Long-term application of diethylstilbestrol upregulates expressions of μ- and m-calpains in pituitary intermediate lobe of female Wistar rats

BACKGROUND: During formation of prolactin neoplasia, how cells and its structure in adenohypophysis affect prolactin cells should be further studied. Intermediate lobe can be regarded as a driving region to release prolactin (PRL) and may promote formation of prolactin neoplasia in pituitary anterior lobe. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of diethylstilbestrol (DES) on the expressions of μ and m-calpains in pituitary intermediate lobe of female Wistar rats. DESIGN: Observational contrast animal study. SETTING: Beijing Neurosurgical Institute. MATERIALS: A total of 21 female Wistar rats, 3 weeks old weighing 70–80 g were housed with free access to tap water and standard pellet food. They were kept in a CL-grade condition, at (24±1)℃ and a humidity of (55±5)%, and with a 12 hours day-night cycle. Caprine anti-μ- and m-calpains antibodies were provided by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA, USA; rabbit-anti-PRL antibodies by Dako, Denmark; rabbit-anti-ACTH antibody by Boster Company, Wuhan. METHODS: The experiment was carried out in Pathophysiological Department and Animal Laboratory, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute from August 2006 to January 2007. ① Rats were randomly divided into groups with 7 in each group, including vehicle control group, in which rats were injected intraperitoneally with sun-flower seed oil (1 mL/kg, twice a week) for 16 weeks; DES group, where animals were administered with DES (5 mg/kg, twice a week) for 16 weeks; DES + vehicle control group, in which DES was administered for 12 weeks at the same dose with those in DES group, and then was discontinued and replaced by sun-flower seed oil (1 mL/kg, twice a week) for the following 4 weeks. ② At 16 weeks later, pituitary tissue was dealt with HE staining and PRL immunohistochemical examination to observe evoke of tumor; meanwhile, immunohistochemical examination was used to observe expression of PRL of pituitary anterior lobe, expressions of μ- and m-calpains of pituitary intermediate lobe and distribution of adrenocorticotropin. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Expression of PRL of pituitary anterior lobe, expressions of μ- and m-calpains of pituitary intermediate lobe and distribution of adrenocorticotropin. ② Morphological observation of pituitary tissue. RESULTS: All 21 rats were involved in the final analysis. ① Results of immunohistochemical examination: Morphological changes of neoplasia in DES group were strongly positive to PRL, and this suggested that formation of prolactin adenoma was observed in pituitary tissue. As compared with vehicle control group, expression of adrenoeorticotropic hormone (ACTH) was increased in both DES group and DES + vehicle control group. In addition, expressions of μ- and m-calpains in pituitary intermediate lobe were higher in DES group than that in vehicle control group. Otherwise, expressions of m-calpains in pituitary intermediate lobe was decreased in DES + vehicle control group, but expression of μ-calpains was still increased. ② Morphological observation of pituitary tissue: Gland tubes were orderly arranged in rats in vehicle control group. Anterior pituitary gland in rats of DES group demonstrated an apparent disappearance of gland tubes and a relatively large-scaled vasculature formation, namely the vascular lake lined by tightly arranged endothelial cells. Local integrated tumor cell arrangements were also detected. In addition, the border between the IL and the anterior lobe was locally blurred. The definite tumor-like changes in pituitary tissues were confirmed in 6 of 7 female Wistar rats in DES group, and one spontaneous occurrence of tumor formation was found in vehicle control group. In DES + vehicle control group, DES withdrawal led to the subtile emergence of gland tube cavity, although tumor-like cells still existed in 4 of 7 rats, suggesting occurrence of the tumor regression due to the withdrawal of DES. CONCLUSION: A long-term application of DES can enhance the expressions of ubiquitours neutral cysteine protease in pituitary intermediate lobe and this suggests that both of them play a key role in release of hormone and formation of prolactin neoplasia through directly promoting PRL expression and release of neighboring pituitary intermediate lobe.     

肿瘤物理治疗技术及设备

简要介绍了肿瘤的放射治疗和热治疗的技术及设备，介绍了各种技术及设备的特点。     

浙江医科大学附二院门诊处方中精神药物使用调查

本文对浙江医科大学附属二院１９９３年７月间３１３７８张合格处方进行统计分析，并用限定日剂量（ＤＤＤ）和药物使用指数（ＤＵＩ）为指标，分析镇静催眠药物使用情况。结果表明苯二氮　类药方２０６７张，占总处方量的６．５９％，巴比妥类药方４９张，占０．１６％，麻醉药方１１１张；占０．３５％。苯二氮　类药方中．女性处方量１２０２张，男性处方量８６５张，男、女组间比较有显著性差异。苯二氮　类药方多分布在神经内科，常用的药有舒乐安定和阿普唑仑。九种常用的苯二氮　类药和麻醉性镇痛药的ＤＵＩ均小于１。提示药物滥用现象少见，该院对这类药物的管理比较严格。麻醉性镇痛药中二氢埃托啡处方占６７．５７％。     

