重庆市大学生自杀未遂者社会距离与社交限制的研究

目的 了解重庆市大学生中有无自杀未遂者对10种不同特征人群的社会距离和接纳程度的异同点.方法 采用<自杀态度与心理健康状况问卷>,在重庆市随机抽取的11所大学中调查9808名大学生,通过统计描述、t检验分析比较有无自杀未遂的大学生对10种不同特征人群(曾犯罪入狱、患高血压病、有过自杀行为、是同性恋、有过严重抑郁症、感染艾滋病毒、家人自杀死亡、有过吸毒、住过精神病院及曾酗酒)的社会距离和接纳程度.结果 在抽取的9808名大学生中有自杀未遂者169例,自杀未遂报告率为1.7%.有无自杀未遂大学生对于10种不同特征陌生人的社会距离,有9项均分高于50分,前三位均是感染艾滋病毒、有过吸毒、住过精神病院.有无自杀未遂大学生在对有过吸毒(有自杀83.38±21.82,无自杀78.55±21.55,t=2.88,下同)、住过精神病院(79.27±21.23,75.67±21.31,t=2.17)、同性恋(66.87±24.77,74.14±21.94,t=-4.25)、曾酗酒(66.72±21.80,61.00±22.80,t=3.23)及患高血压(56.65±20.40,53.36±21.05,t=2.01)的陌生人社会距离分值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).有无自杀未遂大学生对处于10种不同特征已认识的人的社会距离,有7项均分高于50分,前三位均是住过精神病院、有过吸毒及曾酗酒.有无自杀未遂大学生在对同性恋(35.28±30.38,42.83±30.76,t=-3.14)、有过严重抑郁(56.59±28.49,61.64±25.56,t=-2.53)及有过自杀行为(51.46±28.19,56.56±26.35,t=-2.48)的已认识人群的社会距离分值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 重庆市大学生对10种不同特征人群总体的社会距离和社交限制较大,自杀未遂大学生对某些人群的社会距离和社交限制较无自杀未遂者要小,可据此对自杀未遂者采取针对性干预措施.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the attitude towards 10 different populations with different characteristics on their social distance and acceptance among those people with or without suicidal attempts among college students in Chongqing.Methods 9808 college students were randomly selected from 11 universities in Chongqing and administered a self-constructed questionnaire"Suicide Attitude and Mental Health Status Questionnaire".A t-test was employed to analyze the social distance and degree of acceptance of college students with or without suicide attempts towards different groups as criminals,hypertensive,with suicide actions,homosexuals,depressive disorder,HIV infection,drug addiction,death of family members,hospitalization history in mental service and alcohol addiction.Results 169 college students had suicide attempts;the reporting rate of suicide attempts was 1.7%.Among college students.the scores higher than 50 on nine items related to social distance towards strangers with those 10 different characteristics and the top three were on those with HIV infection,drug addiction and hospitalization history in mental service.There were differences(P<0.05)in scores of social distance attitude towards strangers with drug addiction(with suicide attempts 83.38±21.82,without suicide attempts 78.55±21.55,t=2.88).hospitalization history in mental service(79.27±21.23,75.67±21.31,t=2.17),homosexuality(66.87±24.77,74.14±21.94,t=-4.25),alcohol addiction(66.72±21.80,61.00±22.80,t=3.23)and hypertension(56.65±20.40,53.36±21.05.t=2.01)between college students with or without suicide attempts.College students scored higher than 50 in 7 items of social rejective attitudes towards acquaintances,of those with hospitalization history in mental service,drug and alcohol addiction ranked the top three.It showed statistical significances in social rejection attitudes towards acquaintances with homosexuality(35.28±30.38,42.83±30.76,t=-3.14),severe depression(56.59±28.49,61.64±25.56,t=-2.53)and suicide behaviors(51.46±28.19,56.56±26.35,t=-2.48)between students with or without suicide attempts.Conclusion College students in Chongqing kept quite far social distance and restrictive behaviors in college students with or without suicide attempts.Targeted interventions on suicide attempters should be carried out accordingly.     

YAG激光治疗人工晶状体术后迟发性渗出膜的疗效观察

目的:观察和分析YAG激光联合常规药物治疗人工晶状体植入术后迟发性渗出膜的疗效。方法:采用随机对照研究设计,对62例62眼后房型人工晶状体植入术后发生迟发性前葡萄膜炎的患者随机分为治疗组31例和对照组31例:所有患者人工晶状体前渗出膜达3级或3级以上,治疗组行YAG激光联合常规药物治疗;对照组行常规药物治疗。所有患者均随访2～3mo。结果:两组病例经治疗后晶状体前膜均吸收,炎症均消退,视力均有不同程度提高;两组间的术前、术后视力和眼压变化比较差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05);治疗组治愈时间(14.6±2.3d)较对照组(20.4±3.4d)明显缩短(P<0.01);两组术后未见严重并发症发生。结论:YAG激光联合常规药物治疗人工晶状体术后迟发性渗出膜疗效满意。     

不同年级医科大学生的人格特征的调查分析

目的了解不同年级医学生的人格特征。方法采用卡特尔I6PF人格测量表,对在校低年级学生392人和赴临床实习高年级学生339人进行测试。结果低年级与高年级医学生在A、C、E、G、H、I、O、Q2、Q4等9项人格因素上有显著性差异,在X2、X3、X4、Y4等四项次级人格因素上有显著性差异。结论低年级与高年级的医学生人格特征上存在差异,应对其有针对性地进行心理辅导和心理干预,进一步完善其人格。     

中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值对糖尿病性玻璃体积血的预测价值

目的：分析全血细胞计数衍生炎症标志物对糖尿病性玻璃体积血（DVH）的预测价值。方法：本回顾性病例对照研究纳入2020年1月至2021年2月在武汉大学人民医院眼科中心住院并接受手术治疗的41例DVH患者和41例年龄、性别1∶1匹配且无糖尿病性视网膜病变的糖尿病患者（对照组）。收集所有参与者的临床资料和实验室检测结果，记录并计算全血炎症指标。结果：DVH组的中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值（NLR）、中性粒细胞和血红蛋白与淋巴细胞比值（NHL）明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。血小板与淋巴细胞比值（PLR）和系统性免疫炎症指数（SII）在两组间无明显差异（P>0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示，NLR和NHL是糖尿病患者发生DVH的危险因素（P<0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示，NLR和NHL预测DVH发生的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.70和0.63。结论：NLR和NHL是预测DVH的简单而廉价的炎症标志物。NLR优于其他全血炎症标志物。