内镜联合肝动脉栓塞化疗、射频消融治疗肝细胞癌合并胆管癌栓

目的探讨内镜联合肝动脉栓塞化疗（transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE）、射频消融（percutaneous radiofrequency ablation,PRAF）治疗肝细胞癌（hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC）合并胆管癌栓的治疗效果。方法回顾总结1999年1月～2005年12月收治的65例肝细胞癌合并胆管癌栓的诊疗情况。结果65例中,均行内镜胆道引流术或EST及取栓,联合TACE,PRAF治疗。本组无手术死亡。癌栓清除率为95．4％（62／65）,肿瘤坏死率为96．9％（63／65）,1年生存率为60．0％（39／65）,3年生存率为38．5％（25／65）。结论内镜联合TACE及PRAF治疗肝细胞癌合并胆管癌栓不失为一种行之有效的微创治疗方法,疗效优于单纯的内镜、TACE及PRAF治疗。     

家族性胃癌与散发性胃癌临床病理特征及预后的比较

目的探讨家族性胃癌的临床病理特征及预后,以提高家族性胃癌的诊治水平。方法回顾性分析大连医科大学附属第二医院1995—2005年收治的67例家族性胃癌患者的临床和随访资料。并与同期收治的具有完整资料的820例散发性胃癌患者进行比较。结果与散发性胃癌相比,家族性胃癌患者中45岁以下者[34．3％（23／67）比14．6％（120／820）]、早期胃癌者[23．9％（16／67）比13．8％（108／820）]、弥漫型者[79．1％（53／67）比29．0％（238／820）]及淋巴结转移者[91．0％（61／67）比70．9％（581／820）]比例更高（均P〈O．05）。家族性胃癌患者术后5年生存率为20．5％,明显低于散发性胃癌的45．1％（P〈O．05）。结论家族性胃癌具有发病年龄早、病期晚、淋巴结转移率高及预后差等特点．其治疗重点在于早期诊断。     

股骨近段纤维结构不良内翻畸形的手术疗效

目的 评估和分析股骨近段纤维结构不良内翻畸形手术治疗的临床疗效.方法 2000年8月至2009年5月,采用截骨矫形、病灶刮除、打压植骨、股骨重建钉内固定治疗21例(24个)股骨纤维结构不良伴重度内翻畸形患者,男12例,女9例;年龄14～39岁,平均22.7岁.其中15例为单纯髋内翻畸形,6例同时伴髋内翻及股骨内翻畸形.颈干角55°～105°,平均75°;股骨内翻角18°～45°,平均30°;患侧股骨长度较对侧短缩2.0～4.5 cm,平均3.4cm.其中13例患者因发生病理性骨折而行手术治疗.结果 21例患者均获得随访,随访时间21个月至7年,平均3年4个月.24个股骨共30处截骨面中,28处于术后3～6个月骨性愈合,2例双段远端截骨面各有1处在术后12个月时仍不愈合,经再次植骨3个月后骨性愈合.21例内翻畸形股骨力线均完全矫正,术后颈干角矫正为95°～135°,平均118°;股骨内翻角完全纠正.股骨长度较术前延长1.8～3.6 cm,平均2.8cm.术后无一例患者发生感染、畸形进展及再骨折.17例患者疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scales,VAS)由术前7～10分降至术后0分,4例VAS评分由术前8～10分降至术后3～4分.Harris髋关节功能评分优12例,良6例,可3例.结论 外翻截骨可有效矫正内翻畸形,股骨重建钉可稳定股骨,大量打压式植骨可有效恢复骨量.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate and analyse the effectiveness of surgical treatment for fibrous dysplasia in proximal femur with severe varus deformity.Methods A retrospective study was performed in 21 patients (24 femora)of fibrous dysplasia who were treated in our hospital between August 2000 and May 2009.All patients had severe femoral varus deformity.The four-step procedures were performed orderlv as valgus osteotomy,lesion curettage,impacting of massive bone allograft,and fixation by femoral intramedullary nail.There were 6 patients with monostotic disease,15 with polyostotic diseases,including 12 males and 9 females with a mean age of 22.7 years(range,14-39 years).The average neck-shaft angle and femoral varus angle was 75°(range 55°-105°)and 30°(range,18°-45°),respectively.The average length of thigh shortened 3.4 cm(range,2.0-4.5 cm)compared with the contralateral thigh.Results All of the 21 patients were followed up from 21 months to 7 years with an average period of 3 years and 4 months.There were 30 osteotomy sites in 24 femurs,28 osteotomy sites showed bone union after 3-6 months from surgery.Two distal location of the double-level osteotomy showed nonunion,which received bone grafting again and got bone union after 3 months finally.The femoral mechanical alignments of the 21 patients had been recriticd.The average neck-shaft angle was 118°(range,95°-135°)postoperatively,the femoral varus angle disappeared.The average extremity lengthening was 2.8 cm(range,1.8-3.6 cm)postoperatively.There were no infection,recurrent fracture and progression of deformity.The visual analogue scales(VAS)score of 17 patients decreased to zero postoperatively from 7-10 preoperatively,and that of the other 4 patients decreased to 3-4 postoperatively from 8-10 preoperatively.The result of Harris hip functional score was excellent in 12 cases,good in 6,and fair in 3.Conclusion The valgus osteotomy can rectify varus deformity effectively.The reconstract nail of the fumer can support the stability of femur.Impacting of massive bone allograft can improve the capacity of the femur.     

