急性热应激对大鼠血清ACTH及CORT水平的影响

目的 探讨急性热应激对大鼠血清促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)及皮质醇(CORT)水平的影响.方法 选用雄性Wistar大鼠,随机分为对照组与热暴露组,对照组室温为24℃,热暴露组室温为32℃.经7d热暴露后,分别测定大鼠脑垂体与肾上腺的相对质量,采用体温遥感技术检测大鼠体温变化,通过放射免疫法检测ACTH、CORT水平.结果 与对照组相比,急性热应激对大鼠体核温度和体质量影响差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而大鼠脑垂体和肾上腺的相对质量增加(P＜0.05),大鼠ACTH、CORT水平升高(P＜0.05).结论 急性热应激可通过升高ACTH、CORT水平,激活下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴(HPA)途径调控应激反应.     

经尿道前列腺气化电切术治前列腺增生症的疗效及并发症的探讨

目的：探讨经尿道前列腺气化电切术治前列腺增生症的疗效及并发症。方法选取2011年10月—2014年10月该院收治的40例前列腺增生症患者作为观察组,给予经尿道前列腺气化电切术(TUVRP)治疗;选取2007年10月—2010年10月该院收治的43例患者作为对照组,给予膀胱开放性手术治疗。结果观察组手术时间、术中出血量、术后冲洗时间、留置尿管时间及住院时间均显著少于对照组;治疗后IPSS、QOL、Qmax等指标改善明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者并发症发生率对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论经尿道前列腺气化电切术治前列腺增生症,具有明显的无创性,促进患者病情康复,值得临床推广。     

Krüppel 样因子4 在神经母细胞瘤中的表达及其与细胞 增殖和侵袭的关系

目的观察Krüppel样因子4(KLF4)在神经母细胞瘤中的表达及其对神经母细胞瘤细胞增殖和侵袭的影响。方法RT-PCR和免疫组织化学法检测神经母细胞瘤组织及癌旁组织中KLF4的表达。采用电穿孔转染法将KLF4 siRNA转入神经母细胞瘤SK-N-MC细胞中,MTT检测KLF4对神经母细胞瘤SK-N-MC细胞增殖的影响,Boyden小室检测KLF4对神经母细胞瘤SK-N-MC细胞侵袭的影响。结果与癌旁组织相比,神经母细胞瘤组织中KLF4表达水平显著降低,并随病理分期的升高而降低(P<0.05)。转染KLF4 siRNA可显著下调神经母细胞瘤SK-N-MC细胞中KLF4的表达,而KLF4表达下调可显著促进SK-N-MC细胞的增殖和迁移(P<0.01)。结论KLF4可抑制神经母细胞瘤细胞的增殖和侵袭,KLF4低表达可能与神经母细胞瘤的发生和发展密切相关。     

广西壮族自治区2005-2021年新报告男男性行为人群HIV感染者晚发现及影响因素分析

目的分析广西壮族自治区(广西)防治艾滋病攻坚工程开展前后MSM HIV感染者(MSM感染者)的晚发现变化趋势及其影响因素, 从中寻找现阶段需要优先干预的人群。方法从中国疾病预防控制信息系统艾滋病防治基本信息系统中选取2005-2021年广西新报告的MSM感染者作为研究对象。采用Joinpoint 4.9.1.0软件对晚发现病例和非晚发现病例进行时间趋势检验, 运用logistic回归分析各阶段晚发现的影响因素。结果 2005-2021年广西新报告MSM感染者共5 764例, 晚发现比例为28.45%(1 640例)。以2015年为界, 晚发现比例呈先急速下降后趋于稳定的趋势, 平均年度变化百分比=-6.90%(P<0.001), 2010年后常住人口、职业为农民工和样本来源于就诊医疗等因素在攻坚工程开展前后对晚发现的影响效应变化较大, 现阶段晚发现的影响因素有年龄、常住人口、职业为农民工和学生。结论攻坚工程前后广西新报告MSM感染者的晚发现比例下降趋势明显, 但晚发现仍不容忽视, 需针对常住人口、农民工和学生人群开展精准防控。     

Preparation,characterization and evaluation of multi-component-loaded liposomes containing Tat-TOS,phospholipase D inhibitor and doxorubicin

