烹调烟雾冷凝物对人外周血淋巴细胞的毒性

目的：通过检测居民厨房内烹调烟雾冷凝物对人外周血淋巴细胞的毒性作用，为全面评价烹调烟雾对健康的危害提供依据。方法：应用ＭＴＴ法检测以菜油为食用油的烹调烟雾冷凝物对人外周血淋巴细胞的毒性作用。结果：不同浓度烹调烟雾冷凝物受试组间的ＯＤ值存在显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０００１）；各受试浓度组与ＤＭＳＯ对照组进行比较，受试浓度在１２５μｇ·ｍｌ１以上时，各受试组与ＤＭＳＯ对照组的ＯＤ值都存在显著性差异，而且各浓度组与对照组的ＯＤ值之差随测试浓度的升高而递增。结论：烹调烟雾冷凝物对人外周血淋巴细胞具有一定的毒性作用，并且存在剂量－反应关系。     

Assessment of the transfer of Cs in three types of vegetables consumed in Hong Kong

A dynamic food chain model has been built for the modeling of the transfer of ¹³⁷Cs in three types of vegetables consumed in Hong Kong, namely, white flowering cabbage (Brassica chinensis), head lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and celery (Apium graveolens). Some parameters have been estimated from the experimental data obtained in this work. The experimental data include the transfer factors of ¹³⁷Cs from soil to the different vegetable species which are determined through high resolution gamma spectrometry, maximum crop biomasses for the vegetable species, the dry-to-fresh ratios for the vegetable species, the bulk density of soil layers and the average concentration of ¹³⁷Cs in air. The derived parameters include the deposition rate and the root uptake rate, information for tillage, the logistic growth model and radionuclide concentrations in vegetables. The dynamic food chain model is solved by the Birchall–James algorithm to give the ¹³⁷Cs concentration in subsurface soil, from the 0.1–25 cm soil layer, and the ¹³⁷Cs concentration in harvested and unwashed vegetables. As validation of the model and parameters, the concentrations obtained experimentally and from the model are compared and are found to be in good agreement.     

百日咳菌液致大鼠脑水肿模型脑组织氧化还原酶变化的研究

应用组织化学方法对百日咳菌液所致大鼠急性感染性脑水肿脑组织内乳酸脱氢酶、琥珀酸脱氢酶、单胺氧化酶的活性进行研究，结果显示：注菌组与正常对照组比较，三种氧化还原酶在脑组织内均出现多个局灶性酶活性减弱区，内毒素预处理组比注菌组酶活性强，提示急性感染性脑水肿时，脑组织内三种氧化还原酶活性均减弱，内毒素预处理对脑水肿有保护作用。     

灰毡毛忍冬化学成分的研究

从灰毡毛忍冬(Lonicera mocranthoide Hand. -Mazz.)花的乙醇提取物的正丁醇溶解部分分得三个常春藤皂甙元的双糖链甙,其中一个为已知化合物川续断皂甙乙(dipsacoside B,Ⅰ);另外两个为新化合物,分别命名为灰毡毛忍冬皂甙甲(macranthoidin A,Ⅱ)和灰毡毛忍冬皂甙(nmcranthoidin B,Ⅲ),两者的次级皂甙灰毡毛忍冬次皂甙甲(macranthoside A,Ⅱb)和灰毡毛忍冬次皂甙乙(macranthoside B,Ⅲb),亦未见报道。     

A longitudinal study of the nutritional and immunological composition of human milk

Eleven healthy women, who were 25–35 years of age, primipara, fullterm and had had normal delivery, were included in this study. Breast milk was estimated for protein, non-protein nitrogen, lipids, lactose, sIgA, IgM, IgG and total and differential cell counts. In the first 3–5 days post-partum, protein concentration (chiefly immunoglobulins sIgA, IgM, IgG) was very high but decreased rapidly by day 5 and remained rather stable afterwards. The contents of fat and lactose were low in the first few days and increased gradually later. Neutrophils, lymphocytes, colostral cells and macrophages were all found in the breast milk.     

特异性寡核苷酸探针检测胰岛素依赖型糖尿病病人HLA－DR基因频率

为了探讨ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ基因在胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（ＩＤＤＭ）发病机制中的作用，利用聚合酶链反应技术及３０个特异性寡核苷酸探针检测３２例中国北方汉族ＩＤＤＭ病人及２５５名正常中国北方汉族人的ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ基因频率的分布。结果ＩＤＤＭ组ＤＲ３和ＤＲ４频率分别为２５．０％和４０．６％，明显高于正常组（８．６％和１８．６％），ＤＲ３和ＤＲ４的相对危险率分别为３．５ｌ和３．１０。提示ＤＲ３、ＤＲ，与ＩＤＤＭ易感性呈正相关。     

A semi-automated method for measuring the potential for protein covalent binding in drug discovery