膀胱部分切除术中使用羟基喜树碱预防肿瘤切口种植复发疗效观察

目的：探讨膀胱尿路上皮细胞癌行膀胱部分切除术中使用羟基喜树碱浸泡切口,以预防肿瘤切口种植复发的临床效果。方法：回顾性分析396例接受膀胱部分切除术患者的临床资料：所有患者均经病理检查诊断为尿路上皮细胞癌,其中男220例,女176例,中位年龄64岁。肿瘤病理分期为T1期27例,T2期163例,T3期144例,T4期62例。手术整块切除肿瘤及其周边膀胱壁组织后,用羟基喜树碱40nag溶于生理盐水40ml中,浸泡膀胱腔、膀胱前壁切口、耻骨后间隙及手术切口共5rain,吸出药液后用约500ml蒸馏水或生理盐水冲洗2～3次。结果：本组围手术期主要并发症包括严重的尿路刺激症27例（6．8％）,伤口感染或延期愈合12例（3．0％）,尿瘘9例（2.3％）．上尿路感染8例（2．0％）,术后出血3例（0．8％）。377例患者获得随访,中位随访时间61个月（8～117个月）,仅1例患者肿瘤切口种植复发,发生率为0．27％。结论：膀胱尿路上皮细胞癌患者行膀胱部分切除术中使用羟基喜树碱浸泡手术切口,能显著降低肿瘤切口种植复发的发生率,方法简单、有效、安全。     

广西城镇与农村慢性肾脏病的流行病学状况比较

目的 了解广西城镇和农村居民慢性肾脏病（CKD）流行情况及危险因素,为临床积极做好CKD防治工作提供有力依据。 方法 采用分层多级抽样方法,对广西18～74岁常住居民进行CKD抽样调查。被调查者均接受问卷调查,检测尿白蛋白/肌酐比值、血尿(离心后尿沉渣显微镜检查)和肾脏B超,结果异常者3个月后进行复查。用国人校正的简化MDRD公式计算估计肾小球滤过率（eGFR）。同时调查CKD的相关危险因素。 结果 城镇和农村居民白蛋白尿标化患病率（5.22%比5.47%）和血尿标化患病率（1.07%比1.11%）差异无统计学意义（均P > 0.05）。农村居民肾结石患病率高于城镇（10.54%比6.95%,P < 0.05）。城镇与农村居民肾功能下降患病率（3.87%比4.04%）和CKD患病率（9.58%比9.42%）差异均无统计学意义（均P > 0.05）。城镇与农村白蛋白尿患病率按年龄分布趋势不同,城镇随年龄增加而增高,农村则有两个发病高峰,年龄分别为30～40岁和60～74岁年龄段。根据Logistic回归分析,广西居民白蛋白尿的危险因素是糖尿病、高尿酸血症、心血管疾病史、慢性扁桃体炎、HBsAg阳性;肾功能下降的危险因素是年龄、高尿酸血症、高血压、糖尿病、肾结石和心血管疾病史。城镇居民CKD知晓率高于农村（14.45％比6.27％,P < 0.05）。 结论 广西城镇与农村居民CKD患病率差异无统计学意义,城镇居民CKD知晓率高于农村,需要加强农村CKD防治工作。     

