中国10个地区成年人外周血嵌合染色体变异的流行病学分布特征

目的描述外周血嵌合染色体变异(mCA)在我国10个地区30～79岁自然人群的流行病学分布特征。方法纳入中国慢性病前瞻性研究(CKB)10个项目地区中已有基线数据(人口学特征、生活方式、体格检查等)和外周血基因分型数据的100 297名研究对象, 通过嵌合染色体变异工作流计算mCA表型检出率, 采用logistic回归比较mCA检出率在不同地区、不同特征人群间的分布差异。结果共检出5 810名mCA携带者, 检出率为5.8%, 标化后检出率为5.1%。mCA检出率随基线年龄增长逐渐升高, 30～、51～、>60岁人群检出率分别为3.4%、5.0%和9.4%(趋势检验P<0.001);男性检出率(8.0%)高于女性(4.0%), 城市检出率(6.4%)高于农村(5.3%), 差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。调整年龄、性别和10个地区后, 当前吸烟或因病戒烟者、低体力活动水平者mCA检出率较高, 肥胖者mCA检出率(5.3%)低于正常体重者(5.9%), 差异有统计学意义(P=0.006)。结论我国10个地区30～79岁自然人群的mCA检出率存在地区和人群分布差异。相...     

不同肥胖测量指标与成年女性血清C反应蛋白的关联研究

目的 探讨不同的肥胖测量指标对中国成年女性血清C反应蛋白(CRP)的关联。方法 数据来源于成都市双流区城镇乳腺癌筛查项目基线调查及随访调查,共纳入441名成年女性。对研究对象开展问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测。采用多因素logistic回归模型、两水平线性混合效应模型和限制性立方样条模型探讨不同肥胖测量指标与成年女性血清CRP的线性和非线性关联。结果 BMI、腰围和体脂率每增加1个单位,成年女性血清CRP升高即慢性低度炎症状态加重的风险分别增加16.5%、5.0%和11.1%(P<0.05)。BMI和体脂率与血清CRP之间存在非线性关联,以BMI=24.0 kg/m²为参考点,当BMI>24.0 kg/m²时,血清CRP水平随BMI的增加而增加;以体脂率=30%为参考点,当体脂率>30%时,血清CRP水平随体脂率的增加而增加。结论 BMI反映的整体肥胖与成年女性血清CRP关联最强,体脂率反映的体脂含量与血清CRP关联强度次之,腰围反映的中心性肥胖与血清CRP关联相对最弱。BMI>24.0 kg/m²和体脂率>30%的成年女性是产生肥胖相关炎性表现的高危险人群。     

我国老年人群艾滋病防控现状与挑战

近年来我国老年人群艾滋病疫情呈现快速上升趋势,老年人群艾滋病防治面临新的挑战。老年人群对HIV感染风险认知较低,发生无保护的临时性行为或商业性行为比例较高,HIV感染风险较高。老年HIV感染者和感染风险较高的老年人群文化程度和社会经济水平普遍偏低,获取艾滋病相关知识和检测服务机会较为有限,老年HIV感染者由于检测发现晚、合并慢性疾病等因素,死亡风险显著上升。需从行为特征、社会经济、文化、心理等方面多维度深入开展老年人艾滋病防治研究,探索和采取适合老年人群特点的防治艾滋病健康服务的策略措施,强化对老年感染者全流程综合管理模式的研究。     

阿尔茨海默病疾病修饰药物研发述评

阿尔茨海默病（AD）是最常见的神经系统变性疾病之一,疾病负担沉重。目前 AD 发病机 制未明,缺乏能够逆转或延缓疾病进展的疾病修饰药物。现阐述基于 AD 主要发病机制学说的疾病修 饰药物研究,包括以Aβ、tau或其他生物标志物为靶点及老药新用的药物试验。其中,绝大部分药物试 验终止于研发或临床试验进程的某一阶段,也有一些正在进行。AD发病机制研究与疾病修饰药物研发 之间是互相促进和验证的关系,基础研究的突破有可能为药物研发带来新的希望,而某个方向药物试验 的成败又是对其理论基础的检验。从探索 AD 致病机制,到研发疾病修饰药物,至广泛临床应用的道路 仍然漫长。     

股骨头部分置换术精准微创治疗中老年ARCO Ⅲ期股骨头缺血坏死的有限元分析

目的通过有限元分析,初步评估股骨头部分置换术后股骨与内植物模型的应力分布和位移。 方法选择一名成年健康志愿者,获取股骨全长CT扫描数据,利用Mimics 20.0软件、Geomagic软件及UG NX 12.0软件建立股骨头缺血坏死模型,骨隧道切除股骨头坏死区域后装配设计开发的股骨头假体,模拟单腿站立环境进行有限元仿真模拟,获取股骨与内植物模型的应力分布和位移数据。 结果股骨应力分布主要集中在股骨颈下方和股骨干皮质骨两侧,最大应力为48.25 Mpa,最大位移为10.98 mm。内植物模型的应力主要分布在金属内植物主体结构下方,最大应力为147.2 Mpa,最大位移为9.58 mm。 结论股骨头部分置换后,假体头与股骨头曲率一致,应力传导模式与正常侧髋关节一致,但在假体头与茎部连接处发生应力集中,应重点考虑选择更大强度的材料。     

