The anterior versus posterior approach for the treatment of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the cervical spine: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Objective: To compare the effectiveness and safety between anterior and posterior approach, and determine the best surgical methods for the treatment of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) in the cervical spine.Methods: We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, CNKI and Wanfang Med Data databases from January 2007 to March 2018. Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores, cervical lordosis, functional recovery rates, excellent and good outcomes of the surgical approaches, and complication and reoperation rates were analyzed. RevMan 5.3 was utilized for data analysis.Results: Eleven studies were included in the meta-analysis. By comparing the anterior and posterior approaches for the treatment of OPLL in the cervical spine, statistically significant differences were found in the preoperative initial JOA, the postoperative final JOA scores, functional recovery rates, complication rates, excellent and good outcomes of the surgical approaches and reoperation rates. However, no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of the preoperative and postoperative cervical lordosis was noted.Conclusion: The anterior approach is superior to the posterior approach in terms of the postoperative final JOA score, functional recovery rate, and clinical outcomes. Although the complication and reoperation rates of the anterior approach are higher than those of the posterior approach. We recommend the anterior approach for the treatment of OPLL when patients with occupying ratio ≥ 60%. In addition, high-quality studies with long-term follow-up and large sample size are also needed.     

肠-菌-肝轴及其在肠衰竭相关性肝损害发生发展中的作用

由于长期的肠道摄入不足,肠衰竭患者不得不依赖肠外营养(PN)来维持能量和正常的生理需求。然而PN在提供能量及营养物质的同时,也会引起肝脏损害。此外,由于肠道结构和内环境发生改变,IF患者往往伴随着肠道菌群失调及小肠细菌过度生长,过度生长的细菌代谢产生的毒性介质可诱导肠道炎性反应和胆汁酸代谢紊乱,最终导致肠黏膜屏障功能受损及肠衰竭相关性肝损害(IFALD)。自1998年Marshall首次提出肠-肝轴的概念以来,肠-肝轴紊乱在IFALD发生发展中的作用也备受关注。肠道-肝脏之间的"对话"是维持肝脏代谢和肠道内稳态平衡的关键,二者相互作用,互为因果。然而,作为一个"被遗忘的器官",肠道菌群在IFALD发病过程中的作用并没有得到很好的体现。因此,笔者首次提出肠-菌-肝轴这样一个全新的概念,试图强调肠道菌群是肠-肝轴中的重要一环,三者之间的相互作用在IF患者肠道和肝脏损害过程中扮演着重要的角色。对肠-菌-肝轴这一概念的理解和深入研究,将对理解IFALD的发病机制和改进防治措施具有重要意义。     

阿帕替尼联合奥沙利铂和替吉奥在胃癌腹膜转移转化治疗中的安全性及近期疗效观察

目的探讨阿帕替尼联合奥沙利铂和替吉奥在胃癌腹膜转移转化治疗中的安全性和近期疗效。方法回顾性分析"甲磺酸阿帕替尼联合替吉奥及奥沙利铂转化治疗晚期胃癌的单臂探索性临床研究"(中国临床试验注册号:ChiCTR-ONC-17010430)的前瞻性研究病例数据库,纳入18~70岁,经组织学及腹腔镜探查证实为胃癌腹膜转移,治疗前未接受放疗、化疗、靶向治疗或免疫治疗的患者。入组患者术前接受6个周期的替吉奥(80~120 mg/d,d1~14)和奥沙利铂(130 mg/m²,d1)以及5周期的阿帕替尼(500 mg/d,d1~21)转化方案治疗,化疗结束后3周,结合评估结果和患者意愿决定是否进行手术。主要观察指标为转化治疗的不良反应情况,次要观察指标为客观缓解率、疾病控制率和总体生存率(OS)。随访时间截至2020年5月。结果本研究共纳入胃癌腹膜转移患者27例,男性13例,女性14例,中位年龄为58岁(30~68岁),腹膜转移分型P1a 9例,P1b 5例,P1c 13例,腹膜癌指数(PCI)1~5分共14例,≥6分者13例。化疗不良反应的发生率为100%,最常见的血液学不良反应事件是白细胞减少(70.4%,19/27)和粒细胞减少(74.1%,20/27);非血液学不良反应事件为疲乏(51.9%,14/27)和口腔黏膜炎(37.0%,10/27);1例因4级血小板减少退组。26例可行疗效评估的患者中,18例(69.2%)获得部分缓解,3例(11.5%)获得疾病稳定,5例(19.2%)疾病进展,客观缓解率为69.2%(18/26),疾病控制率为80.8%(21/26)。14例患者接受手术,6例行R0切除,R0切除率42.9%(6/14)。术后病理反应率为64.3%(9/14)。随访时间12~40个月,随访率为100%。全组患者1年OS为65.2%,生存时间为(14.0±1.7)个月。P1a/P1b与P1c患者1年OS分别为81.8%与42.0%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.041)。PCI评分1~5分与≥6分的患者1年OS分别为67.3%与38.5%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.022)。结论在胃癌腹膜转移患者中,阿帕替尼联合奥沙利铂和替吉奥转化治疗方案的安全性可接受,且在P1a/P1b及PCI评分1~5分的患者中显示出良好的近期生存获益。     