髌骨软骨破坏程度对保留髌骨的全膝关节置换术疗效的影响

目的 探讨髌骨软骨破坏程度对保留髌骨的全膝关节置换术疗效的影响.方法 2002年1月至2006年5月行全膝关节置换术163例244膝,根据术中观察到的髌骨软骨破坏程度将患者分为轻度、中度、重度软骨破坏三组.所有手术均不置换髌骨.术后随访88例133膝,轻度组42膝,中度组43膝,重度组48膝.采用美国膝关节学会评分(Knee Society Score,KSS)系统(包括膝评分和膝功能评分)和膝前痛评分系统对三组疗效进行评估.结果 随访48～102个月,平均72个月.KSS膝评分和膝功能评分从术前(35.1±5.4)分和(19.2±9.8)分分别提高到(91.7±5.6)分和(83.7±17.5)分.三组KSS膝评分从术前(34.7±6.2)分、(36.5±5.2)分、(35.3±6.2)分分别提高至(92.6±4.5)分、(90.5±6.7)分、(91.9±5.9)分;膝功能评分从术前(14.2±8.6)分、(16.5±7.4)分、(17.0±7.5)分分别提高至(86.6±12.6)分、(82.0±17.2)分、(82.8±21.1)分.三组术后膝评分和膝功能评分的差异均无统计学意义.术后膝前痛的发生率为11.3%(15/133),轻度、中度、重度软骨破坏组分别为11.9%(5/42)、11.6%(5/43)、10.4%(5/48),差异无统计学意义.结论 全膝关节置换术后疗效及膝前痛的发生率与术前髌骨软骨破坏程度无关,髌骨软骨破坏程度不是全膝关节置换术中置换髌骨的可靠依据.

Abstract：

Objective To determine whether there was any correlation between the degree of degenerative changes in the patellar cartilage and the clinical outcome after TKA without patellar resurfacing.Methods A clinical study was performed on 133 knees of 88 patients that underwent TKA without patellar resurfacing from January 2002 to May 2006. According to the degenerative condition of the patellar cartilage,patients was classified as mild group, moderate group, and severe group. Pre- and post-operative evaluations were performed using the knee and function scores of the Knee Society Clinical Rating System (KSS) and Anterior Knee Pain Rating. Results The duration of follow-up was 72 months (range 48-102). The overall knee score of KSS in all patients were improved from 35.1±5.4 preoperatively to 91.7±5.6 postoperatively,and function score of KSS from 19.2±9.8 preoperatively to 83.7±17.5 postoperatively. The mean knee scores of KSS were improved from 34.7±6.2, 36.5±5.2 and 35.3±6.2 preoperatively to 92.6±4.5, 90.5±6.7 and 91.9±5.9 in mild, moderate, and severe group postoperatively, respectively. The mean function scores of KSS were improved from 14.2±8.6, 16.5±7.4 and 17.0±7.5 postoperatively to 86.6±12.6, 82.0±17.2 and 82.8±21.1 in mild, moderate, and severe group postoperatively, respectively. There was no difference among all groups with regard to the postoperative knee scores and function scores of KSS. The prevalence of anterior knee pain was 11.3% in all, and 11.9% in mild group, 11.6% in moderate group and 10.4% in severe group. There was no difference among all groups with regard to the anterior knee pain. Conclusion The clinical outcome and anterior knee pain after TKA without patellar resurfacing was not correlated with the severity of degenerative changes in the patellar cartilage. The degree of degenerative condition of the patellar cartilage is not indication for patellar resurfacing.     

