前列腺雄激素调节基因:一个新的雄激素非依赖性前列腺癌治疗的潜在靶点(英文)

目的:初步研究前列腺雄激素调节基因(PAR)与雄激素—雄激素受体信号转导通路的关系及其在前列腺癌细胞恶性转化过程中的作用,探讨通过抑制 PAR 基因治疗雄激素非依赖性前列腺癌的可能性。方法:用 RT-PCR 检测 LNCaP、PC3细胞中 PAR 基因 mRNA 表达水平的差异。分别用 RT-PCR 检测双氢睾酮对LNCaP、PC3及稳定转染了 pcDNA3-AR 的 PC3细胞株 PC3-AR 的 PAR 基因 mRNA 表达的调节作用,并观察这一调节作用是否可被雄激素受体拮抗剂氟他胺阻断。进一步用 RNA 干扰技术下调 PC3细胞 PAR 的表达,用细胞计数、软琼脂克隆形成实验、流式细胞术研究 PAR 基囚表达下调对 PC3细胞生长的抑制作用。结果:PC3细胞 PAR 基因 mRNA 的表达是 LNCaP 细胞的3倍;双氢睾酮可调节 LNCaP 和 PC3-AR 细胞株PAR 基因 mRNA 表达水平,此种对 PAR 表达的调节作用可被氟他胺阻断:双氢睾酮对 PC3细胞 PAR 基因mRNA 表达无明显影响。RNA 干扰可抑制 PC3细胞 PAR 基因表达,使细胞增殖受抑制,细胞周期阻滞于G_2-M 期,凋亡增加。结论:PAR 可能是雄激素—雄激素受体信号转导通路下游的与雄激素非依赖性前列腺癌恶性表型密切相关的癌基因,有望成为其基冈和药物治疗的靶点。     

末梢血管收缩反应预测气管插管血液动力学变化

目的通过末梢血管收缩反应预测气管插管引起的血液动力学变化,提供个体化气管插管所需的麻醉深度。方法末梢血管收缩反应通过强直电刺激(50 Hz、50 mA持续5 s)诱发的末梢灌注指数(tip perfusion index,TPI)变化进行监测。24例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级颅脑外科择期手术患者,麻醉诱导:咪唑安定0.06 mg/kg、芬太尼4μg/kg,丙泊酚0.25 mg.kg-1.min-1恒速输注。意识消失后每间隔1分钟电刺激一次,记录每次电刺激前后TPI的减少值(△TPI)和插管前后SBP、DBP和HR的增加值(△SBP、△DBP和△HR)。观察组(n=12),△TPI<10%刺激前值时行气管插管;对照组(n=11),不考虑△TPI的变化而根据操作者的经验决定插管时机。记录诱导前、插管前、插管后即刻、1、2和3 min时BIS、SBP、DBP和HR的值。结果插管即刻,观察组比对照组丙泊酚输注时间长(P<0.01)、用量大(P<0.01);插管后每一时间点,对照组SBP、DBP和HR都比观察组高(P<0.01)。组内比较:对照组插管前后SBP、DBP和HR明显增高(P<0.01);观察组插管前后各指标无明显变化。电刺激诱发的△TPI分别与插管引起的△SBP、△DBP和△HR成正相关(r=0.672、0.434和0.236,P<0.01)。结论电刺激诱发的末梢血管收缩反应性可有效预测气管插管引起的血液动力学变化幅度。     

女性压力性尿失禁的微创治疗

目的探讨女性压力性尿失禁的发病机制和微创治疗方法。方法女性压力性尿失禁患者25例,经临床、尿动力学检查或膀胱尿道造影确诊,均为稳定性膀胱,无膀胱出口梗阻。采用无张力阴道吊带术(TVT),将吊带无张力置于尿道中段。结果手术时间平均(40±5)min;术中出血量平均(43±10)mL;术后平均留置导尿1.5 d;术后平均住院3 d。23例患者术后尿失禁症状均消失,其中2例患者术后出现尿潴留,留置导尿1周后好转,尿潴留症状消失,尿失禁未复发;2例尿失禁症状显著改善。结论TVT等微创术式因简单、微创、疗效好、并发症少等,目前是女性压力性尿失禁外科手术治疗的发展方向。     

