复方中药不同给药途径对输卵管炎性大鼠肿瘤坏死因子α的影响及病理组织学观察

目的:观察自拟复方中药不同给药途径对输卵管炎性大鼠机体肿瘤坏死因子α的影响及其抗炎疗效与机制。方法:实验于2005-03/2005-07在黑龙江中医药大学国家三级实验室中医妇科药理实验室进行。以大肠杆菌、金葡菌、链球菌按2∶1∶1比例用无菌生理盐水稀释,配成浓度约为30亿个/mL的混合菌。复方中药妍婷灌肠液为临床经验方,由哈尔滨世一堂药厂按原方制备成颗粒剂,主要由赤芍、延胡索、丹参、三棱、莪术、红藤、皂刺、败酱、川楝子等组成。按人鼠体质量比换算后,以2.7g/kg用生理盐水溶解后给药。建模:用200g/L乌拉坦腹腔注射麻醉Wistar雌性大鼠,分别在子宫角近输卵管处进针,向输卵管-卵巢方向注射细菌悬液各0.1mL。建模后经筛选,将109只大鼠按随机表法分为:正常对照组30只(同条件下饲养的正常鼠)、模型组27只(术后20d开始给生理盐水,20mL/(kg·d))、妍婷灌胃组26只以及妍婷灌肠组26只。每组分别于术后20d开始用药,至妍婷干预后15、30d各取8只以观察疗效。干预后分别用ELISA检测血清中肿瘤坏死因子α水平。结果:109只大鼠均进入结果分析。①用妍婷干预的两组肉眼观察大鼠输卵管结构均比模型组有不同程度的好转,尤其以妍婷灌肠组明显,已接近正常表现。从光镜下输卵管组织病理学改变情况来看,妍婷灌肠与灌胃组都比模型组有不同程度的恢复,以妍婷灌肠组表现最好,基本接近正常。从透射电镜下输卵管组织超微结构改变情况来看,妍婷灌肠与灌胃组都比模型组有不同程度的好转,以妍婷灌肠组恢复较好。②正常对照组无肿瘤坏死因子α表达。妍婷灌肠组与灌胃治疗后肿瘤坏死因子α表达量明显低于模型组,妍婷灌肠组肿瘤坏死因子α表达量低于灌胃组[15d:(21.83±2.16),(60.36±5.72),(89.18±7.62)个/mm2;30d:(20.01±1.67),(59.25±5.26),(90.63±4.47)个/mm2,P<0.01]。结论:复方中药妍婷可以降低输卵管炎性大鼠机体肿瘤坏死因子α蛋白表达和血清中肿瘤坏死因子α水平,从而对大鼠输卵管炎性具有很好的治疗作用。     

Endothelin system function in diabetic nephropathy

Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is a major chronic complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), and one of the main causes of new cases for dialysis, being associated with increasing mortality. The main risk factors for DN are hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and genetic susceptibility. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in genesis and progression of DN and there is evidence of an interrelationship between this system and the endothelins. Endothelins are powerful vasoconstrictor peptides and act as modulators of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. These peptides act through two types of receptors (ET-A and ET-B) and are expressed on endothelial cells and vascular smooth-muscle cells. Activation of this receptor in renal cells leads to a complex signaling cascade resulting in stimulation of mesangial cell hypertrophy, proliferation, contraction, and extracellular matrix accumulation. These hemodynamic renal alterations are associated with the onset and progress of renal disease in DM. Elevated endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels have been reported in patients with DM. There is evidence suggesting that an increase in the production of ET-1 leads to glomerular damage. The use of ET receptor antagonists has been reported as renoprotective, correcting the early hemodynamic abnormalities in experimental DM, reinforcing the importance of this system in DN.     

