全文获取类型
收费全文 | 116229篇 |
免费 | 5919篇 |
国内免费 | 138篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 1773篇 |
儿科学 | 5204篇 |
妇产科学 | 3929篇 |
基础医学 | 16078篇 |
口腔科学 | 2833篇 |
临床医学 | 8327篇 |
内科学 | 21989篇 |
皮肤病学 | 3367篇 |
神经病学 | 8988篇 |
特种医学 | 5054篇 |
外国民族医学 | 32篇 |
外科学 | 19065篇 |
综合类 | 1604篇 |
一般理论 | 29篇 |
预防医学 | 5808篇 |
眼科学 | 3446篇 |
药学 | 8058篇 |
中国医学 | 324篇 |
肿瘤学 | 6378篇 |
出版年
2018年 | 894篇 |
2017年 | 779篇 |
2016年 | 1095篇 |
2015年 | 1229篇 |
2014年 | 1618篇 |
2013年 | 2375篇 |
2012年 | 3104篇 |
2011年 | 3149篇 |
2010年 | 1978篇 |
2009年 | 1931篇 |
2008年 | 3246篇 |
2007年 | 3496篇 |
2006年 | 3630篇 |
2005年 | 3743篇 |
2004年 | 3688篇 |
2003年 | 3560篇 |
2002年 | 3515篇 |
2001年 | 7024篇 |
2000年 | 6963篇 |
1999年 | 5858篇 |
1998年 | 1622篇 |
1997年 | 1558篇 |
1996年 | 1334篇 |
1995年 | 1201篇 |
1994年 | 1091篇 |
1993年 | 1119篇 |
1992年 | 3767篇 |
1991年 | 3575篇 |
1990年 | 3563篇 |
1989年 | 3350篇 |
1988年 | 2988篇 |
1987年 | 2898篇 |
1986年 | 2808篇 |
1985年 | 2619篇 |
1984年 | 1945篇 |
1983年 | 1599篇 |
1982年 | 930篇 |
1981年 | 915篇 |
1980年 | 766篇 |
1979年 | 1824篇 |
1978年 | 1347篇 |
1977年 | 1112篇 |
1976年 | 937篇 |
1975年 | 1179篇 |
1974年 | 1212篇 |
1973年 | 1200篇 |
1972年 | 1040篇 |
1971年 | 975篇 |
1970年 | 880篇 |
1969年 | 788篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
Activating effect of substance P on nerve tissue in culture 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The effect of substance P on organotypic culture of rat sympathetic ganglia and spinal cord was studied. Substance P was able to stimulate the fibre outgrowth from explant, to increase the numbers of glial and fibroblasttypic cells in ganglia growth zone. The effect was observed in the range from 10(-5) to 10(-12) M (for sympathetic ganglia) and from 10(-5) to 10(-14) M (for spinal cord culture). It is suggested that substance P can be used as a nonspecific growth factor for peripheral and central nervous tissue. 相似文献
102.
103.
U Jonsson 《Social science & medicine (1982)》1986,22(7):745-753
At independence in 1961, Tanzania inherited a classic economic structure from Britain. The most immediate aims of the new government included replacing the colonial administration with trained nationals, radical change of the development philosophy and strategies and development of self-reliance in all development sectors. The Arusha Declaration of 1967 was the turning point in Tanzania and achievements in all the sectors can be measured against targets established soon after. This paper examines development in the health sector within the wider national framework. 相似文献
104.
105.
The purpose of this article is to present the types of marketing tools used in child care and the extent to which they are used. A study of related literature in service marketing reveals that many of the principles of marketing apply in child care. The results of a survey sent to child care centers in Atlanta, Buffalo, Kansas City, San Antonio, and Seattle are presented. The sample included 167 responses. The results are analyzed by geographic location and type of center. Methods of packaging and promoting child care centers are presented. 相似文献
106.
