Clostridium difficile treatment failures and recurrences occur at rates of 22.3% and 22.1%, respectively. For patients who have refractory/recurrent disease, there are limited treatment options. The use of a fecal suspension from a healthy donor instilled via a nasogastric tube, during colonoscopy, or by enema in a patient with recurrent or refractory C. difficile infection has shown a response rate of 75 to 100% with minimal adverse effects. There are multiple published case series that provide variations in administration procedures. The main barrier is the need for institutions and clinics to develop protocols to ensure this treatment modality is available to patients with this debilitating and potentially fatal disease. 相似文献
Domestic violence (DV) by husbands or in-laws is a recognized problem in many countries and is associated with a wide range of adverse mental health outcomes. However, detailed knowledge on the relationship between DV experience and postpartum depression (PPD) is essential to design appropriate interventions. Therefore, this study assesses the relationship between maternal experience of DV perpetrated by husbands or in-laws and PPD in Bangladesh.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted from October to December 2019 among 497 mothers within the first 6 months postpartum who attended a health center in Rajshahi City Corporation, Bangladesh. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to identify the associations after controlling for potential confounders.
Results
The prevalence of PPD in this sample was 34% within the first 6 months after birth; 58.6% of mothers reported having experienced any form of DV in their lifetime. Maternal experience of any form of DV (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.19–2.93) was associated with PPD, as were experiences of any physical DV (AOR = 2.25; 95% CI = 1.40–3.59), emotional DV (AOR = 2.07; 95% CI = 1.34–3.19), and controlling behavior (AOR = 1.69; 95% CI = 1.08–2.66). Additionally, the likelihood of PPD significantly increased among women who experienced more forms of DV.
Conclusion
DV perpetrated by husband and/or in-laws is highly prevalent and significantly associated with PPD in Bangladesh. Strategies in developing interventions for improving maternal mental health should consider DV perpetrated by either husband or in-laws.
Journal of Behavioral Medicine - Individuals with chronic low back pain (cLBP) frequently report sleep disturbances. Living in a neighborhood characterized by low-socioeconomic status (SES) is... 相似文献
β-lactamases of Enterobacteriaceae are the most important mechanism of resistance against β-lactam drugs. Two types of β-lactamases can confer resistance against 3rd generation cephalosporins. Chromosomally mediated β-lactamases are inducible and are not inhibited by clavulanic acid. Resistance due to these enzymes is non-transferable. The 2nd type of enzyme is plasmid-mediated β-lactamases, which are inhibited by clavulanic acid. These enzymes are more important clinically as these can be transferred between various species of Enterobacteria ceae. These enzymes are called extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae have been responsible for numerous outbreaks of infection throughout the world and pose challenging infection control issues. Antibacterial choice is often complicated by multi-resistance. ESBLs can confer resistance against all β-lactam drugs except carbapenems and cephamycins. Nursing home patients may be an important reservoir of ESBL-containing multiple antibiotic-resistant organisms. Use of broad-spectrum oral antibiotics and probably poor infection control practices may facilitate spread of this plasmid-mediated resistance. In addition to known populations at risk, ambulatory patients with chronic conditions represent another patient population that may harbor ESBL-producing organisms. Various methods can be used for detection of ESBLs in the laboratory. These tests include double disc diffusion test, Vitek ESBL test, E Tests, MIC Determination, genetic method, and isoelectric focusing (IEF). 相似文献
The phase change behavior of vanadium dioxide (VO2) has been widely explored in a variety of optical and photonic applications. Commonly, its optical parameters have been studied in two extreme regimes: hot (metallic) and cold (insulating) states. However, in the transition temperatures, VO2 acts like an inherent metamaterial with mixed metallic-insulating character. In this range, the portions of metallic and insulating inclusions are tuned by temperature, and therefore a gradual change of optical parameters can be achieved. In this paper, a universal hybrid modeling approach is developed to model VO2 in the intermediate region. For this aim, the measured reflectivity data, is analyzed and matched through the transfer matrix method (TMM) simulations where an effective medium theory (EMT) is employed. Based on the findings of this approach, not only the relative portions of inclusions are tailored but also their grain shapes are significantly altered in the transition range. Finally, the modeling approach is testified by experimental findings through dynamic device applications operating at short and mid infrared wavelengths. In addition, the hysteretic behaviors on electrical, optical, and structural parameters of the VO2 film along the heating and cooling cycles are demonstrated by the experiments and scrutinized by the simulations.A universal hybrid modeling approach is developed to model VO2 in transition, revealing dynamic behavior of metallic inclusions and grain shapes. 相似文献
We utilized collagen specific second harmonic generation (SHG) signatures coupled with correlative immunofluorescence imaging techniques to characterize collagen structural isoforms (type I and type III) in a murine model of myocardial infarction (MI). Tissue samples were imaged over a four week period using SHG, transmitted light microscopy and immunofluorescence imaging using fluorescently-labeled collagen antibodies. The post-mortem cardiac tissue imaging using SHG demonstrated a progressive increase in collagen deposition in the left ventricle (LV) post-MI. We were able to monitor structural morphology and LV remodeling parameters in terms of extent of LV dilation, stiffness and fiber dimensions in the infarcted myocardium. 相似文献