浮肩损伤的临床特征和治疗

目的 总结浮肩损伤（floating shoulder injury，FSI）的临床特征和治疗效果。方法1993年1月-2004年9月收治浮肩损伤患者8例，除2例行锁骨固定带固定外，其余6例均行手术治疗，其中单纯行锁骨切开复位重建钢板内固定1例，同时行肩胛骨内固定5例。受伤至手术时间为2h～7d，平均3．5d，术后6个月对患肩功能进行Constant评分判定疗效，并对浮肩损伤的临床特征和治疗进行总结。结果6例患者经过6个月～3年（平均11个月）的随访，锁骨和肩胛骨骨折均愈合，肩关节活动范围无明显受限，但有2例患者在举重物时肩关节有轻度的疼痛，1例患侧上肢肌力较对侧稍减弱。术后6个月患肩功能Constant评分平均为93分。结论浮肩损伤多为高能量暴力所致的不稳定性肩胛带损伤，在治疗方案上尚存争议。但对移位明显的浮肩损伤以及有伴发伤的浮肩损伤进行手术治疗是必要的。     

Effects of bimatoprost 0.03% on ocular hemodynamics in normal tension glaucoma.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of bimatoprost 0.03% on ocular hemodynamics in patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG). METHODS: Twenty-two (22) patients with NTG were consecutively recruited. After basic eye examination and diurnal intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, color Doppler imaging was used to measure the peak systolic and end diastolic velocities and resistive index of the central retinal, lateral posterior ciliary, and medial posterior ciliary arteries. Patients received bimatoprost 0.03% for 4 weeks, and these measurements were then repeated. The worse eye of each NTG patient was used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS: Bimatoprost 0.03% significantly reduced mean IOP from 15.1 +/- 3.8 mmHg at baseline to 12.0 +/- 2.9 mmHg after treatment in our sample of NTG patients (P < 0.001). No significant changes in blood velocities or resistance indices were observed in the retrobulbar vessels after the 4-week treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Topical bimatoprost 0.03% significantly reduced IOP in our NTG patients without causing significant hemodynamic changes in the retrobulbar vessels.     

外科学教学中的审美教育

医学审美教育是医学生全面素质教育不可分割的组成部分,笔者结合长期外科教学实践,阐述了在外科学教学中运用医学美学原理对外科学的美进行开发和挖掘,使医学生在熟练掌握外科学基本理论和基本技能的同时,潜移默化地接受美的教育,美的熏陶,更能激发他们对外科学的热爱和兴趣,达到全面提高医学生整体素质的目的。     

凯时治疗慢性重型肝炎患者疗效观察

目的探讨凯时即前列地尔脂微球载体制剂（Lipo-PGE1）治疗慢性重型肝炎的疗效。方法将84例慢性重型肝炎患者随机分成两组，对照组予综合治疗及对症治疗，治疗组在该基础上加用凯时10μg溶于5％葡萄糖注射液250ml中静脉缓慢滴注，1次/d，疗程为4周。结果治疗组对慢性重型肝炎的疗效优于对照组（P〈0．01），肝功能改善优于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论Lipo-PCEI是一种治疗慢性重型肝炎安全、有效的药物。     

64层CT下肢动脉成像技术研究

目的探讨64层CT下肢动脉成像强化质量的对比剂注射方式。方法前瞻性地选择60例疑诊下肢动脉病变的病人,利用64层螺旋CT行下肢动脉CT血管成像。采用不同的扫描和重建参数,应用370mgI/100ml浓度的对比剂100ml团注或采用先70ml的对比剂后50ml的0.9%生理盐水用双筒高压注射器分别以4.0ml/s的注射速度团注入肘静脉,应用对比剂追踪触发扫描方式待腹主动脉CT阈值达120HU时延迟7s开始扫描;利用MIP和VR方式重建CTA图像;对比不同参数和不同对比剂应用方式的CT血管成像图像质量。结果最佳的扫描与重建参数为准直64×0.6mm,螺距1.5,层厚1.0,重建间隔50%;最佳的对比剂应用方式为(浓度为370mgI/100ml)对比剂70ml、生理盐水50ml以4.0ml/s注射速度按先后顺序团注。结论选择合适的准直、螺距以保证适当的扫描速度,选择合适的对比剂浓度、用量和注射速度以保证血管内足够的对比剂峰值浓度及峰值持续时间,此二者是64层CT下肢动脉成像成功的关键。     