儿童机器人辅助腹腔镜下Xp11.2易位/TFE3基因融合相关性肾癌根治术的初步探讨

目的探讨儿童机器人辅助腹腔镜下Xp11.2易位/TFE3基因融合相关性肾癌根治术的安全及疗效性。 方法回顾性分析2017至2019年我院采用机器人辅助腹腔镜下对Xp11.2易位型肾癌患儿行肾癌根治术的临床资料,并结合国内外文献对本病的流行病学特点、临床表现、病理、影像及治疗和预后进行总结分析。 结果2例患儿,年龄分别为4岁5个月及6岁3个月,男性、女性各1例,主诉均为无痛性肉眼血尿,超声、CT及磁共振提示左肾占位。通过机器人辅助腹腔镜下完成根治性肾切除手术,未中转开放。术后病理检查报告肿瘤剖面灰黄色,质软,主要由透明细胞组成,瘤细胞伴有嗜酸性颗粒胞浆,组成巢状结构,透明变性的结节内可见散在砂粒体。免疫组化显示TEF3（+）,CD10（+）,CK（-）,WT1（-）,Vimentin（-）,EMA（-）,Ki-67（+2%）,Bcl-2（+）,CD34（-）,S100（-）,DES（-）,CD99（-）,INI-1（+）,符合Xp11.2易位型肾癌。术后给予定期随访,未见肿瘤复发及转移。 结论机器人辅助腹腔镜下肾癌根治术可以安全、有效地应用于儿童早期Xp11.2易位型肾癌的治疗。     

Association between the clinical classification of hypothyroidism and reduced TSH in LT4 supplemental replacement treatment for pregnancy in China

The study was aimed to evaluate the effects of levothyroxine (LT4) supplemental replacement treatment for pregnancy and analyze the associations between the clinical classification of hypothyroidism and reduced thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in LT4 therapy. Totally, 195 pregnant women with hypothyroidism receiving routine prenatal care were enrolled. They were categorized into three groups: overt hypothyroidism (OH), subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) with negative thyroperoxidase antibody (TPOAb), and SCH with positive TPOAb. The association between the clinical classification and reduced TSH in LT4 supplemental replacement treatment was assessed. The results indicated that reduced TSH was significantly different among the groups according to the clinical classifications (p?=?0.043). The result was also significantly different between patients with OH and patients with SCH and negative TPOAb (p?=?0.036). Similar result was reported for the comparison between patients with OH and patients with SCH and positive TPOAb (p?=?0.016). Multiple variable analyses showed that LT4 supplementation, gestational age and the variable of clinical classifications were associated with reduced TSH independently. Our data suggested that the therapeutic effect of substitutive treatment with LT4 was significantly associated with different clinical classifications of hypothyroidism in pregnancy and the treatment should begin as soon as possible after diagnosis.     

Anatomic measurements of the posterior tympanum related to the round window vibroplasty in congenital aural atresia and stenosis patients

Conclusions With the aggravation of the external auditory canal malformation, the size of extra-niche fossa became smaller, providing concrete data and valuable information for the better design, selecting and safer implantation of the transducer in the area of round window niche. Three-dimensional measurements and assessments before surgery might be helpful for a safer surgical approach and implantation of a vibrant soundbridge.

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate whether differences exist in the morphology of the posterior tympanum related to the round window vibroplasty among congenital aural atresia (CAA), congenital aural stenosis (CAS), and a normal control group, and to analyze its effect on the round window implantation of vibrant soundbridge.

Methods CT images of 10 normal subjects (20 ears), 27 CAS patients (30 ears), and 25 CAA patients (30 ears) were analyzed. The depth and the size of outside fossa of round window niche related to the round window vibroplasty (extra-niche fossa)and the distances between the center of round window niche and extra-niche fossa were calculated based on three-dimensional reconstruction using mimics software. Finally, the data were analyzed statistically.

Results The size of extra-niche fossa in the atresia group was smaller than in the stenosis group (p?p?相似文献   

Very Long-term Outcomes and Predictors of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Drug-eluting Stents Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting for Patients with Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Disease

Background:

There are limited data on longer-term outcomes (>5 years) for patients with unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA) disease who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the drug-eluting stents (DES) era. This study aimed at comparing the long-term (>5 years) outcomes of patients with ULMCA disease underwent PCI with DES and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and the predictors of adverse events.

Methods:

All consecutive patients with ULMCA disease treated with DES implantation versus CABG in our center, between January 2003 and July 2009, were screened for analyzing. A propensity score analysis was carried out to adjust for potential confounding between the two groups.

Results:

Nine hundred and twenty-two patients with ULMCA disease were enrolled for the analyses (DES = 465 vs. CABG = 457). During the median follow-up of 7.1 years (interquartile range 5.3–8.2 years), no difference was found between PCI and CABG in the occurrence of death (P = 0.282) and the composite endpoint of cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke (P = 0.294). Rates of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events were significantly higher in the PCI group (P = 0.014) in large part because of the significantly higher rate of repeat revascularization (P < 0.001). PCI was correlated with the lower occurrence of stroke (P = 0.004). Multivariate analysis showed ejection fraction (EF) (P = 0.012), creatinine (P = 0.016), and prior stroke (P = 0.031) were independent predictors of the composite endpoint of cardiac death, MI, and stroke in the DES group, while age (P = 0.026) and EF (P = 0.002) were independent predictors in the CABG group.

Conclusions:

During a median follow-up of 7.1 years, there was no difference in the rate of death between PCI with DES implantation and CABG in ULMCA lesions in the patient cohort. CABG group was observed to have significantly lower rates of repeat revascularization but higher stroke rates compared with PCI. EF, creatinine, and prior stroke were independent predictors of the composite endpoint of cardiac death, MI, and stroke in the DES group, while age and EF were independent predictors in the CABG group.