苦红菇化学成分的研究

从野生真菌苦红菇(Russula rosacea(Bull)Grrayem,Fr.)子实体酸性部分得到两个新的四环三萜酸化合物,经光谱(IR,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR,MS)、尤其是二维核磁共振(¹³C-¹HCOSY,COLOC,NOEDIFF)谱解析,确定其结构分别如Ⅰ和Ⅱ所示,Ⅰ命名为苦红菇酸A(rosaceaacidA),Ⅱ为苦红菇酸B(rosaceaacidB)。     

接受激素替代疗法的绝经后亚洲妇女的干眼症

目的:比较接受和不接受激素替代疗法的绝经后妇女干眼症的发生情况。方法:采用横断面研究方法比较对照组和接受激素替代疗法的绝经后妇女干眼症的发生。对所有的受试者行泪液分泌实验,泪膜破裂时间和玫瑰红孟加拉染色检查。结果:总共54例妇女被纳入研究,其中接受激素替代疗法(第2组)30例(55.6%),对照组24例(44.4%)没有进行任何激素治疗(第1组)。在第2组中,11例服用雌激素(2A组),其余19例同时服用雌激素和孕酮(2B组)。在第1组组中有29.2%发生了干眼症,第2组为70.0%(P=0.003),进一步分析发现2B组(84.2%)较2A组(45.5%)更多发生了干眼症(P=0.042)。结论:本研究发现在绝经后服用激素的妇女中干眼症比较常见,它否定了先前激素替代疗法具有防止干眼症发生的假设。     

Estimation of hospital emergency room data using otc pharmaceutical sales and least mean square filters

Background  

Surveillance of Over-the-Counter pharmaceutical (OTC) sales as a potential early indicator of developing public health conditions, in particular in cases of interest to Bioterrorism, has been suggested in the literature. The data streams of interest are quite non-stationary and we address this problem from the viewpoint of linear adaptive filter theory: the clinical data is the primary channel which is to be estimated from the OTC data that form the reference channels.     

The use of directly observed therapy in TB: a brief pan-London survey

AIM: The objective of this study was to investigate issues regarding adherence with tuberculosis therapy and the use of directly observed therapy. METHOD: A small-scale survey of TB nurse specialists at chest clinics in London was carried out to determine the current use of directly observed therapy for patients with tuberculosis in London. RESULTS: Responses to this survey indicate that directly observed therapy is currently used in less than half the available services in London. Many of the specialist TB nurses indicated that lack of resources and time were drawbacks to implementing directly observed therapy. CONCLUSION: Directly observed therapy was found to be a strategy that was infrequently used as a last measure for those people who were previous non-adherers.     

运用模糊聚类方法分析中药微量元素含量与药效的关系

目的:不同中药中各种微量元素的含量数据离散,从含量数据上很难说明不同药物的药物相似性,故运用模糊分类方法研究药物微量元素含量与药物疗效的关系,验证其在药物功效的相似性及不同种类中药定量指标评价方面的作用。方法:实验于2005-10/2006-11在吉林省中医药管理局中药微量元素分析实验室完成。用原子吸收分光光度法检测合欢花、黄芪、石菖蒲、远志、山楂、银杏叶、人参、元肉、蒲黄、酸枣仁、苏木11种中药中钾、钠、钙、镁、铁、铬、镍、锰、铜、锌元素的含量,结合锌/铜比值、镁/钙比值,以数据极差法进行统计指标的标准化处理,以数量积法算出衡量被分类对象之间的相关系数,确定论域上的模糊矩阵。结果:相关系数r=0.50时,合欢花,石菖蒲,远志,人参,元肉,蒲黄,酸枣仁7种药物聚类相似;相关系数r=0.65时,合欢花,石菖蒲,元肉,蒲黄,酸枣仁5种药物聚类相似;r=0.75时,合欢花,石菖蒲,蒲黄3种药物聚类相似。研究还发现:药物中金属元素含量丰富,而且相关系数较大的药物,其药物疗效相似。结论:运用数学与化学计量学方法建立模糊聚类分析模型,可以把离散的数据标准化处理,确定论域上的模糊矩阵可以研究不同药物间的药效相似性,可以对不同种类的中药进行定量指标的明确评价。     

