应用Ilizarov外固定器治疗儿童马蹄内翻足12例

1临床资料1997-10/2003-5采用Ilizarov外固定器结合足部小手术矫正足部畸形12例(12足),男9例,女3例,年龄3.3～9.2岁,平均5.5岁.其中先天性者8例(均为僵硬型,其他手术方法治疗后复发),神经源性3例(系脑脊膜膨出引起),外伤性者1例(烧伤引起).手术前根据患儿年龄、患足畸形程度、大小及X线片形态结构特点,选择合适的Ilizarov外固定器.     

Hemorrhage of the optic disc and neurosensorial dysacousia

Forty-one high-tension glaucoma patients. 16 normotensive glaucoma patients, and 30 normals were studied in relationship to neurosensorial dysacousia. Although frequency of dysacousia was higher in normotensive glaucoma (87.5%) in comparison with high-tension glaucoma (75.69%) and normals (76.6%). this was not statistically significant (p = 0.53). When we compared glaucoma patients with and without hemorrhages of disc. 100% of the former had neurosensorial dysacousia and 71.4% of the latter had it (p = 0.047). The association of vascular disease in neurosensorial dysacousia and its association with hemorrhages of the optic disc suggest that there could be a common vascular denominator in both diseases.     

China’s great wall,Israel’s Bar Lev Line,and passive infectious disease surveillance

Emerging infectious diseases are some of modern society’s greatest threats. Like some great construction efforts designed to protect mankind, current public health measures against these emerging pathogens have not always been successful. This paper highlights the importance of embracing new interdisciplinary approaches towards emerging pathogen threats. One such approach, termed One Health, is quickly being embraced by professional organizations and public health institutions across the world as a way forward. This paper briefly discusses the above problems and preliminary steps taken by Chinese academic institutions to embrace the One Health approach.     

5-单硝酸异山梨酯血药浓度测定及其在人的药代动力学

采用气相色谱-电子捕获检测法测定 5-单硝酸异山梨酯的血药浓度。样品经乙醚—正己烷混合溶剂提取,三氟醋酐进行衍生化后,用5% SE-30硅烷化玻璃填充柱分离,以硝酸异山梨酯为内标,⁶³Ni电子捕获检测器检测。此法操作简便,日内、日间误差分别小于4%和6.5%,平均回收率为99.62%±1.19%。在20～800ng·mL^-1血浆浓度范围内呈线性关系(γ=0.9995)。最低检测浓度为2.0ng·mL^-1。应用此法研究了10名健康志愿者单次口服20mg 5-单硝酸异山梨酯片后的药代动力学。     

Involvement of PKCα and G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 in agonist-selective desensitization of μ-opioid receptors in mature brain neurons

Background and purpose:

The ability of an agonist to induce desensitization of the µ-opioid receptor (MOR) depends upon the agonist used. Furthermore, previous data suggest that the intracellular mechanisms underlying desensitization may be agonist-specific. We investigated the mechanisms underlying MOR desensitization, in adult mammalian neurons, caused by morphine (a partial agonist in this system) and DAMGO (a high-efficacy agonist).

Experimental approach:

MOR function was measured in locus coeruleus neurons, by using whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology, in rat and mouse brain slices (both wild-type and protein kinase C (PKC)α knockout mice). Specific isoforms of PKC were inhibited by using inhibitors of the receptors for activated C-kinase (RACK), and in vivo viral-mediated gene-transfer was used to transfect neurons with dominant negative mutants (DNMs) of specific G-protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs).

Key results:

Morphine-induced desensitization was attenuated by using RACK inhibitors that inhibit PKCα, but not by other isoform-specific inhibitors. Further, the PKC component of morphine-induced desensitization was absent in locus coeruleus neurons from PKCα knockout mice. The PKC-enhanced morphine-induced desensitization was not affected by over-expression of a GRK2 dominant negative mutant (GRK2 DNM). In contrast, DAMGO-induced MOR desensitization was independent of PKC activity but was reduced by over-expression of the GRK2 DNM but not by that of a GRK6 DNM.

Conclusions and implications:

In mature mammalian neurons, different MOR agonists can induce MOR desensitization by different mechanisms, morphine by a PKCα-mediated, heterologous mechanism and DAMGO by a GRK-mediated, homologous mechanism. These data represent functional selectivity at the level of receptor desensitization.     

Can mupirocin prevent methicillin-resistant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Staphylococcus aureus</Emphasis> infections?

In a retrospective study, Dr Muller and colleagues have assessed the efficacy of mupirocin nasal ointment alongside hygienic measures in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-positive patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Their findings, which suggest that intranasal mupirocin can prevent ICU-related MRSA infections, need confirmation in a well-designed clinical trial. In general: early identification, isolation and treatment of all MRSA carriers, including health care workers, and disinfection of contaminated environments, are the main 'ingredients' of an effective MRSA 'search and destroy' program.