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Gráinne Lennon áine Balfe Helen Earley Liam A Devane Aonghus Lavelle Desmond C Winter J Calvin Coffey P Ronan O'Connell 《Gut microbes》2014,5(3):277-285
The colonic mucus gel layer (MGL) is a critical component of the innate immune system acting as a physical barrier to microbes, luminal insults, and toxins. Mucins are the major component of the MGL. Selected microbes have the potential to interact with, bind to, and metabolize mucins. The tolerance of the host to the presence of these microbes is critical to maintaining MGL homeostasis. In disease states such as ulcerative colitis (UC), both the mucosa associated microbes and the constituent MGL mucins have been shown to be altered. Evidence is accumulating that implicates the potential for mucin degrading bacteria to negatively impact the MGL and its stasis. These effects appear more pronounced in UC.
This review is focused on the host-microbiome interactions within the setting of the MGL. Special focus is given to the mucolytic potential of microbes and their interactions in the setting of the colitic colon. 相似文献
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Kevin G. Byrnes Patrick A. Kiely Colum P. Dunne Kieran W. McDermott John Calvin Coffey 《Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.)》2021,34(1):82-89
COVID‐19 has generated a global need for technologies that enable communication, collaboration, education and scientific discourse whilst maintaining physical distance. University closures due to COVID‐19 and physical distancing measures disrupt academic activities that previously occurred face‐to‐face. Restrictions placed on universities due to COVID‐19 have precluded most conventional forms of education, assessment, research and scientific discourse. Anatomists now require valid, robust and easy‐to‐use communication tools to facilitate remote teaching, learning and research. Recent advances in communication, video conferencing and digital technologies may facilitate continuity of teaching and research activities. Examples include highly‐interactive video conferencing technology, collaborative tools, social media and networking platforms. In this narrative review, we examine the utility of these technologies in supporting effective communication and professional activities of anatomists during COVID‐19 and after. 相似文献
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Jean Coffey Michelle Cloutier Mikki Meadows-Oliver Carlos Terrazos 《Journal of pediatric health care》2012,26(5):356-363
Puerto Ricans have been found to have higher asthma prevalence rates than non-Hispanic whites, blacks, and all other Hispanic subgroups. They also have the highest rates of emergency department (ED) use for the management of their asthma. Using a hermeneutic phenomenological approach, the aim of this study was to describe the lived experience of Puerto Rican families caring for their child's asthma and using the ED for asthma care. Six themes were generated from in-depth interviews with 10 Puerto-Rican caregivers: (1) The Folklore of Asthma, (2) Culture and the Medicine Woman, (3) In Awe of Asthma, (4) Praying to God, (5) The Decision–Time to Go, and (6) The ED Environment. The findings emphasize the necessity of establishing and maintaining a therapeutic partnership between primary care providers and families of children with asthma. The results may be used as a foundation for understanding motivations for seeking asthma care in the ED. 相似文献
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Michael S. Businelle Darla E. Kendzor Carla J. Rash Scott M. Patterson Scott F. Coffey Amy L. Copeland 《Substance use & misuse》2013,48(7):905-914
The Gambling Task (GT) has demonstrated sensitivity to a type of decision-making that differentiates individuals manifesting substance use disorders from those without such disorders. However, studies have not yet compared the GT performance of “heavy smokers” to the performance of never-smokers. In the present study, the GT performance of “heavy smokers” (n = 39) and never-smokers (n = 32) recruited from the community was compared in an experimental design. Analysis of covariance showed that “heavy smokers” performance on the GT was significantly worse than that of never-smokers (p < .01). Implications, the study's limitations and future directions are discussed. 相似文献
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Saskia PJ Verkleij Pim AJ Luijsterburg Sten P Willemsen Bart W Koes Arthur M Bohnen Sita MA Bierma-Zeinstra 《The British journal of general practice》2015,65(637):e530-e537
Background
The effectiveness of diclofenac versus paracetamol in primary care patients with pain caused by knee osteoarthritis is unclear.Aim
To assess the effectiveness of diclofenac compared with paracetamol over a period of 2, 4, and 12 weeks in patients with knee osteoarthritis.Design and setting
Randomised controlled trial in general practice.Method
There were 104 patients included in the study, they were aged ≥45 years consulting their GP with knee pain caused by knee osteoarthritis. Patients were randomly allocated to diclofenac (n = 52) or paracetamol (n = 52) for at least 2 weeks. Primary outcomes were daily knee pain severity, and knee pain and function measured with the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS).Results
Over a period of 2- and 4-weeks follow-up, no significant difference in daily knee pain was found between the patient groups: estimated differences of 0.5 (95% CI = −0.2 to 1.3) and −0.2 (95% CI = −1.0 to 0.7), respectively. Over the 12-weeks follow-up, no significant differences were found between both groups for KOOS pain: estimated difference of −2.8 (95% CI = −10.7 to 5.1) and KOOS function of −2.7 (−10.6 to 5.0).Conclusion
Over a period of 2- and 4-weeks follow-up no significant difference in daily measured knee pain severity was found between primary care patients with knee osteoarthritis taking paracetamol or diclofenac. Also, over a period of 12-weeks follow-up no significant differences were found regarding KOOS pain and KOOS function between both groups. Patients more frequently reported minor adverse events after taking diclofenac (64%) than paracetamol (46%). 相似文献68.
Differential effects of nitric oxide on erythroid and myeloid colony growth from CD34+ human bone marrow cells 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
Nitric oxide (NO) is a reactive molecule with numerous physiologic and pathophysiologic roles affecting the nervous, cardiovascular, and immune systems. In previous work, we have demonstrated that NO inhibits the growth and induces the monocytic differentiation of cells of the HL- 60 cell line. We have also demonstrated that NO inhibits the growth of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia cells freshly isolated from untreated patients and increases monocytic differentiation antigens in some. In the present work, we studied the effect of NO on the growth and differentiation of normal human bone marrow cells in vitro. Mononuclear cells isolated from human bone marrow were cultured in semisolid media and treated with the NO-donating agents sodium nitroprusside (SNP) or S- nitroso-acetyl penicillamine (SNAP) (0.25 to 1 mmol/L). Both agents decreased colony-forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E) and colony-forming unit- granulocyte macrophage (CFU-GM) formation by 34% to 100%. When CD34+ cells were examined, we noted that these cells responded to SNP and SNAP differently than did the mononuclear cells. At a concentration range of 0.25 to 1 mmol/L, SNP inhibited the growth of CFU-E by 30% to 75%. However, at the same concentration range, SNP increased the number of CFU-GM by up to 94%. At concentrations of 0.25 to 1 mmol/L, SNAP inhibited the growth of CFU-E by 33% to 100%. At a concentration of 0.25 mmol/L, SNAP did not affect CFU-GM. At higher concentrations, SNAP inhibited the growth of CFU-GM. Although SNP increased intracellular levels of cGMP in bone marrow cells, increasing cGMP in cells by addition of 8-Br-cGMP (a membrane permeable cGMP analogue) did not reproduce the observed NO effects on bone marrow colonies. These results demonstrate that NO can influence the growth and differentiation of normal human bone marrow cells. NO (generated in the bone marrow microenvironment) may play an important role modulating the growth and differentiation of bone marrow cells in vivo. 相似文献
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