介绍一种新的降眼压药——可乐定

可乐定(Clonidin),亦名Calapresan,化学名为2-(2.6-Dichlorphenylamino)-2-imidazolin H Cl.系1962年合成,是一种交感神经系统血管收缩中枢的抑制剂。原用为高血压病人的降血压药,静注剂量为70—150微克,口服可达600—900微克。(均为成人1日量)。 1966年发现口服此药在降血压的同时可降胝眼压,1969年发现局部滴眼也有降血压和眼压的作用。1971年有人报告24例原发性青光眼每日服药4次每次150微克可使眼压平均降低8毫米汞柱。有人用双盲试验将此药0.25％溶液与2％毛果芸香碱及安慰剂分别滴眼进行比较,发现此药可平均降眼压7毫米汞柱。有的急性青光眼可在一次滴药后由69毫米汞柱降至正常范围。而且发现此药对青光眼患者的降压作用     

Antagonistic Effects of Tranilast on Proliferation and Collagen Synthesis Induced by TGF-β2 in Cultured Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells

Whether tranilast had antagonistic effect on proliferation inhibition and collagen synthesis promotion induced by TGF-β2 in cultured human trabecular meshwork cells was investigated. Suspension of 1 × 104 cultured human trabecular meshwork cells of 3-5 passage was distributed in each well of a 96-well disk and divided into control group and experimental group. After 24 h, 0 μg/ml (control), 12.5 μg/ml, 25 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml tranilast with 3.2 ng/ml TGF-β2 were added into the incubation medium. Another 24 h later, proliferation and collagen synthesis in cultured human trabecular meshwork cells were examined respectively by using tetrazolium-based semiautomated colormetric (MTT) assay and 3 H-proline incorporation with liquid scintillation technique. The results showed absorbance (A) values of the experimental groups were 0. 9036 ± 0. 3017, 1.1361 ±0.1352, 1.2457 ±0.1524 according to the different concentrations of tranilast, and 0. 8956 ±0. 1903 of the control group. In comparison with the control group, 25 μg/ml (q′= 3. 23, P＜0.05), 50 μg/ml (q=4.70, P＜0.01) tranilast significantly antagonized the decrease of the A values induced by TGF-β2 in the cultured human trabecular meshwork cells. In comparison with the control group [817.37±124.21 cpm/104 cells], 12.5 μg/ml (620.33±80.46 cpm/104 cells, q′=4.26, P＜0.05),25 μg/ml (594. 58±88.13 cpm/104 cells, q′=4. 81, P＜0.01), 50 μg/ml (418. 64±67.90 cpm/104 cells, q′=8.62, P＜0.01) tranilast significantly inhibited the incorporation of 3 H-proline into the cultured human trabecular meshwork cells promoted by TGF-β2 in a dose-dependent manner. It was concluded that tranilast had the antagonistic effect on the proliferation inhibition and collagen synthesis promotion induced by TGF-β2 in the cultured human trabecular meshwork cells.     

Effects of Visible Light on Cultured Bovine Trabecular Cells

To explore the biological effects of light on trabecular cells, cultured bovine trabecular cells were exposed to visible light of different wavelength with different energy. Cellular morphology, structure, proliferation, and phagocytosis were observed. The cells showed no remarkable changes when the energy was low. When the exposure energy reached 1. 12 mW/cm^2 , the cytoplasm showed a rough appearance, and cell proliferation and phagocytosis decreased. This photo-toxicity was strong with white light (compound chromatic light), moderate with violet light or yellow light,and mild with red light.     

牛眼小梁网细胞蛋白多糖的生化测定及意义

目的确定培养的牛眼小梁网细胞中细胞层和培养液中蛋白多糖（ｐｒｏｔｅｏｇｌｙｃａｎ，ＰＧ）单链的种类和构成比。方法在第３代牛眼小梁网细胞的细胞层和培养液中分别掺入３Ｈ葡萄糖胺，用４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ盐酸胍提取ＰＧ单链，依次行葡聚糖凝胶（ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ）Ｇ５０、二乙氨乙基葡聚糖纤维素（ＤＥＡＥｓｅｐｈａｃｅｌ）、经共价交联的琼脂糖凝胶（ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅＣＬ６Ｂ）的柱层析、碱水解等，放射测量获得ＰＧ的种类和构成比。结果在细胞层和培养液中分别测到４种ＰＧ单链，细胞层的种类和构成比分别为透明质酸ＰＧ３０２％、硫酸类肝素ＰＧ２０９％、硫酸软骨素ＰＧ２１６％、硫酸皮肤素ＰＧ１８１％、其它９２％；培养液中上述４种ＰＧ依次为２４２％、２０１％、２５７％、２３０％及７０％。结论培养的牛眼小梁网细胞的外间质中存在ＰＧ，小梁网细胞亦能分泌ＰＧ。ＰＧ的异常合成、分泌和构成比改变的研究可能有助于对原发性开角型青光眼的发病学和治疗学的认识。     

