寒冷干燥地区平时火器伤的早期处理

目的　探讨寒冷干燥地区平时火器伤伤情特点与早期救治方法。方法　对 1991年 1月— 2 0 0 2年 12月间 40例火器伤病人的临床救治进行回顾分析。结果　 2 4例枪伤中 ,2 0例一期缝合伤口 ,均一期愈合 ,另外 4例只清创未一期缝合的伤口 ,3例愈合 ,1例感染 ;4例骨折内固定均愈合良好 ,无骨髓炎发生。 16例炸伤病人局部软组织损伤及污染比枪弹伤重 ,14例一期缝合伤口中 ,10例一期愈合 ,4例感染 ,骨折内固定 2例 ,均愈合良好 ,无骨髓炎发生。结论　寒冷干燥地区火器伤早期伤道清创时限可适当延长 ,在平时火器伤的救治中 ,对软组织条件较好的创面 ,早期清创后可一期闭合伤口和骨折内固定 ,这样可减少感染和伤残 ,促进康复     

食管癌颈部吻合术中前壁单层吻合术的应用

目的　探讨食管癌颈部吻合术中前壁单层吻合的临床应用价值 ,并与同期荷包状食管胃吻合法 (前壁双层吻合法 )相比较。方法　对 32 1例食管癌行根治性切除及食管胃颈部吻合术 ,其中前壁双层吻合 16 1例 ,前壁单层吻合16 0例。结果　双层吻合术中 ,吻合口瘘 5例 (3.13% ) ,随访 137例 ,吻合口直径 <0 .5 cm者占 5例 (3.5 % ) ,0 .5 - 1cm者70例 (5 0 .9% ) ,1cm以上者 6 2例 (4 5 .6 % ) ,单层吻合术中 ,吻合口瘘 7例 (4 .38% ) ,随访 131例 ,吻合口直径 <0 .5 cm者无 1例发生 ,0 .5 - 1cm者 5 3例 (4 0 .8% ) ,>1cm以上者 78例 (5 9.2 % )。结论　食管癌颈部吻合术中 ,前壁单层吻合能减少吻合口狭窄 ,改善术后病人的生活质量 ,而吻合口瘘发生率无明显增加。     

成神经细胞瘤骨转移的X线诊断(附13例报告)

目的探讨成神经细胞瘤骨转移的X线表现及分型。方法分析13例成神经细胞瘤骨转移的X线表现，并根据X线表现将其分为溶骨型和成骨型。结果13例患者中，溶骨型9例，成骨型4例，各型病例均有其特征性的X线表现。结论根据患者年龄及特征性的X线表现，对成神经细胞瘤骨转移可作出诊断。     

内毒素休克大鼠核因子κB活化规律及其在生物蝶呤诱生中的作用

目的观察内毒素休克大鼠血浆及主要脏器核因子(NF)κB活化规律及其对生物蝶呤(BH4)和一氧化氮(NO)表达水平的影响,探讨内毒素休克时NF-κB信号通路对BH4诱生NO的分子调控机制及其与多器官功能损害的关系。方法将47只大鼠按表格随机法分为正常组(8只)、内毒素／脂多糖(LPS)组(24只,每观察时相点8只,均同时注射LPS制成休克模型)和拮抗组[15只,每观察时相点5只,均同时注射LPS并以吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸盐(PDTC)拮抗]。休克及拮抗组于注射LPS后2、6、12 h观察,并与正常组同法处死,无菌留取大鼠血标本及肝、肺、肾组织,测定组织中NF-κB活性和三磷酸鸟苷环水解酶Ⅰ(GTP-CHⅠ)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)mRNA表达水平、血浆和组织中的BH4含量及NO水平、肝脏和肾脏功能指标、肺组织髓过氧化物酶活性。结果与正常组(例如肺组织中NF-κB活性为26±6)比较,LPS组大鼠组织中NF-κB迅速活化(P<0．01),并于注射后2 h达峰值(肺组织中为291±44);LPS组各组织中GTP-CHⅠ和iNOS mRNA表达、BH4和NO水平也较正常组明显升高(P<0．05或0．01),至伤后12 h仍持续较高水平。此外,该组相应器官功能均受到不同程度的损害。应用PDTC的拮抗组大鼠各组织中NF-κB活性均较LPS组有所降低,GTP-CHⅠ、iNOS mRNA表达及BH4、NO水平显著受抑,肝、肺、肾功能明显改善。结论内毒素休克时机体内NF-κB通路高度活化,并对BH4／NO系统具有明显调节效应;可通过下调BH4介导的iNOS的过度活化抑制NF-κB信号途径,从而减轻组织炎性反应,对机体脏器功能起到保护作用。     

Changes in treatment of advanced laryngeal cancer 1985-2001

OBJECTIVE: In 1991, a randomized study was published and demonstrated that use of nonsurgical therapy (chemoradiation) provided similar survival to total laryngectomy (the gold standard) for patients with advanced-stage laryngeal cancer. The purpose of this study was to assess how treatment of advanced laryngeal cancer was influenced by such developments in non-surgical therapy. STUDY DESIGN: Patterns of care study using National Cancer Database (1985-2001). RESULTS: The percentage of advanced-stage patients treated with chemoradiation increased from 8.3% to 20.8% while the proportion treated with radiation alone decreased from 38.9% to 23.0%. Use of chemoradiation increased at a significantly faster rate after the 1991 publication at both community cancer centers and teaching research facilities. The use of total laryngectomy decreased slightly during this period. CONCLUSIONS: The use of chemoradiation increased after the 1991 publication. It was impossible to determine from the NCDB whether additional patients who could benefit from chemo-RT were not offered or did not complete this treatment option. We recommend that treatment recommendations discussed at tumor boards be recorded in cancer registries.     