大鼠睾丸Leydig细胞体外增殖研究

目的:探讨通过优化细胞培养体系,实现Leydig细胞的体外增殖培养。方法:联合应用胶原酶消化、不锈钢滤网过滤及差速贴壁法获得3周龄雄性Wistar大鼠睾丸Leydig细胞,贴壁细胞以DMEM/F12培养液及优化培养体系培养,MTT法、细胞计数法检测培养细胞的增殖能力;分别对原代培养2h、4d细胞进行3β-HSD免疫化学染色及流式细胞术分析,检测细胞成分,同时检测培养细胞睾酮在hCG刺激下分泌能力变化。结果:优化培养体系能够明显促进3周龄大鼠睾丸Leydig细胞大量增殖,群体倍增时间为(2.26±0.31)d,传统培养体系培养细胞群体倍增时间为(16.32±2.14)d,两者差异有显著性(P<0.05);原代细胞经流式细胞术鉴定,3β-HSD阳性细胞所占比例分别为(54.3±7.1)%,培养4d后,增殖细胞3β-HSD阳性细胞率为(93.6±4.6)%。增殖细胞均有睾酮生成功能,在hCG刺激下睾酮分泌均明显上升(P<0.05)。结论:优化培养体系能够促进差速贴壁法获得的睾丸Leydig细胞大量增殖。     

盆腔脂肪增多症的影像学表现(附六例分析)

目的 报道６例盆腔脂肪增多症的影像表现。方法 ６例患者分别应用多种方法检查,手术证实４例,随访２例。结果 ＣＴ检查６例,示盆腔内大量低密度影并膀胱变形,５例输尿管及肾盂扩张;Ｂ超检查６例,示盆腔内大量强回声光团,膀胱变形,５例肾盂、输尿管扩张;ＭＲ检查３例,示盆腔内大量短Ｔ１、短Ｔ２信号,膀胱变形并肾盂、输尿管扩张;Ｘ线平片４例,显示盆部透亮度增加;静脉肾盂造影４例,示输尿管扩张移位、肾盂积水;钡     

Clinical management of abdominal trauma

Objective： To improve the prognosis of patients with abdominal trauma.
Methods： Between January 1993 and December 2005, 415 patients were enrolled in this research. The patients consisted of 347 males and 68 females with mean age of 36 years （ranging from 3-82 years）. All abdominal traumas consisted of closed traumas （360 cases, 86.7%） and open traumas （55 cases, 13.3%）.Results： A total of 407 cases （98.1%） were fully recov- ered from trauma and the other 8 cases （1.9%） died of mul- tiple injuries. The mean injury severity score （ISS） of all patients was 22 while the mean ISS of the patients who died in hospital was 42. Postoperative complications were seen in 9 patients such as infection of incisional wounds （6 cases）, pancreatic fistula （2 cases） and intestinal fistula （1 case）. All these postoperative complications were cured by the conservative treatment. Conclusion： Careful case history inquisition and physical examination are the basic methods to diagnose abdominal trauma. Focused abdominal ultrasonography is always the initial imaging examination because it is non-invasive and can be performed repeatedly with high accuracy. The doctors should consider the severity of local injuries and the general status of patients during the assessment of abdominal trauma. The principle of treatment is to save lives at first, then to cure the injuries. Unnecessary laparotomy should be avoided to reduce additional surgical trauma.     

64排螺旋CT胸部三合一扫描在急性胸痛检查中的应用

目的探讨64排螺旋CT胸部“三合一”扫描在急性胸痛检查中的应用。方法利用飞利浦64排螺旋CT进行胸部“三合一”增强扫描，57例获得原始横断面图像后，采用容积再现（VR）、最大密度投影（MIP）、多平面重建（MPR）技术处理图像，29例与DSA结果进行比较。结果所有病例CT三合一扫描一次检查均获成功，显示冠状动脉狭窄25例，闭塞1例；急性肺动脉栓塞3例；主动脉夹层6例；房间隔缺损2例。结论64排螺旋CT胸部一次扫描获得冠状动脉、主动脉及肺动脉重建图像，对于诊断冠心病、主动脉夹层、肺动脉栓塞等导致急性胸痛的常见疾病是一种方便可靠的无创检查方法，具有重要临床应用价值。