华法林钠片在健康受试者生物等效性试验中的安全性分析

目的 探讨健康受试者参加华法林钠片生物等效性试验的安全性。方法 收集2017—2020在首都医科大学宣武医院开展的4项随机、开放、四周期、交叉对照设计的华法林钠片生物等效性（BE）试验中188例受试者,比较空腹与餐后给药所发生不良事件（TEAEs）的差异及TEAEs与性别和年龄的相关性。结果 4个试验中共报告了116例次TEAEs,与试验药物相关的TEAEs 29例次,均属于轻度,主要为凝血功能指标异常（14例次）和肝功能指标异常（10例次）。餐后给药试验中肝功能指标异常的发生例次多于空腹给药试验（8∶2）,与试验药物具有相关性的TEAEs发生率出现随年龄增加而增高的趋势。结论 健康受试者参加BE试验单次口服华法林钠片的安全性良好,与试验药物相关的不良事件多与华法林的药理机制有关,年龄是不良事件发生类型和发生率的潜在影响因素。     

语音播报提醒功能对早期药物临床试验中采血时间的影响

目的 探讨语音播报提醒功能对早期药物临床试验中采血时间准确性的影响。方法 自Sample Guide智能样本管理系统数据库中调取2018年6月—2019年10月无语音播报提醒功能条件下6 558个血液样本采集时间作为对照组;2019年12月—2021年2月启用语音播报提醒功能后12 768个血液样本采集时间作为试验组。比较两组实际采血时间与计划采血时间的偏离程度、采血时间超窗发生率、采血时间记录异常发生率。结果 启用语音播报提醒功能后,实际采血时间与计划采血时间的偏离程度较小,差值绝对值比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;采血时间超窗发生率明显降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;采血时间记录异常的发生率明显降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 语音播报提醒功能可以缩短实际采血时间与计划时间的偏离程度,有效减少药物临床试验中采血时间超窗次数的发生,提高了早期药物临床试验中采血时间的准确度。     

Gingival metastasis from primary hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide; however, cases with metastasis to the oral cavity are extremely rare. Herein, we report a 68-year-old man who was diagnosed with HCC. Ten months after surgical removal of the right half of his liver, the patient developed gingival metastasis. Unfortunately, the patient died 4 months after the diagnosis. We discuss treatment options, pathological results, and disease prognosis. When a mandibular gingival mass is found, metastatic tumors should be considered in the differential diagnosis. In this regard, the patient’s medical history and physical examination are valuable indicators for the diagnosis of mandibular gingival metastasis. This case provides a basis for the clinical diagnosis of metastatic HCC involving the oral cavity.     

决策树分析在医学信息管理教学实践中的应用

决策树法为卫生管理者提供了一个有价值的作决策的工具,它是用树状图法来描述各种方案在不同情况下的收益,据此计算每种方案的期望收益从而作出决策的方法,是较常用的风险型决策法.应用决策树分析法构建我校信息管理专业课及专业基础课的教学方案,得出了外校和本校教师相结合进行教学的办法是可行的方案的结论.     

心脏康复对经皮冠状动脉支架植入术后患者的影响

目的探讨心脏康复治疗对经皮冠状动脉支架植入术（PCI）患者血脂生化指标、体重水平及健康行为的影响．方法将164例PCI术后患者分为实验组及对照组,实验组在常规护理基础上,接受为期12周的心脏康复治疗,而对照组只做常规护理治疗．结果实验组和对照组血脂各项生化指标及体重在出院后6个月与出院时均差比较,TG、TC、HDL、LDL及体重下降差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;实验组TG、TC、HDL、LDL及体重分别在出院时、出院后3个月及出院后6个月进行比较,TG、LDL及体重差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）．结论心脏康复治疗能显著改善PCI术后患者的健康,改变其不良的生活方式,降低血脂各项生化指标,从而减少ISR发生率,提高患者的生活质量．     

艾滋病相关淋巴结病理改变及其与淋巴结中CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞的相关性

目的探讨艾滋病患者淋巴结组织中CD4 CD25 调节性T细胞的表达、分布及其与病理改变的相关性。方法对22例活检及13例尸体解剖的HIV/AIDS患者的淋巴结进行组织学观察和病理分期,采用免疫组织化学法对淋巴结组织中的CD4 CD25 调节性T细胞特异性标记物FoxP3进行检测。结果35例艾滋病患者的淋巴结中,1～4期分别有5、4、14和12例。所有淋巴结组织中均检测出FoxP3的阳性表达;在1、2期病变淋巴结内,FoxP3阳性细胞数量较多,分布于滤泡间区和副皮质区;3、4期随着淋巴细胞的数量衰竭,阳性细胞数量的减少更加明显。结论艾滋病患者淋巴结中存在有CD4 CD25 调节性T细胞,随着淋巴结病变的进展其数量减少或耗竭。     