INTRODUCTION: Covalent protein binding of metabolically reactive intermediates of drugs has been implicated in drug toxicity including the occurrence of idiosyncratic drug toxicity. Investigators therefore would prefer to avoid developing compounds that produce significant amounts of reactive metabolites. By incubating the radiolabeled drug of interest with liver microsomes it is possible to evaluate the propensity of a drug candidate to covalently bind to proteins. METHODS: Here we present a semi-automated method in which a Brandel cell harvester is used to collect and wash proteins that have been incubated with radiolabeled drug. This method utilizes glass fiber filter paper to capture precipitated protein, rather than the more traditional exhaustive extraction/centrifugation approach. Using model compounds (including [14C]diclofenac, [3H]imipramine, [14C]naphthalene, and [14C]L-746530) we compare the covalent binding results obtained using this method to results generated using the traditional method and we performed cross-laboratory testing of assay reproducibility. RESULTS: It was found that results from new method correlated highly with the traditional method (R2=0.89). The cross-laboratory testing of the method showed an average interlaboratory coefficient of variation of only 18.4%. DISCUSSION: This method provides comparable results to the more traditional centrifugation-based method with considerable time and labor savings.     

The Temporal and Spatial Variations of Acid Aerosols in the GeothermalArea of Metropolitan Taipei, Taiwan

This study involved sampling over 1 year of data on exposure to acid aerosols in the geothermal area of metropolitan Taipei. The temporal and spatial variations of the concentrations of acid aerosols were assessed by sampling at three sites: A, B, and C. Results indicate that the SO₂ concentrations lead the concentrations of other acid aerosols at site C because two active fumaroles surround this site. The mean SO₂ concentrations at sites A, B, and C were 2.4, 2.4, and 6.2 ppb. Previous studies have found that H₂S levels were highest at site C. However, the SO₄⁻² and H⁺ concentrations among the three sites were similar. The mean aerosol SO₄⁻² concentrations were 7.0, 5.7, and 5.7 μg m⁻³ at sites A, B, and C, respectively; their H⁺ concentrations were 5.5, 4.2, and 5.4 nmolm⁻³. No seasonal variations are observed for most of the acid aerosols in the geothermal area except that the types of hot spring affect the SO₄⁻² concentration nearby. The different seasonal fluctuation among the sites reflect the determinant of SO₄⁻² emission from different geothermal sources. Sulfur-rich aerosols and some SO₂ emitted from geothermal sources are obvious. The predominance of nitrogen-containing gases (sum of NO₂ + HNO₂ + HNO₃) over SO₂ indicates the importance of the anthropogenic origin of emissions. The effect of multiple exposures to sulfur-rich aerosol (including H₂S, SO₂, and SO₄⁻²), H⁺, and nitrogen-containing aerosols on the health of nearby residents warrants concern.     

Decrease in anogenital distance among male infants with prenatal phthalate exposure

Prenatal phthalate exposure impairs testicular function and shortens anogenital distance (AGD) in male rodents. We present data from the first study to examine AGD and other genital measurements in relation to prenatal phthalate exposure in humans. A standardized measure of AGD was obtained in 134 boys 2-36 months of age. AGD was significantly correlated with penile volume (R = 0.27, p = 0.001) and the proportion of boys with incomplete testicular descent (R = 0.20, p = 0.02). We defined the anogenital index (AGI) as AGD divided by weight at examination [AGI = AGD/weight (mm/kg)] and calculated the age-adjusted AGI by regression analysis. We examined nine phthalate monoester metabolites, measured in prenatal urine samples, as predictors of age-adjusted AGI in regression and categorical analyses that included all participants with prenatal urine samples (n = 85). Urinary concentrations of four phthalate metabolites [monoethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), and monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP)] were inversely related to AGI. After adjusting for age at examination, p-values for regression coefficients ranged from 0.007 to 0.097. Comparing boys with prenatal MBP concentration in the highest quartile with those in the lowest quartile, the odds ratio for a shorter than expected AGI was 10.2 (95% confidence interval, 2.5 to 42.2). The corresponding odds ratios for MEP, MBzP, and MiBP were 4.7, 3.8, and 9.1, respectively (all p-values < 0.05). We defined a summary phthalate score to quantify joint exposure to these four phthalate metabolites. The age-adjusted AGI decreased significantly with increasing phthalate score (p-value for slope = 0.009). The associations between male genital development and phthalate exposure seen here are consistent with the phthalate-related syndrome of incomplete virilization that has been reported in prenatally exposed rodents. The median concentrations of phthalate metabolites that are associated with short AGI and incomplete testicular descent are below those found in one-quarter of the female population of the United States, based on a nationwide sample. These data support the hypothesis that prenatal phthalate exposure at environmental levels can adversely affect male reproductive development in humans.