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71.
Knee injuries: high-resolution MR imaging 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Recent technologic advances have made high-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the knee a clinical reality. Ten healthy volunteers and 30 patients with suspected knee injuries were imaged using receive-only surface coils and two-dimensional multisection or three-dimensional selective acquisition techniques. Arthroscopic and/or surgical correlation was available in 15 patients. Tears of the cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, and meniscus are illustrated. Nonorthogonal views of the anterior cruciate ligament are useful for demonstrating both femoral and tibial attachments in the same section. The posterior cruciate ligament is usually well seen on sagittal views. T2-weighted images are helpful for demonstrating collateral ligament tears and meniscal tears when joint effusion is present. Thin sections (1-5 mm) are necessary to define many meniscal and cruciate tears. High-resolution, thin-section MR imaging can be used to diagnose soft-tissue injuries of the knee and has the potential to become a major imaging method in the evaluation of knee injuries. 相似文献
72.
We report a case of pyoderma gangrenosum occurring at the site of a laparoscopic port insertion following laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. 相似文献
73.
Genetic factors affecting the consistency and magnitude of changes in plasma cholesterol in response to dietary challenge 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Humphries SE; Talmud PJ; Cox C; Sutherland W; Mann J 《QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians》1996,89(9):671-680
We examined the role of common genetic variation in determining the
consistency and magnitude of change in plasma total cholesterol (TC) levels
in response to two separate changes from a high-saturated (SFA) to a
low-saturated/high-polyunsaturated-fat (PUFA) diet, in a group of
free-living healthy men and women. Consistent responders were defined as
those whose mean difference in the change in TC was within one SD of the
mean for all participants, and the remainder were defined as variable
responders. DNA was obtained from 55 individuals and genotype determined at
the apolipoprotein (apo) B locus (signal peptide, SP), apoCIII (C1100-T)
and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene loci (HindIII). In the 38 consistent
responders, the apoBSP24 allele was significantly more common than in the
17 individuals with a variable response (0.29 vs. 0.12; p < 0.05). No
other polymorphism showed a significant frequency difference between
groups. In the group as a whole, the correlation between the change in TC
level in response to the first and second dietary change was 0.28 (p =
0.05), but those with one or more apoB SP24 alleles and those with the
apoCIII genotype CC had a significantly higher correlation than those with
other genotypes (0.46 (p = 0.05) vs. 0.12 (NS) and 0.31 (p = 0.05) vs. 0.02
(NS), respectively). In the group as a whole, mean response left TC 10%
higher on the SFA than on the PUFA diet, and neither apoB nor apoCIII
genotypes affected the magnitude of this response. However, individuals
with the LPL HindIII genotype H+ H+ had a significantly smaller change in
mean TC in response to diet than those with one or more H- allele (9.3% vs.
14.4%; p = 0.03). Thus variation at the apoB and apoCIII loci affects the
consistency of response to change in dietary fat content, while variation
at the LPL gene locus affects magnitude of response.
相似文献
74.
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76.
目的:了解延边地区朝鲜族和汉族居民的脂肪分布特征及其与血压、血脂及血糖的关系。方法:于2006-08-8/17在延边地区九龙和翁声社区随机选择40~60岁朝鲜族和汉族常住居民2378名进行内脏脂肪率和体脂肪率以及血压、血脂、血糖等生化指标的检测。调查以健康体检形式进行,①内脏脂肪和体脂肪率测定采用日本TANITA株式会社生产的BC-600型体成分计测定,并且按其判定标准确定超过标准者[内脏脂肪率≥15%(男)、≥10%(女),体脂肪率(40~59岁)≥23%(男)、≥36%(女),体脂肪率(≥60岁)≥25%(男)、≥37%(女)]。②取清晨空腹(禁食12h)静脉血,采用日立-7600-010全自动生化分析仪测量血清总胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、空腹血糖等指标。③高血压的诊断标准:收缩压≥140mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)及或舒张压≥90mmHg。④血脂异常的诊断标准:总胆固醇≥5.72mmol/L,三酰甘油≥1.7mmol/L,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇<0.90mmol/L(男)、<1.0mmol/L(女)。⑤高血糖的诊断标准:空腹血糖≥6.1mmol/L。结果:①汉族男性的内脏脂肪率和体脂肪率均值分别为(10.51±3.66)%和(22.70±4.85)%,朝鲜族男性分别为(9.16±3.81)%和(20.28±5.02)%,汉族均高于朝鲜族(P<0.01);汉族女性的内脏脂肪率和体脂肪率分别为(6.22±2.27)%和(35.31±5.65)%,朝鲜族女性分别为(5.88±2.19)%和(34.00±5.72)%,汉族均高于朝鲜族(P<0.01)。②汉族男性的内脏脂肪率和体脂肪率超标率分别为12.1%和45.8%,朝鲜族男性分别为7.8%和28.6%,汉族均高于朝鲜族(P<0.05);汉族女性的内脏脂肪率和体脂肪率超标率分别为6.7%和47.9%,朝鲜族女性分别为3.8%和37.3%,汉族均高于朝鲜族(P<0.05)。③Logistic逐步回归分析结果表明,内脏脂肪率与民族、性别、年龄、高血压、高三酰甘油血症和高血糖有密切关系;体脂肪率与民族、性别、高血压、高三酰甘油血症、低高密度脂蛋白血症和高血糖有密切的关系。结论:①延边地区汉族居民内脏脂肪率和体脂肪率平均水平及其超标率明显高于朝鲜族。②内脏脂肪率和体脂肪率均与民族、性别、年龄(体脂肪率除外)、高血压、高三酰甘油血症和高血糖相关。 相似文献
77.