Pulmonary Lophomonas blattarum infection in patients with kidney allograft transplantation

The aim of the study was to analyse the clinical manifestation and management of pulmonary Lophomonas blattarum infection in four allograft transplantation recipients retrospectively. Four patients with pulmonary L. blattarum infection were diagnosed by using Fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) examination. Their clinical manifestation and management are summarized. Four cases of pulmonary L. blattarum were found during the period from the second month to the third month after transplantation. Concurring infection by other pathogens was found in three of them. Common initial symptoms included fever (>38 degrees C) without cough and breathlessness. Lower lobe shadowing could be found on chest X-ray. Body temperature decreased to the normal range in three patients and to 37.5 degrees C in the other one, after intravenous injection of metronidazole and tapering immunosuppressant. Radiological examination confirmed improved health condition of the patients afterwards. Two patients received repeated FOB and only dead L. blattarum was found. Pulmonary L. blattarum infection in allograft transplant recipients carry relatively obscure initial symptoms. Possible L. blattarum infection needs to be screened in post-transplantation pulmonary infection patients with similar symptoms, especially in those who respond poorly to anti-infection treatment. Microscopic examination of BAL fluid can help to identify pulmonary L. blattarum infection and metronidazole is an ideal treatment choice.     

孕期宣教对孕妇影响的调查与分析

[目的]了解孕期宣教对孕妇在保健知识方面的需求性,孕期检查的必要性及心理健康状况、分娩方式选择方面的影响。[方法]采用自制问卷调查表对1500例孕妇进行调查,其中接受孕期宣教1000例,未接受孕期宣教500例。[结果]孕期宣教对孕妇在保健知识的需求性和孕期检查的必要性上,在心理健康状况和对分娩方式的选择上有显著影响(P<0.005)。[结论]开办孕妇学校对孕妇实施针对有效的孕期宣教和保健指导是必要的。     

GM6001的玻璃体代谢及视网膜毒性作用的研究

目的：评价人工合成的金属蛋白酶抑制剂GM6001在玻璃体中的代谢及其眼内安全性。方法：选择健康成年的青紫蓝兔16只，随机分成4组，右眼分别玻璃体房注射GM6001各0．05mL（A组100μmol、B组75μmol、C组50μmol和D组25μmol）。左眼分别注射PBS0．05mL作为对照。各组术后不同时间取玻璃体样本，应用高效液相色谱分析仪检测其中GM6001的浓度。术前术后进行裂隙灯、间接检眼镜和视网膜电图（ERG）检查，最后处死动物对视网膜进行光镜及透射电镜的检查。结果：术后前3d，玻璃体房GM6001浓度下降迅速，而后保持缓慢降低至术后28d完全清除。术后裂隙灯、间接检眼镜、ERG检查、视网膜光镜及透射电镜观察，各组均未发现异常改变。结论：GM6001在玻璃体房注射对视网膜是安全的。GM6001在单次玻璃体房注射后2wk可维持有效浓度。     

Sociodemographic characteristics of the neighborhood and depressive symptoms in older adults: using multilevel modeling in geriatric psychiatry.

OBJECTIVE: Neighborhood sociodemographic characteristics may be important to the mental health of older adults who have decreased mobility and fewer resources. Our objective was to examine the association between neighborhood context and level of depressive symptomatology in older adults in a diverse geographic region of central North Carolina. METHODS: The sample included 2,998 adults 65 or older residing in 91 census tracts. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale (CES-D). Neighborhoods were characterized by five census-based characteristics: socioeconomic disadvantage, socioeconomic advantage, racial/ethnic heterogeneity, residential stability, and age structure. RESULTS: In ecologic level analyses, level of census tract socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with increased depressive symptoms. To determine whether neighborhood context was associated with depressive symptoms independently of individual characteristics, the authors used multilevel modeling. The authors examined the ability of each of five neighborhood (level 2) characteristics to predict a level 1 outcome (CES-D symptoms) controlling for the effects of individual (level 1) characteristics. Younger age, being widowed, lower income, and having some functional limitations were associated with increased depression symptoms conditional on census tract random effects. However, none of the neighborhood characteristics was significantly associated with depression symptoms, conditional on census tract random effects, either unadjusted or adjusted for individual characteristics. CONCLUSION: Any observed association between neighborhood sociodemographic characteristics and individual depressive symptoms in our sample may reflect the characteristics of the individuals who reside in the neighborhood rather than the neighborhood characteristics themselves. The use of multilevel modeling is important to separate these effects.