Dietary beta-carotene absorption by blood plasma and leukocytes in domestic cats

Three experiments were conducted to study the uptake of oral beta-carotene by blood plasma and leukocytes in domestic cats. In Experiment 1, mature female Tabby cats (12 mo old) were given once orally 0, 10, 20 or 50 mg of beta-carotene and blood taken at 0, 12, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48 and 72 h after dosing. Concentrations of plasma beta-carotene increased in a dose-dependent manner. Peak concentrations were observed at 12-24 h and declined gradually thereafter. The half-life of plasma beta-carotene was 12-30 h. In Experiment 2, cats were dosed daily for six consecutive days with 0, 1, 2, 5 or 10 mg beta-carotene. Blood was sampled once daily at 12 h after each feeding. Daily dosing of cats with beta-carotene for 6 d resulted in a dose-dependent increase in circulating beta-carotene. Experiment 3 was designed to study the uptake of beta-carotene by blood leukocytes. Cats were fed 0, 5 or 10 mg of beta-carotene daily for 14 d. Blood leukocytes were obtained on d 7 and 14 to determine beta-carotene content in whole lymphocytes and in subcellular fractions. Blood lymphocytes took up large amounts of beta-carotene by d 7 of feeding. Furthermore, beta-carotene accumulated mainly in the mitochondria (40-52%), with lower amounts accumulating in the microsomes (20-35%), cytosol (15-34%), and nuclei (1.5-6%). Therefore, domestic cats readily absorb beta-carotene across the intestinal mucosa and transfer the beta-carotene into peripheral blood leukocytes and their subcellular organelles. beta-Carotene uptake kinetics show that some aspects of beta-carotene absorption and metabolism in cats are similar to those of humans.     

止痛活血化瘀药实验研究

本文研究了止痛活血化瘀药对血液流变性的影响。两类止痛活血化瘀药在改善红细胞聚集性、变形性等血液流变性诸参数的作用是明显不同的。结果表明活血散瘀类药可明显改善四项红细胞流变性参数，即通过降低红细胞表明电荷以增加细胞间的排斥力，防止红细胞聚集，改善变形性，降低纤维蛋白元含量，降低血液粘度，改善血液流变性。另一方面，祛风行气类药则可降低血小板聚集性和粘附性。因此，止痛活血化瘀药的作用机理是不同的     

国产榧属植物种子油含量及其脂肪酸测定

目的:分析了国产榧属植物种子油含量及其脂肪酸组成。方法:用重量法和GC法分别测定油含量和脂肪酸组成。结果:种子油含量在42.6%～54.39%;脂肪酸组成以亚油酸和油酸为主;不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的76.1%～82.0%;饱和脂肪酸以山俞酸和棕榈酸为主。结论:榧属植物种子油属优质植物油,含量较高的山俞酸为特征性成分。对榧属植物种子油资源潜在的开发利用价值进行了评价。     

肺癌肺叶袖状切除术的安全性和有效性

目的:评价肺癌肺叶袖状切除术后患者的手术安全性和远期生存状况.方法:回顾分析了1999年10月至2003年12月行肺癌根治术的94名病例,其中肺叶袖状切除术11例(Ⅰ组),全肺切除术17例(Ⅱ组),肺叶切除术66例(Ⅲ组).通过比较三组术后气管插管时间、ICU停留时间、吻合口并发症率及围手术期死亡率,评价肺叶袖状切除术的手术安全性,比较Ⅰ、Ⅱ组间的生存期和转移复发率探讨其远期有效性.组间率比较用x2检验或Fisher精确检验,均数比较用t检验,生存分析用Kaplan-Meier法,生存曲线比较用Log rank检验.显著性差异标准α=0.05.结果:Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的手术死亡率为0,11.8%,3.0%,组间无显著性差异;平均气管插管时间为0.5±2.3天,2.0±7.2天,0.6±4.1天(Ⅰ、ⅢVSⅡ组,P＜0.05);吻合口并发症率为3.0%,0,5.8%,组间无显著性差异.Ⅰ组1年、3年生存率为45.5%、32.5%,Ⅱ组为58.8%、45.8%.两组生存率、远期局部复发率和转移率无显著性差异.结论:肺癌肺叶袖状切除术具有和肺叶切除术相近的手术安全性,优于全肺切除术,而其复发转移率、远期疗效与后者相近,是安全有效的手术方式.     

Bioavailability of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid enriched luncheon meats

(Nutr Diet 2005;62:130–137) Objective: To determine the acute and chronic effects of low doses of long chain (LC) n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on plasma LC n‐3 PUFA levels. Design: In the acute study, six healthy omnivores, avoiding fish meals on the day prior to the study, provided a fasting blood sample initially and post prandially at four hours. In the chronic study, 12 healthy subjects provided a fasting blood sample at baseline and three weeks after daily consumption of the test food. Main outcome measures: Plasma non‐esterified fatty acid and phospholipid LC n‐3 PUFA composition. Statistical analysis: Differences in plasma non‐esterified fatty acids and phospholipid LC n‐3 PUFA. A pre‐ and post‐consumption of the test food were assessed using paired t‐tests (spss ). Results: The acute study demonstrated that a low dose of LC n‐3 PUFA (25% eicosapentaenoic acid and 75% docosahexaenoic acid) significantly increased eicosapentaenoic acid levels in plasma of human subjects postprandially from 0.30% to 0.42% of total non‐esterified fatty acids, a per cent change of 39% (P < 0.05). The chronic study demonstrated a significant increase in total n‐3 phospholipids from zero weeks (5.48% of total fatty acids) to three weeks (7.92% of total fatty acids), representing a per cent increase of 44% (P = 0.006). The n‐6 to n‐3 ratio of LC PUFA phospholipids demonstrated a significant reduction from 5.1 at zero weeks to 4.07 at three weeks, representing a reduction of 20% (P = 0.006). Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the bioavailability of LC n‐3 PUFA consumed as a low‐fat omega‐3‐enriched luncheon meat.     

