γ-去氢骆驼蓬碱等咔啉类生物碱的辐射防护作用

γ- Harmine(Ⅰ),’harmine(Ⅱ )and harmaline(Ⅲ )were isolated from PeganumHarmala L.( Zygophylaceae).Tests were conducted with mice to detect whether γ- harmine( a newcompound), harmine,harmof(Ⅳ)and harmalol(Ⅴ) are effective radioprotective compounds againstγ-ray irradiation, Intraperitoneal injection of the hydrochlorides of the four alkaloids 50～80mg·kg^-1×1 in NIH male mice 30～45 minutes before 8.6～9. 7 Gy whole body ⁶⁰Co irradiationsignificantly increased the survival effects(1. 33～2. 61)and 30-day survivai rate in comparison withcontrol mice.The results indicatethat γ- harmine exhibited relatively good radioprotective effect.γ-harmine is the first alkaloid isolated from a plant having ptotective effects against whole-body lethal irradiation in mice.     

An integrative review exploring the physical and psychological harm inherent in using restraint in mental health inpatient settings

In Western society, policy and legislation seeks to minimize restrictive interventions, including physical restraint; yet research suggests the use of such practices continues to raise concerns. Whilst international agreement has sought to define physical restraint, diversity in the way in which countries use restraint remains disparate. Research to date has reported on statistics regarding restraint, how and why it is used, and staff and service user perspectives about its use. However, there is limited evidence directly exploring the physical and psychological harm restraint may cause to people being cared for within mental health inpatient settings. This study reports on an integrative review of the literature exploring available evidence regarding the physical and psychological impact of restraint. The review included both experimental and nonexperimental research papers, using Cooper's (1998) five‐stage approach to synthesize the findings. Eight themes emerged: Trauma/retraumatization; Distress; Fear; Feeling ignored; Control; Power; Calm; and Dehumanizing conditions. In conclusion, whilst further research is required regarding the physical and psychological implications of physical restraint in mental health settings, mental health nurses are in a prime position to use their skills and knowledge to address the issues identified to eradicate the use of restraint and better meet the needs of those experiencing mental illness.     

Antilymphocyte globulin, cyclosporin, and granulocyte colony- stimulating factor in patients with acquired severe aplastic anemia (SAA): a pilot study of the EBMT SAA Working Party

Patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) and a neutrophil (PMN) count of less than 0.5 x 10(9)/L are exposed to a high risk of early mortality when treated with antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) and steroids, with the major problem being infectious complications. The addition of human recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) to ALG may reduce early mortality by improving neutrophil counts in the short term. To test the feasibility of this approach, the SAA Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) designed a pilot study that included rhG-CSF (5 micrograms/kg/d, days 1 through 90), horse ALG (HALG; 15 mg/kg/d, days 1 through 5), methylprednisolone (2 mg/kg/d, days 1 through 5, then tapering the dose), and cyclosporin A (CyA; 5 mg/kg/d orally, days 1 through 180). Patients with newly diagnosed acquired SAA (untreated) and with neutrophil counts of < or = 0.5 x 10(9)/L were eligible. Forty consecutive patients entered this study and are evaluable with a minimum follow up of 120 days: the median age was 16 years (range, 2 to 72 years), the interval from diagnosis to treatment was 24 days, and the median PMN count was 0.19 x 10(9)/L. Twenty-one patients had hemorrhages, and 19 were infected at the time of treatment. Overall, treatment was well tolerated: the median maximum PMN count during rhG- CSF administration was 12 x 10(9)/L (range, 0.4 x 10(9)/L to 44 x 10(9)/L). There were three early deaths (8%) due to infection. Four patients (10%) showed no recovery, whereas 33 patients (82%) had trilineage hematologic reconstitution and became transfusion- independent at a median interval of 115 days from treatment. Median follow up for surviving patients is 428 days (range, 122 to 1,005). Actuarial survival is 92%: 86% and 100% for patients with PMN counts less than 0.2 x 10(9)/L or between 0.2 x 10(9)/L and 0.5 x 10(9)/L, respectively. This study suggests that the addition of rhG-CSF to ALG and CyA is well tolerated, is associated with a low risk of mortality, and offers a good chance of hematologic response. This protocol would appear to be an interesting alternative treatment for SAA patients with a low PMN count who lack an HLA-identical sibling.