经导管动脉栓塞治疗局部晚期乳腺癌伴皮肤破溃

目的 观察经导管动脉栓塞（TAE）用于改善经常规化学治疗（化疗）无效的局部晚期乳腺癌伴皮肤破溃的效果。方法 10例晚期乳腺癌经常规化疗及系统靶向治疗均无效,肿瘤增大伴皮肤破溃,伴恶臭、渗液、出血及感染等;于DSA引导下对其行TAE栓塞肿瘤供血动脉,术后观察症状改善情况。结果 10例均成功栓塞肿瘤供血动脉,技术成功率100%;术后均未出现栓塞相关皮肤坏死及神经损伤。术后7天皮肤症状均明显改善;术后30天9例皮肤破损面积减小、1例皮肤破溃加重;术后2个月内6例、术后3个月内10例皮肤破损面积增大并症状复发。结论 TAE用于治疗伴皮肤破溃的局部晚期乳腺癌能在短期内显著改善症状,但中长期效果有限。     

改良菱形皮瓣在面部软组织缺损修复中的应用

目的探讨改良菱形皮瓣修复面部缺损的临床疗效。方法自2016年1月至2019年12月深圳建安医疗美容门诊部采用改良菱形皮瓣修复面部肿物切除后皮肤软组织缺损患者45例,肿物主要位于耳部、下睑缘、鼻背部、上唇及面颊部;缺损面积为1.5 cm×2.0 cm~3.0 cm×4.0 cm。结果所有患者皮瓣全部成活,切口一期愈合,术后随访6~12个月,术后皮瓣色泽、血运良好,触感正常,外观较满意,且无明显瘢痕。结论采用改良菱形皮瓣修复面部肿物切除后软组织缺损,具有设计灵活、充分利用周围组织、手术操作简单、术后瘢痕较小等优点,值得临床推广。     

内蒙古自治区不同生态系鼠疫自然疫源地动物鼠疫流行现状及流行风险简析

内蒙古面临着多种类型疫源地鼠疫流行和复燃的风险。蒙古旱獭疫源地虽然暂未在国内发现动物间鼠疫流行,但过去检出过阳性血清,同时蒙古旱獭种群数量持续增加且分布范围不断扩大,毗邻的蒙古国和俄罗斯联邦的蒙古旱獭疫源地动物间鼠疫持续流行;达乌尔黄鼠疫源地动物间鼠疫时隐时现;长爪沙鼠疫源地动物间鼠疫流行猛烈,并频频波及人间。由于蒙古旱獭和达乌尔黄鼠鼠疫耶尔森菌菌株毒力明显高于长爪沙鼠鼠疫耶尔森菌菌株,且在历史上曾给当地带来深重灾难,因此内蒙古自治区鼠疫防控重点应在常规鼠疫监测的基础上,进一步加强蒙古旱獭和达乌尔黄鼠疫源地流行动态的监测,警惕该两个疫源地复燃并波及人间。     

基于慢性乙型病毒性肝炎诊断路径的实验诊断学教学模式初探

探讨建立涵盖慢性乙型病毒性肝炎(CHB)诊断与鉴别诊断、治疗、药物选择及毒副作用预测、疗效监测、预后评估等全过程的疾病临床检验诊断路径的教学模式。根据CHB临床诊疗指南, 制订与疾病不同阶段相关的实验室检查检测策略, 建立CHB临床检验诊断路径, 以武汉大学第一临床学院2016级和2017级八年制本科生为研究对象, 通过随堂问卷比较其课堂教学效果。本研究首先建立了获得临床医生认可的CHB临床检验诊断路径, 其涵盖CHB疾病的诊断与鉴别诊断、治疗、药物选择及毒副作用预测、疗效监测、预后评估等全过程。该路径应用于2017级临床医学本科生课堂教学后, 教学质量评估指标均有较大程度的提升。此外, 随堂测验得分也有显著提高。综上, 基于CHB临床检验诊断路径的实验诊断学教学模式, 实现了实验诊断学与临床医学的融合, 提升了学生对CHB诊疗中各种实验室检查检测的整体认识, 教学质量得到了提高。     