炎症因子参与神经病理性疼痛-抑郁共病的研究进展

背景 神经病理性疼痛与抑郁症共病严重影响了患者的生活质量.近年来研究发现,炎症因子在神经病理性疼痛抑郁共病发病中起重要作用.目的 综述炎症因子参与神经病理性疼痛抑郁共病的研究进展,为该病的有效防治提供参考 内容 神经病理性疼痛与感觉系统的功能障碍相关,它包括触诱发痛、痛觉过敏、自发痛等一系列疼痛症状.抑郁症表现为心境低落和厌恶活动.小胶质细胞激活后,释放的炎症因子如TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β,通过结合5-羟色胺受体、谷氨酸盐受体、γ-氨基丁酸能受体及激活下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺素轴促进神经病理性疼痛和抑郁症的发生.趋向 炎症因子可能是治疗神经病理性疼痛-抑郁共病的靶标.     

右美托咪定复合羟考酮用于脊椎手术后静脉镇痛的临床效果

目的 评价右美托咪定(dexmedetomidine,Dex)复合羟考酮(oxycodone,OD)用于脊柱外科手术后患者自控静脉镇痛(patient-controlled intravenous analgesia,PCIA)的临床效果. 方法 择期全身麻醉下行脊柱外科手术的患者100例,ASA分级Ⅰ、Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法分为4组(每组25例):OD组、OD 1.0 mg/kg+Dex 2.5μg/kg组(OD1组)、OD 0.8 mg/kg+Dex 2.5 μg/kg组(OD2组)和OD 0.6 mg/kg+Dex 2.5 μg/kg组(OD3组).各组配方均用生理盐水稀释至200 ml.手术结束前15 min,静脉注射OD 0.1 mg/kg,同时连接PCIA泵,背景输注速率3.5～4.5 ml/h,患者自控镇痛(patient-controlled analgesia,PCA)剂量2 ml、锁定时间20 min.采用静脉注射OD 0.05 mg/kg进行补救镇痛,维持VAS评分≤4分.记录术后48 h内补救镇痛情况、PCA有效按压次数、心动过缓、低血压、恶心、呕吐、镇静过度、嗜睡、皮肤瘙痒、呼吸抑制等副作用的发生情况,记录术后72 h时患者镇痛满意度. 结果 4组均未行补救镇痛,均未见镇静过度、呕吐、呼吸抑制和低血压发生.与OD组比较,OD1组嗜睡发生率升高,OD2组和OD3组恶心、嗜睡、心动过缓和皮肤瘙痒发生率降低,OD1组、OD2组、OD3组患者术后镇痛满意度均升高(P＜0.05);与OD1组比较,OD2组和OD3组恶心、嗜睡、心动过缓和皮肤瘙痒发生率降低,OD2组患者术后镇痛满意度显著升高(P＜0.05),OD3组患者术后镇痛满意度降低(P＜0.05);与OD2组比较,OD3组副作用发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),OD3组患者术后镇痛满意度降低(P＜0.05);与OD组、OD1组和OD2组比较,OD3组PCA有效按压次数显著增加(P＜0.01). 结论 Dex 2.5 μg/kg复合OD 0.8 mg/kg用于脊柱手术后PCIA效果确切,可减少OD的用量,降低其副作用的发生率,提高患者对术后镇痛的总体满意度.     

The incidence and fate of endoleaks vary between ruptured and elective endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair

Background

The number of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (r-AAA) patients who are treated by endovascular means is increasing as ruptured endovascular aneurysm repair (r-EVAR) enters the mainstream. However, even today, data on the incidence and behavior of endoleaks after r-EVAR are scarce. This study analyzed whether endoleaks behave differently after EVAR for rupture vs elective AAA repair.

Low body mass index can be predictive of bracing failure in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a retrospective study

Purposes

To determine the relationship between low body mass index (BMI) and the outcome of brace treatment in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Methods

350 braced female AIS patients were included in this study. The baseline characteristics of the patient were recorded at their first visit, including age, Risser sign, digital skeletal age, BMI, curve pattern, and curve magnitude. Underweight was defined as lower than the 5th percentile of the sex- and age-specific BMI. The treatment was considered as a failure if the curve progressed more than 5°, or if patients underwent surgery. According to the final outcome of brace treatment, the cohort was divided into the success group and the failure group. A logistic regression model was created to determine the independent predictors of the bracing outcome.

