神经移植物对已缺损15d的大鼠周围神经具有较好修复作用。     

Intraoperative malignant glaucoma during femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery: A case report

Rationale:Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) has grown in popularity among ophthalmologists as a novel surgical technique. However, malignant glaucoma (MG) is a complication of FLACS. Herein, we report a case of MG following FLACS.Patient concerns:A 66-year-old woman presented with complaints of blurred vision in the right eye and a foreign body sensation in both eyes. Ophthalmological examinations showed that the corrected distance visual acuity was 20/50 and 20/25 in the right and left eyes, respectively. Without any topical anti-glaucoma medication, the intraocular pressure (IOP) was 20 mmHg in the right eye and 17 mmHg in the left eye. Slit-lamp examination of the right eye revealed a transparent cornea with a defect in the punctate overlying epithelium; the central anterior chamber depth was shallow the peripheral iris laser shot was visible, the pupil was normal, and the lens was mainly cortical opacified.Diagnoses:Based on the patient''s symptoms, examination results, and preliminary diagnoses, age-related cataract in the right eye, binocular post-antiglaucoma surgery, pseudophakicin in the left eye, and Sjogren syndrome were included.Interventions:FLACS was performed to facilitate anterior capsulotomy and segmentation of the nucleus in the right eye. MG occurred after the femtosecond procedure, and with the treatment of medicines combined with phacoemulsification, IOP was eventually normal without further antiglaucoma therapy.Outcomes:IOP was 16 mmHg on postoperative day 1. Ocular ultrasonography revealed no choroid detachment or hemorrhage in the right eye. Two weeks postoperatively, uncorrected visual acuity was 20/25, and IOP remained normal with no further antiglaucoma treatment on 1 month postoperatively.Conclusions:We describe the occurrence of MG after FLACS and illustrate that miosis and bubble formation after FLACS may be risk factors for MG during FLACS.     

Displaced proximal humerus fractures treated with ORIF via the deltoid interfascicular approach vs the deltopectoral approach: A prospective case-control study

Background:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes and complications of displaced proximal humeral fractures treated with proximal humeral internal locking system (PHILOS) plate fixation via a deltoid interfascicular (DI) vs a deltopectoral (DP) approach.Methods:This prospective case-control study was conducted with patients admitted to our hospital from May 2015 to June 2018 who suffered from unilateral displaced proximal humerus fractures. Patients were treated with PHILOS plate fixation via a DI (DI group) or DP approach (DP group). The clinical outcomes and complication data were collected for comparison between the 2 groups. The patients were followed up at 3, 6, and 12 months; and every 6 months thereafter. The patients’ functional recoveries were evaluated according to the normalized Constant-Murley score, range of motion of the shoulder (flexion, abduction, external/internal rotation) and disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand score.Results:A total of 77 patients, followed for an average of 15 ± 2.2months (range, 12–21), were enrolled (36 in DI group and 41 in DP group) for final analysis. No significant differences in age, sex, affected side, fracture type, injury mechanism or time from injury to operation were found between the 2 groups (all P > .05). The incision length, intra-operative blood loss, and duration of operation in the DI group were significantly less than those in the DP group, respectively (all P < .05). The functional outcomes assessed by the normalized Constant-Murley score and range of motion of flexion and internal rotation in the DI group were superior to those in the DP group at 3 and 6months after the operation (P < .05); however, no significant differences were observed at the 12-month and subsequent follow-ups (all P > .05). There was no significant difference in the range of shoulder external rotation and abduction during the postoperative follow-ups (P > .05). At the last follow-up, the mean disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand score was 14.0 (6.6) points in the DI group and 14.4 (6.9) points in the DP group (P = .793). Complications occurred in 1 patient in the DI group and 8 patients in the DP group (P = .049).Conclusion:The current study demonstrates that DI approach is a safe and effective alternative for the treatment displaced proximal humerus fractures. The DI approach rather than DP approach was recommended when lateral and posterior exposure of the proximal humerus is required, especially when fixed with PHILOS plate.     

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy endows CD9 with prognostic value that differs between tumor and stromal areas in patients with pancreatic cancer