Renal vascular reactivity in jaundice 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Obstructive jaundice is associated with a predisposition to hypotension and acute renal failure that may be related to changes in renovascular responsiveness, particularly to norepinephrine (NE). This study was undertaken to investigate changes in vascular response to NE and to determine how these changes are related to prostaglandins. Kidneys from bile duct-ligated (BDL) rabbits (n = 5) were perfused with Krebs' solution at 7.65 ml/min, and the response to varying boluses of NE (0.78 to 6.24 micrograms) was measured as changes in perfusion pressure. When compared with sham-operated control kidneys (n = 8), a significantly blunted response was seen at all doses tested. The NE response was further assessed by measuring force development in mounted segments of main renal arteries (MRAs) (n = 8) and interlobar arteries (ILAs) (n = 6) from BDL rabbits and sham-operated controls (MRA, n = 8; ILA, n = 6). The dose-response curves were significantly depressed in both MRAs and ILAs from BDL animals. In addition, MRAs from sham-operated control animals exhibited decreased response to NE after incubation for 1 hour in jaundiced serum. This attenuated response of MRAs to NE was prevented when indomethacin (5 mg/kg) was given to BDL rabbits before death (n = 9) or when 10(-6)mol/L of indomethacin was added to jaundiced serum during incubation (n = 6). These results indicate that obstructive jaundice induces a decreased vascular contractile response in rabbits to NE and that this effect is mediated by prostaglandins. 相似文献
107.
108.
Dr. E. Mietzsch M. Koch M. Schaldach J. Werner B. Bellenberg K. U. Wentz 《Medical & biological engineering & computing》1998,36(6):673-678
The application of spin-echo magnetic resonance imaging sequences on non-invasive temperature imaging for temperature mapping
of human limbs is investigated. In an in vitro expriment performed on a meat sample, the equilibrium magnetisation P and the
spin-lattice relaxation time T1 are calculated from the values for the repetition time TR and the signal intensities obtained by a spin-echo sequence at
different tissue temperatures tures as measured by a fibre-optic probe. T1 is linearly correlated to the tissue temperature, and P is linearly correlated to the reciprocal value of the absolute temperature.
Both effects, taken together, lead to a non-linear dependency of the signal intensity on temperature. Therefore a TR leading
to maximum temperature dependency of the signal intensity is calculated and used in the futher experiments. In the in vivo
experiments, the lower legs of two volunteers are cooled from outside. Images are acquired with a spin-echo sequence (1.5T,
TR=1200 ms, TE=10 ms). A rise in signal intensity in the muscle with falling skin temperature is observed, particularly in
more peripheral muscle layers. This study shows that spin-echo sequences can be used to monitor temperature changes and temperature
differences in living muscle tissue. 相似文献
109.
Sufentanil and vecuronium are commonly used simultaneously in anaesthesia. Bradycardia and asystole have been described immediately after the administration of these two compounds. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the direct cardiac effects of sufentanil and vecuronium in all parts of the cardiac pacemaker and conduction system.
The electrophysiological effects of sufentanil and vecuronium were studied in isolated spontaneously beating guinea-pig hearts perfused by the method of Langendorff. At a concentration of 0.1 μmol/1 sufentanil a significant reduction of the spontaneous sinus rate, prolongation of atrioventricular, intraventricular and His' bundle conduction could be observed. The highest concentration of 10 μmol/1 of sufentanil led to an overall slowing of conduction velocity and to an profound slowing of spontaneous sinus rate. AV nodal as well as atrial and ventricular refractoriness were markedly prolonged at this high concentration of sufentanil. In contrast, during perfusion with vecuronium at a concentration of 0.1 μmol/1 up to 10 μmol/1 no significant effects on cardiac conduction and pacemaker activity could be observed.
