Research on depression in Parkinson disease: A bibliometric and visual analysis of studies published during 2012–2021

Background:The diagnosis and treatment rate of Parkinson disease (PD) with depression has a low diagnostic rate, and there is no consensus on the choice of treatment mode. This study evaluates the global research trends of scientific outputs related to depression in PD from multiple perspectives, using a bibliometric analysis and visualization tool to scientifically analyze the knowledge from the literature.Methods:Literature related to depression in PD published from 2012 to 2021 was included and selected from the Web of Science Core Collection database in October 2021. CiteSpace software was used to visualize and analyze co-occurrence analyses for countries, institutions, authors, and keywords.Results:A total of 4533 articles from the Web of Science database were included. The United States made the largest contribution with the majority of publications (1215; 29.40%). Toronto University was the most productive institution. PD, depression, quality of life, dementia, nonmotor symptom, prevalence, anxiety, Alzheimer disease, symptom, and disorder would be significantly correlated with depression in PD. The current hot spots in this field focus on the following: risk factors for depression in PD, assessment scale of depression in PD, and rehabilitation of depression in PD.Conclusions:This analysis not only reveals the current research trends and hotspots but also provides some instructive suggestions on the development of depression in PD.     

Altereporenes A–E,five epoxy octa-hydronaphthalene polyketides produced by an endophytic fungus Alternaria sp. YUD20002

Five previously undescribed epoxy octa-hydronaphthalene polyketides, altereporenes A–E (1–5) were isolated from rice culture of the endophytic fungus Alternaria sp. YUD20002 derived from the tubers of Solanum tuberosum. Their structures were determined on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, while the absolute configurations were elucidated by the comparison of experimental and calculated specific rotations. Meanwhile, the antimicrobial, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of compounds 1–5 were also investigated.

Five previously undescribed epoxy octa-hydronaphthalene polyketides, altereporenes A–E (1–5) were isolated from rice culture of the endophytic fungus Alternaria sp. YUD20002 derived from the tubers of Solanum tuberosum.     

Differential Associations of Intakes of Whole Grains and Coarse Grains with Risks of Cardiometabolic Factors among Adults in China

There is a lack of studies on the association between whole grain intake and cardiometabolic risk factors in China and the current definition of whole grains is inconsistent. This study defined whole grains in two ways, Western versus traditional, and examined their associations with the risks of major cardiometabolic factors (CMFs) among 4706 Chinese adults aged ≥18 years, who participated in surveys both in 2011 and in 2015. Diet data were collected by consecutive 3 d 24 h recalls, together with household seasoning weighing. Whole grains were defined as grains with a ratio of fiber to carbohydrate of ≥0.1, while coarse grains were defined as grains except for rice and its products, and wheat and its products. Multivariable logistic regressions were modeled to analyze the associations of intakes of whole grains and coarse grains, respectively, with risks of major CMFs including obesity-, blood pressure-, blood glucose- and lipid-related factors, which were defined by International Diabetes Federation and AHA/NHLBI criteria. After adjusting for potential confounders, the odds of elevated LDL-C decreased with the increasing intake levels of whole grains (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.46–0.88, p-trend < 0.05). Moreover, adults with the whole grain intake of 50.00 to 150.00 g/day had 27% lower odds of overweight and obesity (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.54–0.99) and 31% lower odds of elevated LDL-C (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.49–0.96), as compared with non-consumers. In conclusion, given the significant nutrient profiles of whole grains and coarse grains, the adults with higher intakes of whole grains only may have a lower risk of LDL-C and overweight and obesity.     

Evaluation of the Immunogenicity in Mice Orally Immunized with Recombinant Lactobacillus casei Expressing Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus S1 Protein

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), characterized by diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration, is an acute enteric infectious disease of pigs. The disease is caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), which infects the intestinal mucosal surface. Therefore, mucosal immunization through the oral route is an effective method of immunization. Lactic acid bacteria, which are acid resistant and bile-salt resistant and improve mucosal immunity, are ideal carriers for oral vaccines. The S1 glycoprotein of PEDV mediates binding of the virus with cell receptors and induces neutralizing antibodies against the virus. Therefore, we reversely screened the recombinant strain pPG-SD-S1/Δupp ATCC 393 expressing PEDV S1 glycoprotein by Lactobacillus casei deficient in upp genotype (Δupp ATCC 393). Mice were orally immunized three times with the recombinant bacteria that had been identified for expression, and the changes of anti-PEDV IgG and secreted immunoglobulin A levels were observed over 70 days. The results indicated that the antibody levels notably increased after oral administration of recombinant bacteria. The detection of extracellular cytokines on the 42nd day after immunization indicated high levels of humoral and cellular immune responses in mice. The above results demonstrate that pPG-SD-S1/Δupp ATCC 393 has great potential as an oral vaccine against PEDV.     

Microstructure Evolution of Al6061 Alloy Made by Additive Friction Stir Deposition

In this paper, the phase structure, composition distribution, grain morphology, and hardness of Al6061 alloy samples made with additive friction stir deposition (AFS-D) were examined. A nearly symmetrical layer-by-layer structure was observed in the cross section (vertical with respect to the fabrication-tool traversing direction) of the as-deposited Al6061 alloy samples made with a back-and-forth AFS-D strategy. Equiaxed grains were observed in the region underneath the fabrication tool, while elongated grains were seen in the “flash region” along the mass flow direction. No clear grain size variance was discovered along the AFS-D build direction except for the last deposited layer. Grains were significantly refined from the feedstock (~163.5 µm) to as-deposited Al6061 alloy parts (~8.5 µm). The hardness of the as-fabricated Al6061 alloy was lower than those of the feedstock and their heat-treated counterparts, which was ascribed to the decreased precipitate content and enlarged precipitate size.     