BackgroundThe selective pressure imposed by chemotherapy creates a barrier to tumor eradication and an opportunity for metastasis and recurrence. As a newly discovered stemness marker of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the impact of CD9 on tumor progression and patient''s prognosis remain controversial.MethodsA total of 179 and 211 PDAC patients who underwent surgical resection with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy, respectively, were recruited for immunohistochemical analyses of CD9 expression in both tumor and stromal areas prior to statistical analyses to determine the prognostic impact and predictive accuracy of CD9.ResultsThe relationship between CD9 and prognostic indicators was not significant in the non‐neoadjuvant group. Nevertheless, CD9 expression in both tumor (T‐CD9) and stromal areas (S‐CD9) was significantly correlated with the clinicopathological features in the neoadjuvant group. High levels of T‐CD9 were significantly associated with worse OS (p = 0.005) and RFS (p = 0.007), while positive S‐CD9 showed the opposite results (OS: p = 0.024; RFS: p = 0.008). Cox regression analyses identified CD9 in both areas as an independent prognostic factor. The T&S‐CD9 risk‐level system was used to stratify patients with different survival levels. The combination of T&S‐CD9 risk level and TNM stage were accurate predictors of OS (C‐index: 0.676; AIC: 512.51) and RFS (C‐index: 0.680; AIC: 519.53). The calibration curve of the nomogram composed of the combined parameters showed excellent predictive consistency for 1‐year RFS. These results were verified using a validation cohort.ConclusionNeoadjuvant chemotherapy endows CD9 with a significant prognostic value that differs between tumor and stromal areas in patients with pancreatic cancer.     

苋桑饮对糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用研究

目的 评价中药制剂苋桑饮的降血糖疗效.方法 80只雄性小鼠随机选取12只为空白对照组,其余68只采用四氧嘧啶造模.取符合空腹血糖值≥11.1 mmol/L的小鼠60只,随机分为模型组、二甲双胍组及苋桑饮低、中、高剂量组,每组12只,分别以0.9%氯化钠溶液20 mL/kg、二甲双胍0.15 g/kg及苋桑饮0,8、1.6和3.2 g/kg灌胃给药.以给药前后受试小鼠的血糖和体征(包括体重、摄食量和饮水量)变化评价苋桑饮的疗效.结果 与给药前相比,给药后苋桑饮中、高剂量组小鼠血糖水平及摄食量和饮水量均较模型组减低(P<0.05或P<0.01);苋桑饮高荆量组体重减轻程度较模型组轻(P<0.05).结论 苋桑饮能有效降低糖尿病小鼠的血糖水平,并且可能具有改善糖尿病小鼠体征的作用.     

岩沙海葵毒素人工抗原的合成及鉴定

目的制备岩沙海葵毒素(PTX)的人工抗原和抗血清,为建立PTX的酶联免疫检测方法提供技术基础。方法用小分子succinimidyl3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate(SPDP)将PTX巯基化成半抗原PTX-PDP,用2-iminothiolane将大分子载体蛋白质匙眼血蓝蛋白(KLH)巯基化成KLH-SH,再将PTX-PDP和KLH-SH反应合成人工抗原PTX-PDP-KLH免疫雌性6~8周龄Balb/c小鼠,进行多抗的制备。用同样的方法制备酶联免疫反应之包被抗原PTX-PDP-BSA,用于检测血清抗体效价。结果根据紫外检测图谱,PTX的最大吸收波长在264nm处,KLH及BSA的最大吸收波长在278及279nm处,而合成的人工抗原PTX-PDP-KLH和PTX-PDP-BSA的最大吸收波长分别在267和273nm处。抗血清经间接酶联免疫吸附法检测,效价达到1∶3200,且与正常Balb/c小鼠、昆明种小鼠及兔血清间无交叉反应。结论合成的人工抗原纯度高,具有较好的免疫原性。     

南阳市通过评审验收静脉用药调配中心现状调查

目的 了解南阳市通过评审验收静脉用药调配中心(PIVAS)运行现状,分析该市PIVAS建立和运行中存在的问题,探讨符合该地区发展需要的工作模式.方法 采用问卷调查和电话采访,调查南阳市通过评审验收PIVAS的有关情况.结果 几家医院PIVAS建造模式主要为企业援建与医院自建两种方式,工作模式以药护结合为主,几家医院都未在全院开展调配服务,药学人员配备不足,整体素质偏低.结论 PIVAS是未来医院药学发展的一个重要方向,各家医院应重视PIVAS的建设和药学技术人员综合能力的培养,以利于该学科健康发展.     

不同来源千金藤中千金藤素的HPLC法测定

目的建立不同来源的千金藤植物中千金藤素的HPLC测定方法。方法采用Angela C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈–水(52∶48,含0.5%三乙胺、0.01%磷酸);检测波长:282 nm;柱温:30℃;体积流量:1.0 m L/min;进样体积:20μL。结果千金藤素质量浓度在9~216μg/m L时与峰面积值呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 7),平均回收率为96.0%,RSD值为2.0%(n=6)。产自湖南的千金藤(No.13)、产自广西的白药子(No.17)中千金藤素的量较高,分别为0.013 9%、0.122 1%;同一植株的不同用药部位(No.12~15)中千金藤素的量也不尽相同,湖南产千金藤中千金藤素主要分布在茎中,其质量分数为0.013 9%。结论该方法操作简便、准确、重复性好,可用于千金藤植物千金藤、地不容和白药子中千金藤素的测定。