敦化市保健食品消费者认知状况调查

目的本研究旨在通过对消费者进行保健食品知识调查,了解其对保健食品的指导需求,为进行更为有效的保健食品教育以及消费和开发提供依据。方法自行设计《保健食品知识调查》问卷,随机调查敦化市保健食品消费者400名。数据采用EXCEL软件双录入,用SPSS 13.0统计软件进行数据分析。结果 400名被调查者中,男183名,女217名,中青年居多,自由从业者为占较大比例,以高中/中专和大专/本科学历者居多。未接受过营养与保健食品知识教育的人约占1/4,近半数人接受过相关营养与保健食品知识培训超过5次,具有营养师或健康管理师资格者占12%。人均月收入为1 000～4 999元者所占比例较大,人均每月用于保健食品的费用,≤50元、51～100元、101～200元、201～300元、301～500元以及>500元者,均有一定比例。结论被调查者对保健食品知识的知晓率尚待提高。建议进一步加强保健食品有关知识的宣传教育,加强对公众营养补充剂有关知识的宣教,提高消费者的营养与保健食品知识水平。本调查研究为保健食品教育的设计和实施提供了科学依据。     

Oral microbiota in the oral-genitourinary axis:identifying periodontitis as a potential risk of genitourinary cancers

Periodontitis has been proposed as a novel risk factor of genitourinary cancers:although periodontitis and genitourinary cancers are two totally distinct types ...     

Impact of Precursor Concentration on Perovskite Crystallization for Efficient Wide-Bandgap Solar Cells

High-crystalline-quality wide-bandgap metal halide perovskite materials that achieve superior performance in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been widely explored. Precursor concentration plays a crucial role in the wide-bandgap perovskite crystallization process. Herein, we investigated the influence of precursor concentration on the morphology, crystallinity, optical property, and defect density of perovskite materials and the photoelectric performance of solar cells. We found that the precursor concentration was the key factor for accurately controlling the nucleation and crystal growth process, which determines the crystallization of perovskite materials. The precursor concentration based on Cs_0.05FA_0.8MA_0.15Pb(I_0.84Br_0.16)₃ perovskite was controlled from 0.8 M to 2.3 M. The perovskite grains grow larger with the increase in concentration, while the grain boundary and bulk defect decrease. After regulation and optimization, the champion PSC with the 2.0 M precursor concentration exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.13%. The management of precursor concentration provides an effective way for obtaining high-crystalline-quality wide-bandgap perovskite materials and high-performance PSCs.     

Sulfate Freeze–Thaw Resistance of Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement Mortar

Concrete facilities in the severe-cold areas of western China (salt lake environments and heavy saline soils) are seriously damaged by the multiple corrosion effects of freeze–thaw cycles and sulfate corrosion. Magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) cement-based material has become an ideal concrete structural component because of its superior performance. Because concrete structural repair materials are used in heavy-corrosion environments, their durability in those environments should also be considered. Regarding the salt-freezing resistance of MPC, the existing studies have all used a NaCl solution as the heat transfer medium. In addition to chlorine salt, sulfate, especially Na₂SO₄, is also common in typical use environments such as oceans, salt lakes, and groundwater. To evaluate the sulfate freeze–thaw resistance of potassium magnesium phosphate cement (MKPC) mortar, in this study the strength development, weight loss, and water absorption of MKPC mortar specimens subjected to different freeze–thaw cycles were tested and compared with those for Portland cement (P.O) mortar specimens of the same strength grade. The results showed that the P.O mortar specimen completely lost its strength after 75 cycles of rapid water freezing and thawing and 50 cycles of sodium sulfate solution (5%) freezing and thawing. However, the residual strength rating of the MKPC mortar specimen after 75 cycles of water freezing and thawing and 100 cycles of sodium sulfate solution freezing and thawing was higher than 75%. After 50 rapid freeze–thaw cycles in water and a 5% Na₂SO₄ solution, the P.O mortar specimen’s mass loss exceeded the 5% failure standard, whereas the mass loss of the MKPC mortar specimens was much less than 5%. Before the freeze–thaw cycles, the water absorption of the P.O mortar specimen was close to 8 times that of the MKPC mortar specimen, and after 50 water freeze–thaw cycles and 25 sulfate solution freeze–thaw cycles, the water absorption reached 4.88% and 5.68%, respectively. However, after 225 freeze–thaw cycles in water and the sulfate solution, the water absorption rates of MKPC mortar specimens were 2.91% and 2.51% respectively. The test and analysis results show that the freeze–thaw resistance of MKPC mortar was much higher than that of Portland cement mortar specimens. Those results provide a prerequisite for applying and expanding the use of MKPC-based materials in severe-cold areas of western China (salt lake and heavily saline soil environments).