Expression of a synapse-associated membrane protein, P84/SHPS-1, and its ligand, IAP/CD47, in mouse retina

P84 and integrin associated protein (IAP) are heterophilic binding partners that are expressed in the central nervous system in addition to a variety of other tissues. Both molecules are known to be involved in cell signaling in nonneural tissues. In the retina, both molecules are expressed prominently in plexiform layers, suggesting a possible association with synapses. Here, we examined the cellular expression and ultrastructural localization of the two molecules in the developing mouse retina. Both appeared to be expressed at one or both sides of synaptic sites, although the expression of IAP in the retina precedes that of P84. Examination of transgenic IAP-null retinae revealed a failure of P84 to become associated with synaptic sites, suggesting the interaction of P84 with IAP was necessary for P84's synaptic localization. These findings suggest that the signaling activities of P84 and IAP are localized to sites of synaptic contact in the retina. Thus this pair of synapse-associated molecules represents a bidirectional signaling system that could function to modify synaptic activity or possibly trophic interactions between central neurons.     

Activity of nonpeptide tachykinin antagonists on neurokinin a induced contractions in dog urinary bladder

PURPOSE: There is abundant evidence indicating that tachykinin (TK) containing sensory nerves (C-fibers) play an important role in neural regulation of reflex micturition in mammals. Desensitization of urinary bladder C-fibers with resiniferatoxin ameliorates bladder hyperreflexia and incontinence and supports a similar role for C-fibers in man. TK-induced contraction of isolated human urinary bladder smooth muscle appears to be exclusively neurokinin NK2-receptor mediated. Dog urinary bladder contractility to a series of TK-receptor agonists also suggests a predominance of NK2-receptor activation by tachykinins and indicates the dog may provide a useful model for the development of pharmacotherapy for bladder hyperreflexia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated the activity of the nonpeptide NK-receptor selective antagonists SR 48968 (NK2), SB 223412 (NK3) and CP 99994 (NK1) against neurokinin A (NKA)-induced contractions in isolated dog urinary bladder strips to determine the NK-receptor type which mediates contractile responses to NKA. The dual NK1 and NK2 antagonist MDL 103392 was also tested in this preparation. RESULTS: NKA-induced contractions (pD2 = 8.0) were dose dependently blocked by SR 48968 (pA2 = 8.2 +/- 0.2) while CP 99994 (1.0 microM) and SB 223412 (1.0 microM) were inactive. MDL 103392 was a weak functional antagonist (pKb = 6.1 +/- 0.1) of NKA. CONCLUSIONS: Relative activities of SR 48968, CP 99994 and SB 223412 confirm that the NK2-receptor is the mediator of NKA-induced contractions of dog urinary bladder smooth muscle.     

重症急性胰腺炎围手术期处理

目的提高重症急性胰腺炎的疗效。方法回顾性分析近10年来14例经手术治疗的SAP患者临床资料。结果14例患者中,合并休克者10例,胰脑病2例,MOF2例,ARDS2例,病死率为28%(4/14)。结论降低死亡率的关键在于围手术期的正确处理,特别是病程早期。首先,应加强围手术期的个体化监护,进行综合治疗,其次,抑制胰腺的外分泌;第三,早期使用足量的有效抗生素;第四,进行周围静脉的营养支持;第五,加强围手术期并发症的防治。     

如何利用Blackboard教学管理系统构建生理学网络课程

B lackboard教学管理系统可为教师创建、发布和管理网络课程提供方便、快捷的工具模块。文章介绍了如何利用B lackboard教学管理系统提供的课程内容模块、测验模块和课程工具模块来构建生理学网络课程的过程。指出生理学网络课程的建设,对突破传统面授教学的局限性和帮助学生网上学习具有重要意义。     

Expression of cytochrome p450 and other biotransformation genes in fetal and adult human nasal mucosa.

Despite recent progress in the identification and characterization of numerous nasal biotransformation enzymes in laboratory animals, the expression of biotransformation genes in human nasal mucosa remains difficult to study. Given the potential role of nasal biotransformation enzymes in the metabolism of airborne chemicals, including fragrance compounds and therapeutic agents, as well as the potential interspecies differences between laboratory animals and humans, it would be highly desirable to identify those biotransformation genes that are expressed in human nasal mucosa. In this study, a global gene expression analysis was performed to compare biotransformation enzymes expressed in human fetal and adult nasal mucosa to those expressed in liver. The identities of a list of biotransformation genes with apparently nasal mucosa-selective expression were subsequently confirmed by RNA-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing of the PCR products. Further quantitative RNA-PCR experiments indicated that, in the fetus, aldehyde dehydrogenase 6 (ALDH6), CYP1B1, CYP2F1, CYP4B1, and UDP glucuronosyltransferase 2A1 are expressed preferentially in the nasal mucosa and that ALDH7, flavin-containing monooxygenase 1, and glutathione S-transferase P1 are at least as abundant in the nasal mucosa as in the liver. The nasal mucosal expression of CYP2E1 was also detected. These findings provide a basis for further explorations of the metabolic capacity of the human nasal mucosa for xenobiotic compounds.