Schisandra chinensis essential oil attenuates acetaminophen-induced liver injury through alleviating oxidative stress and activating autophagy

ContextSchisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (Magnoliaceae) essential oil (SCEO) composition is rich in lignans that are believed to perform protective effects in the liver.ObjectiveThis study investigates the effects of SCEO in the treatment of acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury in mice.Materials and methodsC57BL/6 mice (n = 56) were randomly divided into seven groups: normal; APAP (300 mg/kg); APAP plus bicyclol (200 mg/kg); APAP plus SCEO (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg). Serum biochemical parameters for liver function, inflammatory factors, and antioxidant activities were determined. The protein expression levels of Nrf2, GCLC, GCLM, HO-1, p62, and LC3 were assessed by western blotting. Nrf2, GCLC, HO-1, p62, and LC3 mRNA were detected by real-time PCR.ResultsCompared to APAP overdose, SCEO (2 g/kg) pre-treatment reduced the serum levels of AST (79.4%), ALT (84.6%), TNF-α (57.3%), and IL-6 (53.0%). In addition, SCEO (2 g/kg) markedly suppressed cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) (15.4%) and attenuated the exhaustion of GSH (43.6%) and SOD (16.8%), and the accumulation of MDA (22.6%) in the liver, to inhibit the occurrence of oxidative stress. Moreover, hepatic tissues from our experiment revealed that SCEO pre-treatment mitigated liver injury caused by oxidative stress by increasing Nrf2, HO-1, and GCL. Additionally, SCEO activated autophagy, which upregulated hepatic LC3-II and decreased p62 in APAP overdose mice (p < 0.05).Discussion and conclusionsOur evidence demonstrated that SCEO protects hepatocytes from APAP-induced liver injury in vivo and the findings will provide a reliable theoretical basis for developing novel therapeutics.     

4-{3′,5′-双-[(N-吡咯烷基)甲基]-4′-羟苯胺基}喹唑啉(常咯啉)抗乌头硷诱发大鼠心律失常的作用

大鼠静注常咯啉再注射乌头硷,或同时用常咯啉和乌头硷,明显推迟乌头硷引起的心律紊乱。先静注乌头硷出现心律失常后,再注射常咯啉,抗心律失常作用较弱。剪断二侧迷走神经,或静注六烃季铵,都不影响常咯啉抗静注乌头硷所致心律失常的疗效。从静脉恒速注射乌头硷,记录室性早搏、室性心动过速和心室颤动阈值。预先静脉注射常咯啉明显提高这三种阈值。利血平化加常咯啉组,这些阀值也比对照组明显提高,与常咯啉组相比,仅显著提高心室颤动阈值。脑室内注射常咯啉后,再脑室内注射乌头硷,明显推迟心律失常出现时间。常咯啉对大鼠坐骨神经的局麻作用甚微,这与利多卡因有明显不同。     

皱纹盘鲍中几种营养成分的测定

本文报道了皱纹盘鲍体内所含有的蛋白质（５０．８１％），粗脂肪（６．２４％）氨基酸和矿物质元素的含量，为鲍的药用提供理论依据。     

黄芪、丹参、山药及其复方对高糖所致雪旺细胞凋亡的保护作用

目的:观察中药对高葡萄糖条件下与内皮细胞(以下简称EC)共培养的雪旺细胞(以下简称SC)凋亡的干预作用。方法:建立大鼠SC与EC的共培养模型,根据存活率(形态学和MTT)筛选药物最有效作用浓度。将细胞分为正常共培养SC组、高糖共培养SC组、高糖黄芪组、高糖丹参组、高糖山药组、高糖复方组,通过凋亡率(流式细胞仪)和凋亡相关基因Bcl-2和Casepase-3的mRNA(Realtime PCR)和蛋白(Western Blot)的表达观察细胞凋亡。结果:与正常共培养组相比高糖共培养组SC凋亡率明显增高、Bcl-2mRNA和蛋白表达量明显减少,Casepase-3mRNA和蛋白表达量显著增加。加中药干预后SC凋亡率都明显降低,Bcl-2mRNA和蛋白表达量都明显增加,除高糖山药组Casepase-3mRNA减少和高糖丹参组Casepase-3蛋白减少无明显统计学意义,其余各组Casepase-3mRNA和蛋白表达量均显著减少。中药干预组之间比较,高糖复方组作用最显著。中药干预组与正常组相比,SC凋亡率无明显增高,Bcl-2mRNA和蛋白表达量明显减少,Casepase-3mRNA和蛋白表达量显著增加。结论:中药对高糖环境下与内皮细胞共培养的雪旺细胞的凋亡有保护作用,不同中药作用效果不同,复方效果最佳。     

消瘀接骨散对骨折肢体血液循环的影响及其与骨折愈合的关系

为探讨消瘀接骨散治疗骨折的作用机理，采用健康雄性家兔１０只，用直接撞击法造成家兔左胫骨中段闭合性骨折模型，并随机分为２组。实验组外敷消瘀接骨散，空白对照组不用任何药物。以血液粘度和骨折肢体血流量为指标，观察消瘀接骨散对骨折肢体的血液循环的影响。结果显示骨折后１４天实验组血液粘度明显低于空白组（Ｐ＜０．０５），肢体血流量明显高于空白组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。说明消瘀接骨散能够改善骨折肢体的血液循环，从而为骨折愈合创造良好的环境。