Lehmann GM Xi X Kulkarni AA Olsen KC Pollock SJ Baglole CJ Gupta S Casey AE Huxlin KR Sime PJ Feldon SE Phipps RP 《The American journal of pathology》2011,178(4):1556-1567
Fibrosis can occur in any human tissue when the normal wound healing response is amplified. Such amplification results in fibroblast proliferation, myofibroblast differentiation, and excessive extracellular matrix deposition. Occurrence of these sequelae in organs such as the eye or lung can result in severe consequences to health. Unfortunately, medical treatment of fibrosis is limited by a lack of safe and effective therapies. These therapies may be developed by identifying agents that inhibit critical steps in fibrotic progression; one such step is myofibroblast differentiation triggered by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1). In this study, we demonstrate that TGFβ1-induced myofibroblast differentiation is blocked in human fibroblasts by a candidate endogenous aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand 2-(1'H-indole-3'-carbonyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (ITE). Our data show that ITE disrupts TGFβ1 signaling by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of Smad2/3/4. Although ITE functions as an AhR agonist, and biologically persistent AhR agonists, such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, cause severe toxic effects, ITE exhibits no toxicity. Interestingly, ITE effectively inhibits TGFβ1-driven myofibroblast differentiation in AhR(-/-) fibroblasts: Its ability to inhibit TGFβ1 signaling is AhR independent. As supported by the results of this study, the small molecule ITE inhibits myofibroblast differentiation and may be useful clinically as an antiscarring agent. 相似文献
78.
A Ramasamy SE Harrisson MPM Stewart M Midwinter 《Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England》2009,91(7):551-558
INTRODUCTION
Since the invasion of Iraq in 2003, the conflict has evolved from asymmetric warfare to a counter-insurgency operation. This study investigates the pattern of wounding and types of injuries seen in casualties of hostile action presenting to a British military field hospital during the present conflict.PATIENTS AND METHODS
Data were prospectively collected on 100 consecutive patients either injured or killed from hostile action from January 2006 who presented to the sole coalition field hospital in southern Iraq.RESULTS
Eighty-two casualties presented with penetrating missile injuries from hostile action. Three subsequently died of wounds (3.7%). Forty-six (56.1%) casualties had their initial surgery performed by British military surgeons. Twenty casualties (24.4%) sustained gunshot wounds, 62 (75.6%) suffered injuries from fragmentation weapons. These 82 casualties were injured in 55 incidents (mean, 1.49 casualties; range 1–6 casualties) and sustained a total 236 wounds (mean, 2.88 wounds) affecting a mean 2.4 body regions per patient. Improvised explosive devices were responsible for a mean 2.31 casualties (range, 1–4 casualties) per incident.CONCLUSIONS
The current insurgency in Iraq illustrates the likely evolution of modern, low-intensity, urban conflict. Improvised explosive devices employed against both military and civilian targets have become a major cause of injury. With the current global threat from terrorist bombings, both military and civilian surgeons should be aware of the spectrum and emergent management of the injuries caused by these weapons. 相似文献79.
Csomor PA Yee BK Feldon J Theodoridou A Studerus E Vollenweider FX 《Schizophrenia bulletin》2009,35(1):244-255
Deficient sensorimotor gating as indexed by prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response has been reported repeatedly in patients suffering from schizophrenia. According to the widely accepted "protective hypothesis," PPI reflects the protection of ongoing information processing against interference by other stimuli. Alternatively, it has been proposed that PPI might be regulated by startle reflex circuit excitability. In the present study, we evaluated these 2 conceptually divergent approaches underlying the regulation of PPI. To this end, we assessed sensorimotor gating as indexed by PPI, the reactivity to the prepulse-alone stimulus indexed as prepulse-elicited reactivity (PPER), and acoustic blink reflex excitability in terms of paired pulse suppression (PPS) within a single recording session in 13 unmedicated and 24 medicated (11 first break) schizophrenia patients in comparison to 43 healthy control subjects. The results showed that PPI was significantly reduced in unmedicated, but not in medicated schizophrenia patients. Furthermore, unmedicated patients could be distinguished from the medicated patients and control subjects in terms of PPER. In contrast to PPI, PPS did not differ between patients and control subjects. These findings are in line with the "protective hypothesis" of PPI and indicate that reduced sensorimotor gating in schizophrenia patients might be based on a reduced perception and/or processing of the prepulse stimulus. The extent to which PPER may or may not be causally associated with sensorimotor gating in schizophrenia has to be further investigated in human and animal studies. 相似文献
80.
Maternal infection during pregnancy increases the risk of schizophrenia and other brain disorders of neurodevelopmental origin in the offspring. A multitude of infectious agents seem to be involved in this association. Therefore, it has been proposed that factors common to the immune response to a wide variety of bacterial and viral pathogens may be the critical link between prenatal infection and postnatal brain and behavioral pathology. More specifically, it has been suggested that the maternal induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines may mediate the neurodevelopmental effects of maternal infections. Here, we review recent findings from in vitro and in vivo investigations supporting this hypothesis and further emphasize the influence of enhanced anti-inflammatory cytokine signaling on early brain development. Disruption of the fetal brain balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine signaling may thus represent a key mechanism involved in the precipitation of schizophrenia-related pathology following prenatal maternal infection and innate immune imbalances. 相似文献