浙江省乙型流感病毒HA1基因分析

目的：了解浙江省近几年乙型流感病毒的基因变异情况和WHO推荐流感疫苗株对浙江省人体的保护情况。方法：采集浙江省类流感样本进行流感病毒的分离和鉴定，并对分离到的乙型流感病毒进行核酸的提取，采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）扩增病毒基因后进行病毒血凝素HA1基因核苷酸序列测定，用DNAMAN和BioEdit生物软件对测序结果进行分析处理，并与WHO推荐疫苗株基因进行比对。结果：分离到Yamagata系和Victoria系两个进化系的乙型流感病毒，两系毒株均未发现核苷酸的丢失和插入，糖基化位点没有太大改变。毒株之间核苷酸的同源性为95.25%，氨基酸的同源性为95.28%。Yamagata系毒株HA1区域核苷酸序列长度为1038 bp，推导的氨基酸序列长度为346个，氨基酸变异替换数在6-8之间；Victoria系毒株HA1区域的核苷酸序列长度为1041 bp，推导的氨基酸序列长度为347个，氨基酸变异替换数在2-8之间，相比Yamagata系毒株在163位上都多1个天冬酰胺（N）。基因进化树上可见明显的Yamagata系和Victoria系两个分支。结论：浙江省人群交替流行着Yamagata系和Victoria系两个抗原性不同的进化系的乙型流感病毒，病毒的基因发生了变异，抗原已发生漂移。2001、2006两年WHO推荐乙型流感疫苗株与我省当年流行株为不同谱系毒株，预防保护效果不够理想，其余年份为同一谱系毒株，预防保护效果较好。     

Human aflatoxin albumin adducts quantitatively compared by ELISA, HPLC with fluorescence detection, and HPLC with isotope dilution mass spectrometry

Essential to the conduct of epidemiologic studies examining aflatoxin exposure and the risk of heptocellular carcinoma, impaired growth, and acute toxicity has been the development of quantitative biomarkers of exposure to aflatoxins, particularly aflatoxin B(1). In this study, identical serum sample sets were analyzed for aflatoxin-albumin adducts by ELISA, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection (HPLC-f), and HPLC with isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS). The human samples analyzed were from an acute aflatoxicosis outbreak in Kenya in 2004 (n = 102) and the measured values ranged from 0.018 to 67.0, nondetectable to 13.6, and 0.002 to 17.7 ng/mg albumin for the respective methods. The Deming regression slopes for the HPLC-f and ELISA concentrations as a function of the IDMS concentrations were 0.71 (r(2) = 0.95) and 3.3 (r(2) = 0.96), respectively. When the samples were classified as cases or controls, based on clinical diagnosis, all methods were predictive of outcome (P < 0.01). Further, to evaluate assay precision, duplicate samples were prepared at three levels by dilution of an exposed human sample and were analyzed on three separate days. Excluding one assay value by ELISA and one assay by HPLC-f, the overall relative SD were 8.7%, 10.5%, and 9.4% for IDMS, HPLC-f, and ELISA, respectively. IDMS was the most sensitive technique and HPLC-f was the least sensitive method. Overall, this study shows an excellent correlation between three independent methodologies conducted in different laboratories and supports the validation of these technologies for assessment of human exposure to this environmental toxin and carcinogen.     

MicroRNA-21 down-regulates the expression of tumor suppressor PDCD4 in human glioblastoma cell T98G

MicroRNAs have been linked to different cancer-related processes. The microRNA miR-21 appears to function as an anti-apoptosis factor in glioblastomas. However, the functional target genes of miR-21 are largely unknown in glioblastomas. In this study, bioinformatics analysis was used to identify miR-21 target sites in various genes. Luciferase activity assay showed that a number of genes involved in apoptosis, PDCD4, MTAP, and SOX5, carry putative miR-21 binding sites. Expression of PDCD4 protein correlates inversely with expression of miR-21 in a number of human glioblastoma cell lines such as T98G, A172, U87, and U251. Inhibition of miR-21 increases endogenous levels of PDCD4 in cell line T98G and over-expression miR-21 inhibits PDCD4-dependent apoptosis. Together, these results indicate that miR-21 expression plays a key role in regulating cellular processes in glioblastomas and may serve as a target for effective therapies.     

Pathological features of gastric cancer in Zhuanghe high-risk area in China during 1992–2005

Objective  To investigate the pathological features and chronological changes of 1003 cases with gastric cancer in Zhuanghe high-risk area during 1992–2005 and the relationship between the changes and etiology factors in order to make a clue for gastric cancer prevention. Methods  A total of 1003 gastric cancer specimens resected surgically between 1992–2005 in Zhuanghe Center Hospital were studied. The specimens were fixed in formalin and diagnosed by routine pathology. Results  The incidence of patients with gastric cancer was highest at age of 60–69, the next high was at age of 50–59 and it was significantly higher in male than in female (P<0.001), the ratio was 3.0:1. During the past 14 years, there were 159 (15.9%) EGC, 195 (19.4%) moderate and 649 (64.7%) advanced gastric cancer detected. In macroscopical features, type III remained dominant in EGC, the next was mixed type in EGC. In advanced gastric cancer the Borrmann’s type III remained the dominant, the next was type II. For nodal metastasis, positive cases were decreasing and negative were increasing in EGC, moreover negative cases were higher than positive ones each year. There was no obvious trend in advanced cancer but positive cases were higher than negative ones each year. In histological features, papillary, moderately and poorly differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma remained downtrend, mucus adenocarcinoma and undifferentiation cancer remained uptrend year after year. The radio of intestinal to diffuse type decreased from 0.78 to 0.62 during the past 14 years. Conclusion  There were significant chorological trends of pathological characteristic of gastric cancer in Zhuanghe high-risk area during the past 14 years. This work was supported by the National “Tenth-Five” Key Technologies R&D Program of China (2004BA703B04-02)     