In the present study, we aimed to co-load the α-TOS conjugate Tat-TOS with the phospholipase D inhibitor FIPI and the antitumor drug doxorubicin (DOX) in a liposome delivery system for antitumor metastasis. Firstly, Tat-TOS was synthesized by solid-phase synthesis, and its structure was confirmed. The ability of free and liposomal Tat-TOS to induce apoptosis in vitro was evaluated by flow cytometry. Biodistribution of Tat-TOS-loaded liposomes was investigated by a molecular imaging system. Multi-component-loaded liposomes modified with Tat-TOS containing FIPI and DOX was prepared by thin film dispersion method in combination with pH gradient method and post-insertion method. Physicochemical properties were determined, and the in vitro uptake ability of the formulations was evaluated. The results showed that the prepared liposomes were characterized by a uniform particle size distribution and small particle size. The encapsulation efficiency of FIPI and DOX exceeded 85%. Both free and liposomal Tat-TOS significantly improved the activity of inducing apoptosis of tumor cells. The liposomes modified with Tat-TOS were apparently accumulated in normal lung tissue and tumor metastasized lung. Multi-component-loaded liposomes exhibited the strongest cell uptake capacity, suggesting a stronger anti-metastatic effect and anti-tumor activity in vivo.     

The prognostic significance of the prognostic nutritional index in cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose

The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) is a simple and effective parameter, initially created to evaluate preoperative nutritional conditions and surgical risk. It has been recently been found to be associated with short- and long-term outcomes of various malignancies. We performed a meta-analysis to determine the predictive significance of PNI in cancer, as a mean to assist in determining the optimal surgery timing and in improving the survival of cancer patients.

Methods

Data were retrieved from PubMed and ISI Web of Science to identify eligible studies. Odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) were extracted and pooled to explore the relationships of PNI with patient survival and clinicopathological features.

Results

Fourteen studies with a total of 3,414 participants met the inclusion criteria. Low PNI was associated with poor overall survival (pooled OR 1.80, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.59–2.04) and the presence of post-operative complications (pooled OR 2.45, 95 % CI 1.31–4.58) in cancer patients, but not with cancer-specific survival (CSS) (pooled HR 1.81, 95 % CI 0.94–3.49). PNI was also found to be associated with invasion depth (pooled OR 5.07, 95 % CI 2.34–10.96) and lymph node metastasis (pooled OR 3.70, 95 % CI 2.32–5.92) in gastric cancer, whereas TNM stage was the only clinicopathological feature associated with PNI in colorectal carcinoma (pooled OR 1.81, 95 % CI 1.24–2.64).

Conclusions

PNI might be an effective predictive indicator for the prognosis of cancer, especially digestive system carcinomas. Further studies are required to verify the significance of PNI in clinical practice.     

Effect of Huangqin decoction on regulating intestinal flora in colitis mice characterized as inhibition of the NOD2-dependent pathway

ContextChinese herb Huangqin decoction (HQD) can regulate intestinal flora in ulcerative colitis (UC) mice.ObjectiveOur study clarifies the mechanism of HQD in regulating the intestinal flora of UC mice.Materials and methodsMale C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into six groups: Control, Model (3% DSS), Sulfasalazine (500 mg/kg), HQD-L (250 mg/kg), HQD-M (500 mg/kg), and HQD-H (1000 mg/kg) groups. Measurement of body weight, colon length, DAI, and haematoxylin–eosin staining were conducted. FISH and 16S rDNA detected colonic bacterial infiltration and intestinal flora changes. The expression of RegIIIγ and PRRs (NOD2, TLR5, TLR4) were detected by FCM and WB, respectively. In addition, WB, qPCR, or IHC were used to detect the expression of NOD2, MyD88, RIP2, and NF-κB p65 in the colon. ELISA was used to determine cytokines.ResultsCompared with the model group (DAI score, 2.38 ± 0.05; histological score, 4.08 ± 0.54), HQD treatment significantly reduced the DAI score (L, 2.16 ± 0.09; M, 1.45 ± 0.05; H, 1.18 ± 0.05) and histological score (L, 3.16 ± 0.82; M, 2.50 ± 0.81; H, 1.51 ± 0.76); restored the weight, the colonic length (p < 0.05). 16S rDNA identification showed HQD regulated the balance of intestinal flora. Moreover, HQD suppressed the expression of RegIIIγ (p < 0.05) and prevented colonic bacterial infiltration. Furthermore, WB results showed NOD2, and TLR4 were inhibited by HQD, especially NOD2 (p < 0.01). The data of WB, qPCR, and IHC demonstrated that the NOD2-dependent pathway was inhibited by HQD (p < 0.01).Discussion and conclusionsHQD (1000 mg/kg) regulates the intestinal flora of colitis mice, mainly characterized as inhibition of the NOD2-dependent pathway. These results indicate that HQD has potential.     