Results

24.5% (86/350) of the patients were identified as underweight at their initial visit, which was significantly higher than the rate of 13.1% (46/350) at the final follow-up (p < 0.001). At the initial visit of the patients, the rate of underweight was 17.6% (45/255) in the success group, which was significantly lower than the rate of 43.1% (41/95) in the failure group (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that low BMI was significantly associated with bracing failure (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The low BMI could be predictive of bracing failure in AIS patients, which should be taken into account when surgeons prescribe brace treatment to such patients.

     

Relationship between intermedin and renal interstitial capillary loss in IgA nephropathy patients

Objective To explore the relationship between intermedin (IMD) and renal interstitial capillary loss in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients. Methods Renal biopsy specimens collected from primary IgAN patients in our hospital (n=80) were compared with normal renal tissues. Expressions of IMD, CD31 and VE-cadherin were examined by immunohistochemical method, and plasma concentrations of IMD and TGF-β1 in 37 cases from the 80 cases were compared. The relationship between IMD and renal interstitial capillary loss in IgAN patients was analyzed. Results IMD and VE-cadherin in renal tubule interstitium expressions increased compared to the control group at the early stage of IgAN (P＜0.05). CD31 expression remained unchanged at the early stage of pathological lesions of IgAN (P＞0.05), but decreased at the early stage of clinical stage of IgAN compared to the control (P＜0.05). Expressions of IMD, CD31 and VE-cadherin were reducing as the disease progressed, and the correlations of CD31 and VE-cadherin (r=0.517, P＜0.01), IMD and CD31 (r=0.655, P＜0.01) or IMD and VE-cadherin (r=0.576, P＜0.01) were positive. Plasma concentrations of IMD and TGF-β1 were higher than those of the control group at the early stage of IgAN (P＜0.05), and the changes of IMD and TGF-β1were correlated positively (r=0.582, P＜0.01). Conclusion Compared with the control group, expression of IMD in kidney tubules increases at the early stage of IgAN, and change of IMD correlates closely with the renal interstitial capillary loss. Plasma concentrations of IMD and TGF-β1 increase compared with the control group at the early stage of IgAN, and the changes of IMD and TGF-β1 are related closely.     

Association between obesity and absolute renal risk factors in patients with IgA nephropathy

Objective To investigate the influence of obesity on renal lesion in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients by analyzing the association between obesity and absolute renal risk factors (ARR). Method Clinical-pathological data of IgAN patients diagnosed by renal biopsy in General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University were collected retrospectively. According to the body mass index (BMI), patients were divided into non-obese group (BMI＜28, N-OB group) and obese group (BMI≥28, OB group). Their clinical characteristics, pathological index and ARR scores were compared. The relationship of BMI and ARR was analyzed by ordinal logistic regression models. Results (1) A total of 674 IgAN patients with mean age of 35.5±11.3 years were enrolled, including 94 in OB group and 580 in N-OB group respectively. Compared with those in the N-OB group, the proportion of male, age, mean arterial pressure, blood uric acid, blood triglyceride, diabetes mellitus and hypertension increased in OB group (all P＜0.01). Patients in OB group had lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and higher ARR score than those in N-OB group (all P＜0.05). (2) More severe thickening renal small artery wall and hyaline degeneration were observed in the OB group than in the N-OB group (all P＜0.01). There was no statistical difference between the two groups in Lee classification, Oxford classification, mesangial cell proliferation, glomerular sclerosis, crescent formation, renal tubular atrophy, interstitial inflammatory cell in filtration and endothelial cell proliferation. (3) After adjusting for age, sex, blood uric acid, serum albumin, eGFR, low density lipoprotein, glomerular sclerosis, interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration, renal tubular atrophy and vascular wall thickening, BMI was still an independent risk factors for ARR in IgAN patients (OR=1.09, 95%CI 1.03-1.14). Conclusions BMI is an independent risk factors for ARR in IgAN patients. Early prevention and control of obesity and its associated risk factors may improve outcomes of IgAN patients.