食管鳞状细胞癌组织中埃兹蛋白与淋巴管生长因子表达的意义

目的 探讨埃兹蛋白(Ezrin)、淋巴管生长因子-C(VEGF-C)在食管鳞状细胞癌(ESCC)组织中的表达及其与临床病理的关系.方法 采用免疫组织化学法检测49份ESCC组织及其周围正常食管组织中Ezrin、VEGF-C的表达.结果 Ezrin在ESCC及其周围正常食管组织中表达率为85.7%(42/49)和26.5%(13/49),VEGF-C在ESCC及其周围正常食管组织中表达率为59.2%(29/49)和12.2%(6/49),差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).Ezrin、VEGF-C的表达程度与ESCC的临床分期、淋巴结转移相关(P＜0.05),与ESCC的分化程度、浸润深度无关(P＞0.05).结论 Ezrin与VEGF-C的联合检测可能成为判断ESCC转移与预后的重要指标.     

The experimental investigation of ultrasonic properties for a sonicated contrast agent and its application in biomedicine

The ultrasonic properties of a promising ultrasound (US) contrast agent, named SDA (sonicated dextrose albumin) are reported in this paper. SDA is a suspension of stable microencapsulated gas bubbles with average diameter 2.0 microm prepared from sonicated dextrose albumin. The ultrasonic linear and nonlinear parameters, such as acoustic velocity, sound attenuation and acoustic nonlinearity parameter B/A of SDA, as a function of its bubble concentration from 1.0 x 10(7) to 2.05 x 10(8) microbubbles/mL in the frequency range of 2-6 MHz are measured in vitro. The sound attenuation coefficients over 2-6 MHz are linearly proportional to the bubble concentration and frequency. It is important to point out that the acoustic nonlinearity parameter B/A for SDA has a very large value that nonlinearly increases with the increase of bubble concentration.     

Castleman's disease confined to the leptomeninges

We report a rare case of the plasma cell variant of Castleman's disease confined to the leptomeninges in a 42-year-old female. Flow cytometry demonstrated a minor monoclonal kappa light chain population, and conventional Southern blotting confirmed clonal rearrangement of the J(H) immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene. Polymerase chain reaction for Epstein-Barr virus and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus was negative. The patient is disease-free five years after surgical resection. To our knowledge, clonal gene rearrangement has not been previously reported in the plasma cell variant of localized intracranial Castleman's disease.     

射干甙抑制嗜酸性粒细胞脱颗粒实验研究

目的:研究射干甙是否具有抑制嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)脱颗粒作用。方法:哮喘病人外周血采用Percoll液密度梯度分离,收集EOS培养后检测射干甙作用前后主碱蛋白(MBP)及EOS阳离子蛋白(ECP)含量的变化。结果:射干甙作用后MBP和ECP含量降低。结论:射干甙具抑制嗜酸性粒细胞脱颗粒作用。     

老年患者血浆脑钠素水平相关因素研究

目的探讨老年患者血浆脑钠素(BNP)水平的相关因素。方法采用酶联免疫法(ELISA)测定164例老年患者血浆BNP水平,分析影响血浆BNP水平的相关因素。结果高血压病组患者血浆BNP水平为(45.16±59.22)pg/ml,高于非高血压病组(28.89±26.70)pg/ml,组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高血压并发相关疾病组血浆BNP水平(49.04±72.42)pg/ml,高于高血压非并发相关疾病组(46.25±37.04)pg/ml,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);多因素分析结果显示:高血压、SBP水平、年龄可能是影响血浆脑钠素水平的主要因素。结论高血压患者血浆脑钠素水平升高;高血压、SBP水平、年龄可能是影响血浆脑钠素水平的主要危险因素。     

比较教学学习法在药物化学中的应用

《药物化学》课程在药学、药剂和制药工程专业的教学计划中被列为专业基础课，它在《化学基础》课、《药理》课与《药剂学》、《药物分析学》等应用学科之间有承前启后的联系．它介绍的多是结构复杂的有机化合物，较有机化学中介绍的物质结构更加复杂、抽象、难懂、难记。而且药物化学研究内容广泛、发展又快，这无疑会给学生的学习带来一定的难度。为此，我们在课堂教学中针对不同内容特点相应采取了不同的教学方法，使学生认识到学好药物化学的重要性，激发学生的思维和求知欲，以便为后续学科的学习打下良好基础。