冲动症及其司法精神鉴定(附1例报告)

作者通过对1例冲动症案例的分析,结合文献报道,初步阐述了冲动症的概念范围、临床特征与诊断标准。并讨论了其与强迫症、性心理障碍、正常性犯罪之间的区别和责任能力的评定。     

顺丁烯二酸水溶液的热反应动力学

研究了不同温度、浓度条件下，顺丁烯二酸（顺酸）非催化反应网络，即顺酸可生成反丁烯二酸（反酸）和苹果酸，反酸与苹果酸存在可逆反应。建立了该反应网络的动力学模型。测定了不同反应条件下顺酸、反酸和苹果酸浓度随时间变化的规律，据此，动力学参数进行了估值。     

Attenuation of myocardial injury due to oxygen free radicals(OFR) by pretreatment with OFR or calcitonin gene-related peptide

目的：研究氧自由基（ＯＦＲ）及降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）预处置对ＯＦＲ所致离体大鼠心脏损伤的拮抗作用．方法：Ｌａｎｇｅｎｄｏｒｆ法灌流心脏，电解ＫＨ液产生ＯＦＲ．结果：ＣＧＲＰ或ＯＦＲ预处置减轻ＯＦＲ所致心脏收缩功能下降，冠脉流量减少和肌酸激酶（ＣＫ）释放增加．蛋白激酶Ｃ（ＰＫＣ）抑制剂Ｈ７可取消ＯＦＲ预处置的心脏保护作用（对照组，ＯＦＲ损伤组，ＯＦＲ预处置组，Ｈ７加ＯＦＲ预处置组及Ｈ７组的ＣＫ释放量分别是１１０±７，２１５±２３，１６９±１４，２４０±３０，１１３±１９Ｕ·Ｌ－１）．结论：ＯＦＲ或ＣＧＲＰ预处置对ＯＦＲ所致心肌损伤具有拮抗作用，该作用与ＰＫＣ激活有关．     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子受体基因在牛眼晶体上皮细胞内的表达

目的探讨碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（ｂａｓｉｃｆｉｂｒｏｂｌａｓｔｇｒｏｗｔｈｆａｃｔｏｒ，ｂＦＧＦ）对晶体上皮细胞促增殖作用的机理。方法从培养的第二代牛眼晶体上皮细胞提取ＲＮＡ，经逆转录反应合成ｃＤＮＡ。借助从人体胎盘纤维细胞ｂＦＧＦ受体序列合成的寡核苷酸引物，聚合酶链反应体外扩增ｃＤＮＡ。扩增的ｃＤＮＡ片段克隆后，Ｓａｎｇｅｒ双脱氧链终止法测定其序列。结果探测出牛眼晶体上皮细胞ｂＦＧＦ受体的ｍＲＮＡ，测序后发现其氨基酸序列片段中仅３个氨基酸与人体不同。结论晶体上皮细胞存在ｂＦＧＦ受体，当ｂＦＧＦ与其受体结合后，对促进晶体上皮细胞的增殖以及白内障术后后囊混浊具有重要作用。     

中医五色理论在现代色彩心理学及疗法中的佐证初探

[目的]探讨中医五色理论在现代色彩心理学及色彩疗法方面的证据。[方法]以中医五脏生理功能为线索,结合现代色彩心理学及色彩疗法,对中医五色理论在视觉刺激方面的应用加以探讨。[结果]现代色彩心理学理论以及色彩疗法,在很大程度上为中医五色理论在视觉刺激方面的应用提供了有力的证据。[结论]对根据中医理论辨证施以中医色彩疗法的探讨与研究具有相当的可行性与必要性。     

腹水良恶性细胞核仁组成区定量研究

使用胶质银染色技术，对２８例良性腹水和２６例恶性腹水进行核仁组成区（ＡｇＮＯＲｓ）形态定量研究。结果表明：良性腹水间皮细胞与恶性腹水癌细胞二者在ＡｇＮＯＲｓ数目、形态、大小及核内分布方面均存在显著差异。另外，对５例临床上疑诊恶性腹水而常规脱落细胞学（ＨＥ）染色阴性或未肯定者进行上述定量分析，确定腹水良恶性质，结果与组织病理学诊断相一致。提示该技术在一定程度上可弥补常规脱落细胞形态学之不足。