致敏供者淋巴细胞输注对受者免疫功能重建及移植物抗宿主病发生率的影响

目的探讨非清髓异基因外周血造血干细胞移植后致敏供者淋巴细胞输注(DLI)对受者免疫重建及移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)发生率的影响。方法以C57BL/6小鼠(H-2b)为受鼠, BALB/c小鼠(H-2d)为供鼠,建立异基因外周血造血干细胞移植模型(实验组),移植当天受者接受60Coγ射线全身照射,移植后第2天腹腔注射环磷酰胺200 mg/kg。以不行造血干细胞移植,仅行γ射线全身照射和环磷酰胺腹腔注射的正常C57BL/6小鼠为对照。实验组存活小鼠在移植后第28天分别接受致敏供鼠淋巴细胞输注(n=8)、未致敏供鼠淋巴细胞输注(n=8),另有6只不输注供鼠淋巴细胞。移植后检测受者异基因嵌合率,观察GVHD的发生情况以及T淋巴细胞亚群变化,并行供受者间以及供受者与第三方小鼠(昆明鼠)间的单向混合淋巴细胞反应。结果实验组受鼠SRY基因均为阳性,嵌合率为(30.881±3.962)%。DLI后,接受未致敏DLI者均出现不同程度的GVHD,死亡3只(7.5%,3/8),而接受致敏DLI者无明显GVHD及死亡者。移植后45 d,接受致敏DLI者的CD8 T淋巴细胞明显高于正常C57BL/6小鼠(P<0.05),而接受未致敏DLI者的CD8 T淋巴细胞与正常对照的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),至移植后60 d,接受DLI者的T淋巴细胞亚群接近正常(P>0.05);对照组T淋巴细胞亚群持续低于正常对照(P<0.05)。实验组小鼠淋巴细胞对供者淋巴细胞刺激的反应性均下降(P<0.01),以接受致敏DLI者最明显,而对昆明鼠淋巴细胞刺激的反应性维持正常水平。结论造血干细胞移植后输注致敏供者的淋巴细胞能促进受者的免疫功能重建,并可减少GVHD的发生。     

Endolymphatic mastoid shunt versus endolymphatic sac decompression for Ménière's disease.

OBJECTIVE: This study compares the efficacy of endolymphatic mastoid shunt (EMS) versus endolymphatic sac decompression (ESD) without sac incision for the treatment of Ménière's disease. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: The AAO-HNS Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Evaluation of Therapy in Ménière's disease were used to retrospectively identify suitable candidates for the study. All patients who failed medical management and underwent either endolymphatic-mastoid shunt (EMS) (n = 88) or endolymphatic sac decompression (ESD) (n = 108) were selected for review using the AAO-HNS guidelines. The study was carried out at a tertiary care neurotology private practice. RESULTS: EMS and ESD were equally effective in reducing the incidence and severity of vertigo attacks with significant improvement in 67 percent and 66 percent of patients, respectively. CONCLUSION: Both EMS and ESD are effective, nondestructive alternatives for patients who have failed medical management of Ménière's disease with similar long-term hearing outcomes. SIGNIFICANCE: This is the only study within the same institution using AAO-HNS guidelines comparing EMS versus ESD.     

Anatomic and spiral computed tomographic study of the genial tubercles for genioglossus advancement.

OBJECTIVE: To measure and compare Chinese mandibular genial tubercles measured anatomically and with computed tomography (CT). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Spiral CT scans were taken of 40 adult human skulls; the superior genial spines were measured using anatomic and CT methods. RESULTS: The height and width of the superior genial spines, mandible thickness, and distance from the menton to the inferior and superior margins of the superior genial spines were 5.82 +/- 0.71, 6.98 +/- 1.35, 11.95 +/- 1.59, 11.08 +/- 2.05, and 16.91 +/- 2.30 mm from anatomic measurements and 6.17 +/- 0.71, 7.01 +/- 1.13, 12.19 +/- 1.64, 10.41 +/- 1.55, and 15.73 +/- 2.12 mm using spiral CT, respectively. The anatomic and CT measurements were correlated. CONCLUSION: Spiral CT of the genial tubercles can help locate the osteotomy in genioglossus advancement. SIGNIFICANCE: This study acquired reference data on Chinese genial tubercles demonstrating that CT measurements of the genial tubercles reflect their anatomy, which should allow accurately locate the osteotomy.     

维吾尔族和汉族弱精子症病人精子mtDNA4977bp缺失相关性研究

目的探讨维吾尔族和汉族弱精子症病人精子mtDNA~(4977bp)缺失的相关性。方法本文采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术对60例标本分两组,维、汉各30例,其中精子活力正常标本(对照组)和弱精子症患者(观察组)各15例进行了精子线粒体DNA(mtDNA)缺失的研究。结果发现15例做内对照的维族精子活力正常人中仅有3例(20%)有mtDNA~(4977bp)缺失；而15例维吾尔族弱精子症患者中有10例(67%) mtDNA~(4977bp)缺失；两组4977bp缺失频率比较有显著性差异(P＜0．05)。15例做内对照的汉族精子活力正常标本中无mtDNA~(4977bp)缺失；15例汉族弱精子症患者中有12例(80%)mtDNA~(4977bp)缺失。两组4977bp缺失频率比较差异有显著性(P＜0．05)。同时发现维吾尔族男性不育症与汉族男性不育症mtDNA~(4977bp)缺失频率无显著性差异。结论维吾尔族和汉族mtDNA~(4977bp)缺失在弱精子症的发病中可能起重要作用。