人类风湿性关节炎滑膜-软骨-NOD．scid小鼠嵌合体模型的建立

目的:建立能反应自身免疫特点的类风湿性关节炎动物模型,为进一步研究该病发病机制奠定基础。方法:实验于2006-03/12在南方医科大学实验动物中心完成。①实验材料:SPF级2～4个月龄NOD.scid小鼠20只,体质量17～22g,雌雄各半;人类风湿性关节炎滑膜组织(佛山市第一人民医院风湿科提供,患者知情同意);骨关节炎滑膜及正常软骨(南方医院创伤骨科提供,患者及供者知情同意)。②实验分组:将小鼠随机分为2组,类风湿性关节炎滑膜组和骨关节炎滑膜组,雌雄不限,每组10只。③实验过程:每组小鼠背部皮下植入的正常软骨组织,随后将类风湿性关节炎滑膜和骨关节炎滑膜植入软骨之上。④造模10周后麻醉下处死小鼠,用放射免疫法检测血清中肿瘤坏死因子α含量,移植物进行组织病理学观察,并进行组织学积分。结果:①模型鼠一般情况:实验期间NOD.scid小鼠无手摸皮骨感、活动度差、毛稀疏等典型移植物抗宿主疾病表现,模型鼠在SPF环境下10周存活率100%。②肿瘤坏死因子α含量:类风湿性关节炎滑膜组鼠血清中肿瘤坏死因子α放射含量类风湿性关节炎组明显高于骨关节炎组[(0.80±0.06),(0.70±0.03)μg/L,t=4.466,P<0.001]。③组织病理学观察:苏木精-伊红染色,骨关节炎滑膜组只见少量的滑膜细胞增生和炎症细胞,移植的滑膜组织主要被纤维组织形成的条索状物代替,无明显地软骨被侵蚀破坏发生;类风湿性关节炎滑膜组可明显见到大量的滑膜细胞增生和生化中心形成,病变部位的组织结构间质变为疏松,变为境界不清晰的颗粒状或块状无结构强嗜酸性红染物质;软骨边缘被滑膜组织侵蚀破坏明显;类风湿性关节炎滑膜组滑膜增生、软骨侵蚀和软骨降解积分均高于骨关节炎滑膜组(P<0.04)。结论:在NOD.scid体内可成功建立类风湿性关节炎动物模型。     

Ethnoveterinary Application of Morinda Citrifolia Fruit Puree on a Commercial Heifer Rearing Facility with Endemic Salmonellosis

We have previously reported that Morinda citrifolia (noni) puree modulates neonatal calves developmental maturation of the innate and adaptive immune system. In this study, the effect of noni puree on respiratory and gastrointestinal (GI), health in preweaned dairy calves on a farm with endemic salmonellosis was examined. Two clinical trials were conducted whereby each trial evaluated one processing technique of noni puree. Trials 1 and 2 tested noni versions A and B, respectively. Puree analysis and trial methods were identical to each other, with the calf as the experimental unit. Calves were designated to 1 of 3 treatment groups in each trial and received either: 0, 15 or 30 mL every 12 hr of noni supplement for the first 3 weeks of life. Health scores, weaning age, weight gain from admission to weaning, and weaned by 6 weeks, were used as clinical endpoints for statistical analysis. In trial 1, calves supplemented with 15 mL noni puree of version A every 12 hr had a higher probability of being weaned by 6 weeks of age than control calves (P = 0.04). In trial 2, calves receiving 30 mL of version B every 12 hr had a 54.5% reduction in total medical treatments by 42 days of age when compared to controls (P = 0.02). There was a trend in reduced respiratory (61%), and GI (52%) medical treatments per calf when compared to controls (P = 0.06 and 0.08, respectively). There were no differences in weight gain or mortality for any treatment group in either trial.