β3肾上腺能受体基因Trp64Arg多态性与慢性心力衰竭的相关性

目的:分析β3肾上腺能受体基因Trp64Arg多态性与慢性心力衰竭的相关性。方法:受试者临床生化指标的检测在清华大学第一附属医院和长治市人民医院的检验科进行,分子生物学实验在重庆医科大学生物医学工程研究室进行。①慢性心力衰竭组:选择2004-02/2006-02在清华大学第一附属医院心内科和长治市人民医院干部病房就诊的慢性心力衰竭患者260例,均为汉族,年龄(56±7)岁。②对照组:同期参加体检的健康人280例,均为汉族,年龄(56±3)岁。两组观察对象均自愿参加观察。测定两组观察对象的空腹血糖、血清总胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平。应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性技术分析两组观察对象的β3肾上腺能受体基因Trp64Arg多态性。结果:慢性心力衰竭患者260例及健康体检者280例,全部进入结果分析,无脱落。①两组观察对象的临床指标比较:两组间性别构成、年龄、空腹血糖、血清总胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05)。②两组观察对象β3肾上腺能受体基因Trp64Arg多态性比较:慢性心力衰竭组Arg等位基因频率高于对照组[0.36,0.24(χ2=19.89,P<0.05)]。两组观察对象的Trp/Arg多态性分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg定律。结论:在中国汉族人群中,β3肾上腺能受体基因Trp64Arg多态性与慢性心力衰竭有明显相关性,Arg等位基因可能是一个慢性心力衰竭的易感基因。     

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant BA.2 neutralisation in sera of people with Comirnaty or CoronaVac vaccination,infection or breakthrough infection,Hong Kong, 2020 to 2022

BackgroundOmicron subvariant BA.2 circulation is rapidly increasing globally.AimWe evaluated the neutralising antibody response from vaccination or prior SARS-CoV-2 infection against symptomatic infection by BA.2 or other variants.MethodsUsing 50% plaque reduction neutralisation tests (PRNT₅₀), we assessed neutralising antibody titres to BA.2, wild type (WT) SARS-CoV-2 and other variants in Comirnaty or CoronaVac vaccinees, with or without prior WT-SARS-CoV-2 infection. Titres were also measured for non-vaccinees convalescing from a WT-SARS-CoV-2 infection. Neutralising antibodies in BA.2 and BA.1 breakthrough infections and in BA.2 infections affecting non-vaccinees were additionally studied.ResultsIn vaccinees or prior WT-SARS-CoV-2-infected people, BA.2 and BA.1 PRNT₅₀ titres were comparable but significantly (p < 10 ^− 5) lower than WT. In each group of 20 vaccinees with (i) three-doses of Comirnaty, (ii) two CoronaVac followed by one Comirnaty dose, or (iii) one dose of either vaccine after a WT-SARS-CoV-2 infection, ≥ 19 individuals developed detectable (PRNT₅₀ titre ≥ 10) antibodies to BA.2, while only 15 of 20 vaccinated with three doses of CoronaVac did. Comirnaty vaccination elicited higher titres to BA.2 than CoronaVac. In people convalescing from a WT-SARS-CoV-2 infection, a single vaccine dose induced higher BA.2 titres than three Comirnaty (p = 0.02) or CoronaVac (p = 0.00001) doses in infection-naïve individuals. BA.2 infections in previously uninfected and unvaccinated individuals elicited low (PRNT₅₀ titre ≤ 80) responses with little cross-neutralisation of other variants. However, vaccinees with BA.1 or BA.2 breakthrough infections had broad cross-neutralising antibodies to WT viruses, and BA.1, BA.2, Beta and Delta variants.ConclusionsExisting vaccines can be of help against the BA.2 subvariant.     

世界华人消化杂志和World Journal of Gastroenterology2006年工作总结

世界胃肠病学杂志社于2006-12-22在北京鹭鹭酒家东方店举行了第三次工作会议,总结了2006年《世界华人消化杂志》和《World Journal of Gastroenterology》各项编辑出版工作,国家自然科学基金委员会杂志部祖广安主     

Novel PLA/Chitosan Composite Materials Prepared by SCF-CO2 Technique

Because of the incomparable merits （nontoxicity, non-remainder, fast transfer mass） of supercritical carbon dioxide fluid technique（SC-CO2）, it was used to developed a series of novel biodegradable tissue engineering scaffold materials in this research. The novel PLA/chitosan composite materials could be molded to different shapes, and the porosity of the materials were over 200 lam and connected. Chondrocyte cultivation, subcutaneous and intramuscular implantation were mainly discussed this paper. The results showed that the cells could well adhere, grow and multiplicate on the surface of the materials, which indicated good biocompatibility of the composite materials. The plantation test revealed that the PLA materials had already dismissed 2 month late in the body, while the composite materials could still keep certain strength and shape, and the most important things is the response of the tissue toward the implanted PLA/chitosan composite materials was mild and had far less inflammation than PLA materials. 8 to 16 weeks later, fiber membrane was stable; degradation of the materials was seen clear and tissue had already spread into it.     