Effects of hydrostatic pressure on cultured bovine trabecular meshwork cells

Elevationofintraocularpressureisoneofthemaincharacteristicsofglaucoma,whichcausesdamagetovariousoculartis-sues[1'2].Theinvestigationofpressureontrabecularmeshworkcellswasseldomre-ported,andwaslimitedtoinvivoresearch-es[3'4],whichinvolvedmanyinfluencingfactors.Therefor,weculturedbovinetra-becularmeshwork(BTM)cellsinvljroandsubjectedthecellstodifferentlevelsofhy-drostaticpressuretoexploreitspossibleef-fects.1METHODS1.1ProcedureofBTMCellCuItureTheprocedureofisolationofbovinetrabeculumandth…     

地塞米松对体外培养的晶状体上皮细胞水通道蛋白-1表达的影响

目的观察体外培养的人眼晶状体上皮细胞(LECs)水通道蛋白-1(AQP-1)的表达;研究地塞米松对其表达水平的影响。方法运用免疫组织化学法测定人眼LECs AQP-1的表达;用含0、1×10-8、5×10-8、10×10-8、50×10-8mol/L地塞米松的DMEM培养液培养人眼LECs7d,采用RT-PCR检测地塞米松对LECs AQP-1表达的影响。结果免疫组织化学检测示体外培养的正常人眼LECs胞膜和胞浆中可见AQP-1的表达;RT-PCR示正常人眼LECs AQP-1/β-actin吸光度比值为1·43±0·12;4种浓度地塞米松处理7d后其比值分别为1·32±0·09、1·27±0·08、1·01±0·09、0·67±0·10,当地塞米松浓度≥5×10-8mol/L时有抑制作用(P<0·05),且抑制作用随地塞米松浓度的增加逐渐增强。结论体外培养的人眼LECs中可见AQP-1的表达,AQP-1可能参与维持晶状体的脱水状态及其透明性;地塞米松抑制体外培养的人眼LECs AQP-1的表达,AQP-1可能在皮质类固醇性白内障的发生发展中起重要作用。     

国产房水引流置入物治疗顽固性青光眼近期疗效观察

目的 观察国产引流置人物治疗顽固性青光眼的疗效.方法 对10例顽固性青光眼施行颞上象限或颞下象限到赤道部区域的国产HAD房水引流物置人术.结果 术后半年以上由术前眼压46.6±4.5 mmHg,下降至19.75±5.78 mmHg,总成功率为70%.并发症有短暂性前房出血,术后早期低眼压引流管过长或过短.结论 国产HAD房水引流物置入术较为经济,是治疗难治性青光眼的一种有效方法之一.     

体外培养人眼小梁细胞表达转化生长因子—β2

目的：了解体外培养人眼小梁细胞是否会表达转化生长因子－β2(Transforming growth factor-β2,TGF-β2),以确定TGF-β2的异常变化是否与原发性开角型青光眼发病有关。方法：一步法提取体外培养人眼的小梁细胞RNA,利用RT－PCR检测TGF－β2的m RNA, 用双链测序鉴定PCR产物,并用免疫组化SUPERVISION法检测TGF－β2蛋白的表达。结果：RT－PCR扩增得到的单一产物,其序列与已知序列完全一致。TGF－β2免疫组化染色呈阳性。结论：小梁细胞自身产生的TGF－β2,是小梁网局部微环境和房水中TGF－β2的来源之一,TGF－β2不仅通过旁分泌式,也可通过自分泌方式作用于小梁细胞。小梁细胞产生TGF－β2的异常变化是否与原发性开角型青光眼发病有关,值得进一步研究。     

青光眼术后晶体混浊的有关因素

青光眼术后晶体混浊发生或加重颇为常见,同时也是手术者与患者十分关心的问题。现根据我院最近10年病例远期随访的结果对有关因素进行临床分析,希望能对这种情况的预测与预防有所帮助。对象与方法1979年～1988年青光眼手术的患者88例125眼,手术年龄22～80岁、平均56.1岁。其中原发性闭角型111眼,急性65眼,慢性     

我国人正常视野的测定

本文用Goldmann视野计对80名(160眼)正常人进行了视野测定,得出我国人视野的正常数值,Ⅰ4e 等视线为上方42°、鼻侧52°、下方52°、颞侧62°;Ⅰ2e 等视线为上方20°、鼻侧24°、下方24°、颞侧32°。正常等视线受年龄、种族不同的影响,无性别差异。中央视野左眼大于右眼,这可能与熟练程度有关(本组受检查者全部先查右眼后查左眼)。