儿童肺炎支原体感染的临床特征及混合感染相关因素研究

目的 了解儿童肺炎支原体（Mp）感染的临床特征,分析Mp与其他病原体混合感染的相关因素,为完善儿童社区获得性肺炎（CAP）防治提供证据支持。方法 基于在苏州大学附属儿童医院（SCH）开展的急性呼吸道感染病例监测,筛选2018-2021年在SCH住院的<16岁CAP病例,采用统一的调查表收集研究对象基本情况、基础疾病史、临床表现等信息,通过医院检验信息系统查询研究对象的病原检测结果,比较Mp、细菌、病毒等病原体感染者的临床特征,比较Mp混合其他病原感染对病情严重性的影响,采用logistic回归模型分析Mp混合其他病原感染的相关因素。结果 共收集8 274名CAP住院病例,其中Mp阳性2 184例（26.4%）;Mp检出率女童高于男童（P<0.001）,随月龄增加而升高（P<0.001）,夏秋季高于冬春季（P<0.001）。喘息、气促、喘鸣音及肺部呈片状阴影的发生率,以及发热和住院天数等指标在Mp、细菌和病毒感染病例中的差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。<60月龄Mp混合感染病例出现喘息症状及痰鸣音和喘鸣音的比例高于单纯感染病例,≥60月龄混合感染病例较Mp单纯感染更易出现气促症状（均P<0.05）。多因素logistic回归模型分析显示,男童（aOR=1.38,95%CI：1.15~1.67）、<6月龄（aOR=3.30,95%CI：2.25~4.89）、6~月龄（aOR=3.44,95%CI：2.63~4.51）、24~月龄（aOR=2.50,95%CI：1.90~3.30）、48~71月龄（aOR=1.77,95%CI：1.32~2.37）和3个月内呼吸系统感染史（aOR=1.28,95%CI：1.06~1.55）为Mp混合其他病原感染的相关因素。结论 Mp是导致儿童CAP住院的主要病原体,单纯Mp感染病例较细菌、病毒感染病例发热天数更长;Mp常与细菌和病毒混合感染,男童、<72月龄和3个月内呼吸系统感染史是Mp混合感染的相关因素。     

Direct Anterior Approach in Lateral Decubitus Position Versus Supine Position for Unilateral Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Comparative Study

ObjectiveTo compare the clinical efficacy of the direct anterior approach in lateral decubitus position (L‐DAA) and supine position (S‐DAA) for unilateral total hip arthroplasty.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on 89 patients who underwent primary unilateral total hip arthroplasty in our department between August 2016 and December 2017. There were 46 patients who underwent L‐DAA and 43 patients who underwent S‐DAA. The body mass index (BMI), operation time, blood loss, preoperative Hb, first day and third day postoperative Hb, incision length, hospital stay, preoperative and postoperative Harris score, preoperative and postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score, radiological evaluation, intraoperative and postoperative complication, postoperative absolute length difference of lower extremity were recorded and analyzed. P < 0.05 was set as the significant difference.ResultsAll patients were followed up for 8–23 months, with an average of 15.6 months. No significant differences were found in preoperative and postoperative Harris scores, preoperative Hb, incision lengths, radiological evaluations, preoperative and postoperative VAS scores, and hospital stay (P > 0.05). However, significant differences were detected in BMI, blood loss, first day and third day postoperative Hb, and operation time (P < 0.05). There were no postoperative complications in the L‐DAA and S‐DAA groups. During the operation, two cases of proximal femoral fracture occurred in the L‐DAA group, four in the S‐DAA group, and the difference was statistically significant. There were significant differences found in the postoperative absolute length difference of lower extremity between the two groups.ConclusionCompared with the S‐DAA approach, the L‐DAA approach had the advantages of shorter operation time and less blood loss. Compared with S‐DAA, it was easier to expose the proximal femur, and lower BMI was required in L‐DAA. However, it was more difficult to compare the length of both lower extremities in the L‐DAA approach than in the S‐DAA approach.