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41.
42.
Sodhi KS Sidhu R Gulati M Saxena A Suri S Chawla Y 《Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology》2005,20(10):1488-1493
Background: The purpose of the present study was to compare iissue harmonic imaging (THI) and conventional sonography in focal hepatic lesions. Methods: Fifty patients with focal hepatic lesions were enrolled for study. Conventional grayscale and THI was performed in all the patients and two sets of images of the lesions were recorded (one each for THI and conventional) and assessed for fluid–solid differentiation, detail and overall image quality. These images were compared with conventional sonographic images and graded better, same or worse as per the case. Lesions were confirmed by fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC)/surgery/other modalities such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results: Out of 50 patients with focal hepatic lesions, 21 patients had metastatic lesions (two single; 19 multiple) five patients had hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), five patients had hydatid cysts, nine had simple hepatic cyst whereas five patients had liver abscess, three had focal fatty infiltration; and lymphoma and hemangioma were seen in one patient each. The first observer ranked THI better than standard sonography in 40 patients (80%) for fluid–solid differentiation, in 38 (76%) for detail and in 39 (78%) for overall image quality. The second observer ranked THI better than standard sonography in 39 patients (78%) for fluid–solid differentiation, in 40 (80%) for detail and in 42 (84%) for overall image quality. Tissue harmonic imaging provided additional information in eight patients (16%) and resulted in treatment alteration in three patients (6%). Conclusion: Tissue harmonic imaging was significantly better than conventional sonography for fluid–solid differentiation, detail and total image quality in focal hepatic lesions, especially in obese patients and patients with poor acoustic window. 相似文献
43.
Bipadabhanjan Mallick Narendra Dhaka Vishal Sharma Sarthak Malik Saroj K. Sinha Usha Dutta Pankaj Gupta Ajay Gulati Thakur D. Yadav Vikas Gupta Rakesh Kochhar 《Pancreatology》2019,19(1):143-148
Background and objectives
Despite improvement in outcomes of acute pancreatitis (AP), some subgroups remain at increased risk. We studied the impact of onset-to-admission interval to a tertiary care centre on outcomes in AP.Methods
Retrospective analysis of consecutive patients with first episode of AP admitted between 2009 and 2017 on the basis of onset-to-admission interval: ≤7 days, 8–21 days and >21 days was done. Patients were assessed for severity and managed using a step-up approach. Primary outcome measures were surgical necrosectomy and mortality.Results
Of 745 patients (age 39.26?±?13.18?yrs, 69% male), 380 (51%) had presented ≤7 days, 229 (30.7%) between 8 and 21 days and 136 (18.3%) >21 days after pain onset. Severe pancreatitis was highest in 8–21 days group (129; 56.3%) followed by?≤?7 days (166; 43.7%) and >21 days of illness (52; 38.2%).Surgical intervention rates were highest in the 8–21 days group(14%) followed by?>?21 days (12.5%) and ≤7 days (6.6%) respectively (p?=?0.007). Also, mortality was highest in patients with onset to admission interval of 8–21 days (24%) followed by?>?21 days (15.4%) and ≤7 days (14.2%) (P?=?0.007). On the multivariate analysis, age, late presentation, and the presence of organ failure were found to predict the mortality.Conclusion
Patients presenting between 8 and 21 days after onset perform poorly than those presenting earlier or later than them in terms of severity, organ failure, need for surgery and mortality although organ failure remains the most important determinant of outcome. This data can help in devising guidelines for referral of such patients. 相似文献44.
Associations Between Abortion Services and Acceptance of Postabortion Contraception in Six Indian States 下载免费PDF全文
Sushanta K. Banerjee Sumit Gulati Kathryn L. Andersen Valerie Acre Janardan Warvadekar Deepa Navin 《Studies in family planning》2015,46(4):387-403
Women receiving induced abortions or postabortion care are at high risk of subsequent unintended pregnancy, and intervals of less than six months between abortion and subsequent pregnancy may be associated with adverse outcomes. This study highlights the prevalence and attributes of postabortion contraceptive acceptance from 2,456 health facilities in six major Indian states, among 292,508 women who received abortion care services from July 2011 through June 2014. Eighty‐one percent of the women accepted postabortion contraceptive methods: 53 percent short‐term, 11 percent intrauterine devices, and 16 percent sterilization. Postabortion contraceptive acceptance was highest among women who were aged 25 years and older, received first‐trimester services, received induced abortion, attended primary‐level health facilities, and had medical abortions. Doctors receiving post‐training support were more likely to offer contraceptives, but no association was observed between such support and acceptance of IUDs or sterilization. Comprehensive service‐delivery interventions, including ensuring availability of skilled providers and contraceptive commodities, offering clinical mentoring for providers, identifying and addressing provider bias, and improving provider counseling skills, can increase postabortion contraceptive acceptance and reduce unintended pregnancy. 相似文献
45.
Background:
Emergency Contraception Pill (ECP) is an essential intervention to prevent unwanted pregnancies. However, its use has remained low due to various barriers including reservations among medical fraternity.Materials and Methods:
This paper presents findings on barriers to ECP''s easy access for potential users from (i) a cross-sectional survey of providers'' attitudes, beliefs, and practices and interviews with key opinion leaders, (ii) three consultations organized by Population Council with policymakers and public health experts, and (iii) evidence from scientific literature.Results:
The major barriers to easy access of ECP include misconceptions and reservations of providers (disapproval of ECP provision by CHWs, opposition to its being an OTC product, and myths, misconceptions, and moral judgments about its users) including influential gynecologists.Conclusion:
For mainstreaming ECP, the paper recommends educational campaign focusing on gynecologists and CHWs, relaxing restrictive policy on advertisement of ECP, involving press media and strengthening supply chain to ensure its regular supply to ASHA (CHW). 相似文献46.