脐血干细胞和胎盘间充质干细胞在妇产科应用中的前景

目的:介绍脐血干细胞和胎盘间充质干细胞的研究进展,以及干细胞在妇产科中的应用前景。资料来源:应用计算机检索Medline1996-01/2006-12与脐血干细胞和胎盘间充质干细胞、以及干细胞在妇产科中的应用相关的文章,检索词为“human cord blood,mesenchy malstem cell,placenta,gene therapy in the uterus”,限定文献语种为“English”;同时检索万方数据库2000-01/2006-12相关文章,检索词为“脐血,间充质干细胞,胎盘,宫内治疗,卵巢癌,子宫癌”,限定文献语种为中文。资料选择:共检索到相关文献500余条,进一步查找全文,优先选择与临床应用靠近的文章,无论观察对象是人还是动物均纳入,筛除干细胞的提取、分化或培养等基础类研究,明显重复和综述文献也排除,最后纳入31条文献进行综述。资料提炼:31条文献中论述脐血干细胞和胎盘间充质干细胞的特点及应用文章有26篇,关于宫内移植干细胞治疗的文章有2篇,其他为研究干细胞在妇产科中应用的文章。资料综合:①大量实验证明脐血是骨髓、外周血后的第3种非常有潜力的造血干细胞资源。目前应用脐血移植治疗的疾病有急(慢)性白血病、恶性淋巴瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、再生障碍性贫血、严重免疫缺陷症等,而且已经有一定疗效。②胎盘作为胚胎发育中维系母体和胎儿氧气及营养物质交换的重要暂时性器官,无论从解剖结构还是在发育行为上,都包含了较为幼稚的胚胎及趋于成熟的成体干细胞成分,而且胎盘不会涉及伦理道德问题,目前已成为寻找人类间充质干细胞新来源及提高临床应用效果的研究热点。③干细胞宫内移植为先天性疾病治疗开辟了一条新途径。另外干细胞在器官再造、男性不育治疗和保存生育能力等生殖医学领域的研究也取得了重大进展,在妇科肿瘤方面,如以化疗保护为目标的基因治疗已逐步应用于临床。结论:脐血和胎盘取材方便、安全,还能避免免疫排斥和伦理问题,已成为人类间充质干细胞新来源。干细胞在宫内治疗、生殖疾病和妇科肿瘤方面也有广泛的临床应用前景。     

筛选心肌缺血再灌注大鼠差异表达基因

目的：利用抑制性消减杂交技术，筛选出大鼠心肌缺血再灌注的差异表达基因，以期通过基因线索探讨其损伤机制。方法：实验于2006—03／10在中山大学中山医学院完成。①实验分组：Sprague-Dawley雄性大鼠40只，随机分为手术组，对照组，每组20只。②实验干预：手术组结扎左冠状动脉，心电图出现急性心肌梗死改变90min后，去除结扎线，再灌注60min，建立心肌缺血再灌注大鼠模型。对照组仅穿线不结扎，余同手术组。③取缺血区心肌，提取Total RNA，构建cDNA文库，利用抑制性消减杂交技术筛选差异表达基因，测序，登录Genbank寻找同源性基因。结果：共获得124个阳性结果，56个为高表达基因，68个为低表达基因，其中发现5个新的cDNA片段。其中能量代谢、物质运输、信号转导相关差异表达基因分别占所有差异表达基因的39．25％，15．89％，15．89％，并且主要变化为下调。结论：抑制性消减杂交技术是一种高效的筛选差异基因的方法。心肌缺血再灌注后基因变化涉及多种功能的基因，以能量代谢、物质运输、信号转导相关基因下调明显。