Microestimates of wealth for all low- and middle-income countries

Many critical policy decisions, from strategic investments to the allocation of humanitarian aid, rely on data about the geographic distribution of wealth and poverty. Yet many poverty maps are out of date or exist only at very coarse levels of granularity. Here we develop microestimates of the relative wealth and poverty of the populated surface of all 135 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) at 2.4 km resolution. The estimates are built by applying machine-learning algorithms to vast and heterogeneous data from satellites, mobile phone networks, and topographic maps, as well as aggregated and deidentified connectivity data from Facebook. We train and calibrate the estimates using nationally representative household survey data from 56 LMICs and then validate their accuracy using four independent sources of household survey data from 18 countries. We also provide confidence intervals for each microestimate to facilitate responsible downstream use. These estimates are provided free for public use in the hope that they enable targeted policy response to the COVID-19 pandemic, provide the foundation for insights into the causes and consequences of economic development and growth, and promote responsible policymaking in support of sustainable development.

Many critical decisions require accurate, quantitative data on the local distribution of wealth and poverty. Governments and nonprofit organizations rely on such data to target humanitarian aid and design social protection systems (1, 2); businesses use this information to guide marketing and investment strategies (3); these data also provide the foundation for entire fields of basic and applied social science research (4).Yet reliable economic data are expensive to collect, and only half of all countries have access to adequate data on poverty (5). In some cases, the data that do exist are subject to political capture and censorship (6, 7) and often cannot be disaggregated below the largest administrative level (8). The scarcity of quantitative data impedes policymakers and researchers interested in addressing global poverty and inequality and hinders the broad international coalition working toward the Sustainable Development Goals, in particular toward the first goal of ending poverty in all its forms everywhere (9).To address these data gaps, researchers have developed approaches to construct poverty maps from nontraditional data. These include methods from small area statistics that combine household sample surveys with comprehensive census data (10), as well as more recent use of satellite “nightlights” (11–13), mobile phone data (14, 15), social media (16), high-resolution satellite imagery (17–21), or a combination of these (22, 23). But to date these efforts have focused on a single continent or a select set of countries, limiting their relevance to development objectives that require a global perspective.     

Dual Thermo- and Photo-Responsive Micelles Based on Azobenzene-Containing Random Copolymer

Amphiphilic random copolymer poly(methacrylamido-azobenzene)-ran-poly(2-hydroxyethylacrylate) (PMAAAB-ran-PHEA) was synthesized via hydrolysis of poly(methacrylamido-azobenzene)-ran-poly[2-((2′-tetrahydropyranyl)oxy)ethylacrylate] (PMAAAB-ran-P(THP-HEA)), which was prepared by conventional radical polymerization. PMAAAB-ran-PHEA micelles were then prepared via dialysis method against water with DMF as solvent. The structure, morphology, size, and low critical solution temperature (LCST) of PMAAAB-ran-PHEA and its micelles were determined by ¹H-NMR, GPC, TEM, and DLS. The thermo- and photo-responsive behaviors of the resulting polymer micelles were investigated with Nile red as a fluorescence probe. The results showed that PMAAAB-ran-PHEA micelles were porous or bowl-shaped and its size was 135–150 nm, and its LCST was 55 °C when F_MAAAB of the random copolymer was 0.5351; the hydrophobicity of the micellar core was changed reversibly under the irradiation of UV light and visible light without release of Nile red or disruption of micelles; the size and solubilization capacity of the micelles were dependent on temperature, and Nile red would migrate for many times between the water phase and the micelles, and finally increasingly accumulated during the repeated heating and cooling processes.