Akram Ahmad Isha Patel Himani Asani M. Jagadeesan S. Parimalakrishnan S. Selvamuthukumaran 《Indian journal of pharmacology》2015,47(1):90-94
Aim:Antithrombotic therapy with heparin plus antiplatelets reduces the rate of ischemic events in patients with coronary heart disease. Low molecular weight heparin has a more predictable anticoagulant effect than standard unfractionated heparin, is easier to administer, does not require monitoring and is associated with less ADRs. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and compare the clinical and cost outcomes of Enoxaparin with a standard unfractionated heparin in patients with coronary heart disease.Results:Compared to unfractionated heparin group of patients, the average prothrombin time was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) whereas hypokalemia was significantly lower (P < 0.02) in enoxaparin group of patients. Even though recurrence of angina and ADRs such as bleeding, nausea, headache and sudden cough occurred less frequently in the enoxaparin group of patients compared to unfractionated heparin group of patients, the differences were not significant.Conclusions:Antithrombotic therapy with enoxaparin plus aspirin was safer and more effective than unfractionated heparin plus aspirin, in reducing the incidence of ischemic events in patients with unstable angina or myocardial infarction in the early phase.KEY WORDS: Anticoagulant, coronary heart disease, enoxaparin, safety, and efficacy, unfractionated heparin 相似文献
47.
Bipadabhanjan Mallick Narendra Dhaka Pankaj Gupta Ajay Gulati Sarthak Malik Saroj K. Sinha Thakur D. Yadav Vikas Gupta Rakesh Kochhar 《Pancreatology》2018,18(7):727-733
Background and objectives
Percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) is used as a first step in the management of symptomatic fluid collections in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). We aimed to compare the outcome of patients with acute necrotic collection (ANC) and those with walled-off necrosis (WON), who had undergone PCD as a part of management of AP.Methods
Consecutive patients of AP with symptomatic ANC or WON undergoing PCD were evaluated. Primary outcome measures were need for additional surgical necrosectomy and mortality. Secondary outcome measures were need for up-gradation of first PCD, need for additional drain, in-hospital as well as total duration of PCD and length of hospital stay.Results
Indications of PCD in 375 patients (258 with ANC and 117 with WON) were suspected infected pancreatic necrosis (n?=?214), persistent organ failure (n?=?117) and pressure symptoms (n?=?44). Need for additional surgical necrosectomy was seen in 14% patients with ANC and in 12% of patients with WON (p?=?0.364) and mortality was 19% in patients with ANC as compared to 13.7% in those with WON (p?=?0.132). There was no significant difference in the secondary outcome parameters between patients who underwent PCD for ANC or WON. Complications of PCD were comparable between patients with ANC and WON except development of external pancreatic fistula which occurred more often in patients with WON than in those with ANC (24.4% versus 34.2% respectively, p?=?0.034).Conclusion
Persistent organ failure in more often an indication of PCD in patients with ANC than in WON and suspected infection is more commonly an indication in WON than in ANC. Early PCD is as efficacious and safe as delayed PCD. 相似文献48.
Inhibition of renin was induced in conscious marmosets with CGP 29 287, Z-Arg-Arg-Pro-Phe-His-Sta-Ile-His-Lys (Boc)-OMe, a renin inhibitor with a prolonged duration of action. In vitro, CGP 29 287 is a potent inhibitor of primate plasma renin (inhibitory concentration, 50%: human = 1 X 10(-9) M; marmoset = 5 X 10(-9) M) and less potent against dog (2 X 10(-7) M) or rat (3 X 10(-5) M) plasma renin. CGP 29 287 is a weak inhibitor of other aspartic proteases such as porcine pepsin or bovine cathepsin D (inhibitory concentration, 50% = 4 X 10(-5) M). In furosemide-treated marmosets, CGP 29 287 lowered blood pressure and inhibited plasma renin activity during intravenous infusion and after intravenous bolus injection. The duration of action after intravenous injection was dose dependent and ranged from 1 hour after 0.1 mg/kg to more than 3 hours after 10 mg/kg. High doses of CGP 29 287 (100 mg/kg) were active after oral administration. In all experiments a close relation between inhibition of plasma renin activity and reduction of blood pressure was found. A maximum hypotensive response to CGP 29 287 was associated with complete inhibition of plasma renin activity, and the recovery of blood pressure was accompanied by recovery of plasma renin activity. The hypotensive effects of CGP 29 287 were smaller in untreated than in furosemide-treated marmosets. CGP 29 287 had no influence on blood pressure in marmosets after bilateral nephrectomy or after pretreatment with a converting enzyme inhibitor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
49.
Cord blood samples collected from 150 newborns were tested for HBsAg using micro ELISA technique. Only 8 (5.3 per cent) out of 150 samples were found to be positive for HBsAg in variable titres. It is important to identify these HBsAg positive newborns so that appropriate measures could be adopted at the earliest to prevent the complications of HBsAg carriage. 相似文献
50.