In conclusion, the electrophysiological effects of sufentanil are comparable to that of unspecific calcium antagonists. Therefore, especially in patients with a preexisting damage of the cardiac conduction system, the indirect effect of the combination of sufentanil and vecuronium which is predominantly responsible for bradycardia and asystole may be worsened by the direct effects of sufentanil. 相似文献
The electrophysiological effects of sufentanil and vecuronium were studied in isolated spontaneously beating guinea-pig hearts perfused by the method of Langendorff. At a concentration of 0.1 μmol/1 sufentanil a significant reduction of the spontaneous sinus rate, prolongation of atrioventricular, intraventricular and His' bundle conduction could be observed. The highest concentration of 10 μmol/1 of sufentanil led to an overall slowing of conduction velocity and to an profound slowing of spontaneous sinus rate. AV nodal as well as atrial and ventricular refractoriness were markedly prolonged at this high concentration of sufentanil. In contrast, during perfusion with vecuronium at a concentration of 0.1 μmol/1 up to 10 μmol/1 no significant effects on cardiac conduction and pacemaker activity could be observed.
In conclusion, the electrophysiological effects of sufentanil are comparable to that of unspecific calcium antagonists. Therefore, especially in patients with a preexisting damage of the cardiac conduction system, the indirect effect of the combination of sufentanil and vecuronium which is predominantly responsible for bradycardia and asystole may be worsened by the direct effects of sufentanil. 相似文献
110.
Autotransfusion after open heart surgery: the oxygen delivery capacity of shed mediastinal blood is maintained 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
H. Schmidt U. Kongsgaard J. Kofstad O. Geiran H. E. Refsum 《Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica》1995,39(6):754-758
Autotransfusion of mediastinal shed blood after open heart surgery has become a common and accepted procedure in reducing the need for homologous transfusion during the last 15 years. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the oxygen delivery capacity of autotransfused shed mediastinal blood, compared to patient-blood, during cardiopulmonary bypass and in the postoperative period.
Ten consecutive patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery were studied. Mediastinal shed blood was collected in the cardiotomy reservoir and retransfused during the first 18 postoperative hours. The oxygen delivery capacity of the blood to the tissues was calculated by use of the oxygen status algorithm (OSA 2.0) programme and measurement of the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) concentration.
Autotransfusion volume ranged from 450–1530 ml per patient (median 824 ml). Shed blood had a mean haemoglobin level of 8.8 g/dl and 7.4 g/dl at 1 h and 6 h of autotransfusion, respectively. There were no significant changes of 2,3-DPG concentration in the patient-blood during cardiopulmonary bypass or after autotransfusion compared to preoperative values. P50 for oxygen (3.6 and 3.6 kPa) and 2,3-DPG concentrations (5.3 and 5.1 mikromol/ml erythrocyte) in shed mediastinal blood (1h and 6h postoperatively) were not significantly different compared to patient-blood.
The results demonstrate that the oxygen delivery capacity of shed mediastinal blood is maintained and that the oxygen affinity of patient-blood is not influenced by autotransfusion. 相似文献
Ten consecutive patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery were studied. Mediastinal shed blood was collected in the cardiotomy reservoir and retransfused during the first 18 postoperative hours. The oxygen delivery capacity of the blood to the tissues was calculated by use of the oxygen status algorithm (OSA 2.0) programme and measurement of the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) concentration.
Autotransfusion volume ranged from 450–1530 ml per patient (median 824 ml). Shed blood had a mean haemoglobin level of 8.8 g/dl and 7.4 g/dl at 1 h and 6 h of autotransfusion, respectively. There were no significant changes of 2,3-DPG concentration in the patient-blood during cardiopulmonary bypass or after autotransfusion compared to preoperative values. P50 for oxygen (3.6 and 3.6 kPa) and 2,3-DPG concentrations (5.3 and 5.1 mikromol/ml erythrocyte) in shed mediastinal blood (1h and 6h postoperatively) were not significantly different compared to patient-blood.
The results demonstrate that the oxygen delivery capacity of shed mediastinal blood is maintained and that the oxygen affinity of patient-blood is not influenced by autotransfusion. 相似文献