强心方对慢性心力衰竭小鼠心功能及心室重构的影响

目的 观察强心方对心力衰竭小鼠心功能及梗死区心肌组织细胞纤维化和心室重构(ventricular remodeling,VR)的影响。方法 将48只雄性C57小鼠腹腔注射阿霉素制作心力衰竭模型,于造模成功后分别给予强心方低剂量及高剂量灌胃,连续灌胃1个月后通过超声心动图检测各组小鼠心功能水平,随后取材。ELISA检测小鼠血清BNP水平,Masson三色染色分别观察梗死区胶原纤维沉积,RT-qPCR检测小鼠心脏组织Anp、β-MHC基因表达水平。结果 心力衰竭发生后,相较于模型组,强心方治疗各组超声心动图检测表明其心功能水平提升,ELISA检测发现心力衰竭指标BNP水平降低,Anp、β-MHC基因表达提示抑制心肌肥大,Masson三色染色分别观察梗死区胶原纤维沉积减少。结论 强心方可以一定程度上改善慢性心力衰竭小鼠心功能水平,其可能通过小鼠减轻心肌肥厚、纤维化等多途径延缓心室重构进程。     

miR-218-5p、HMGB1在过敏性紫癜患儿外周血中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨miR-218-5p与HMGB1在HSP、HSPN患儿外周血的表达及临床意义。方法 选择过敏性紫癜(Henoch-Schnlein purpura, HSP)、紫癜性肾炎(Henoch-Schnlein purpura nephritis, HSPN)住院患儿各30例作为实验组,门诊体检儿童30例作为对照组。采用RT-PCR技术检测外周血中miR-218-5p的表达,ELISA法检测外周血中HMGB1的表达,观察3组儿童中miR-218-5p、高迁移率族蛋白1(high-mobility group box-1, HMGB1)的表达水平,同时分析HSP组、HSPN组两组间白细胞计数(white blood cell, WBC)、中性粒细胞绝对计数(absolute neutrophil count, ANC)、淋巴细胞绝对计数(absolute lymphocyte count, ALC)、红细胞计数(red blood cell, RBC)、血小板计数(platelet, PLT)、尿素(urea, UREA)、肌酐(creatinine, CRE)、尿酸(uric acid, UA)的表达。结果 miR-218-5p表达在对照组、HSP组、HSPN组逐渐降低; HMGB1表达在对照组、HSP组、HSPN组逐渐增高; miR-218-5p、HMGB1、WBC、ANC与肾脏损伤发生差异有统计学意义;而ALC、RBC、UREA、CRE、UA与肾脏损伤发生差异无统计学意义;miR-218-5p是HSP患儿发生肾脏损伤的独立保护性因素,HMGB1是独立危险性因素;miR-218-5p在HSP发展过程中诊断肾脏损伤的最佳截断值为0.515,敏感度为100.0%,特异性为76.7%;HMGB1诊断肾脏损伤的最佳截断值为3348.2pg/ml,敏感度为86.7%,特异性为90.0%。结论 miR-218-5p可能通过靶向调节HMGB1的表达参与HSP、HSPN的发病机制,并且与病情严重程度相关,有望成为HSP患儿的生物学靶点。     

胃癌术前淋巴结转移评估方法研究进展

胃癌在我国的发病率及病死率较高,目前,手术仍然是胃癌的主要治疗方式。术前诊断淋巴结转移对于胃癌手术方式的选择有着重大意义。目前,临床中对于胃癌术前淋巴结转移的诊断尚没有金标准。本文对胃癌术前淋巴结转移评估方法的研究进展进行综述。     

基因诊断技术在脊柱结核诊断中的应用现状

脊柱结核是一种常见的肺外结核病。近年来,随着脊柱结核患者逐年增多,不典型脊柱结核患者亦逐渐增多,而不典型脊柱结核诊断较为困难,需要与一般细菌感染、肿瘤以及非结核分枝杆菌感染相鉴别。基因诊断技术是一项诊断脊柱结核的重要工具,对临床不典型脊柱结核的诊断有较高价值。本文将对脊柱结核的流行现状、诊断及基因诊断技术进行综述,以帮助临床工作者对脊柱结核做出更加准确的诊断。     

Human Leucocyte Differentiation Antigen nomenclature: update on CD nomenclature. Report of IUIS/WHO Subcommittee

The 7th International Workshop on Human Leucocyte Differentiation Antigens (HLDA7) studied a number of newly characterised molecules relevant to human leucocyte differentiation and function. The HLDA organisation, which devised and continues to maintain the CD nomenclature, is responsible, under the auspices of IUIS and WHO, for the nomenclature of all leucocyte differentiation markers. The 7th Workshop redefined a number of (principally carbohydrate) molecules, and assigned CD names to approximately 80 new molecules. This update lists, in tabular form, the redefined and newly assigned names, together with antibodies, which have been confirmed under Workshop conditions as specific for the new and redefined molecules. The major features of the cellular expression patterns are summarised, and a LocusLink accession number provided to enable the reader to access more detailed information through http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/LocusLink.     

Immune status and uptake of antiretroviral interventions to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Africa

The aim of this study performed in Abidjan, C?te d'Ivoire, was to describe the distribution of CD4+ T-cell lymphocytes (CD4) in HIV-1-infected (HIV+) pregnant women diagnosed during prenatal voluntary counseling and testing and to assess whether HIV-related immunodeficiency influenced the acceptance of an antiretroviral (ARV) package (zidovudine beginning at 36 weeks of amenorrhea plus intrapartum nevirapine) to prevent mother-to-child transmission. Between April and June 2002, a CD4 count was systematically performed in all HIV+ women (n=221) in 5 antenatal clinics carrying out voluntary counseling and testing. No difference in CD4 count was found in HIV+ women who did not return for their test result (n=50) and those who were informed of their positive serostatus (n=171) (median CD4 count: 389/mm3 vs. 420/mm3; P=0.19). We also found a lack of difference in CD4 count in those who accepted ARV (n=72) and those who did not but knew their HIV status (n=99) (median CD4 count: 405/mm3 vs. 425/mm3; P=0.47). The overall uptake of the intervention (31.9%) appeared to be independent of the maternal immune status.     

A meta-analytic review of HIV behavioral interventions for reducing sexual risk behavior of men who have sex with men

This meta-analysis examines the efficacy of international HIV prevention interventions designed to reduce sexual risk behavior of men who have sex with men (MSM). We performed a comprehensive search of published and unpublished English-language reports of HIV prevention interventions that focus on MSM and evaluated changes in risky sexual behavior or biologic outcomes related to sexual risk. Data from 33 studies described in 65 reports were available as of July 2003. Studies with insufficient data to calculate effect sizes were excluded from the meta-analysis. Interventions were associated with a significant decrease in unprotected anal intercourse (odds ratio [OR] = 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65-0.92) and number of sexual partners (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.61-0.94) and with a significant increase in condom use during anal intercourse (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.16-2.22). Interventions successful in reducing risky sexual behavior were based on theoretic models, included interpersonal skills training, incorporated several delivery methods, and were delivered over multiple sessions spanning a minimum of 3 weeks. Behavioral interventions provide an efficacious means of HIV prevention for MSM. To the extent that proven HIV prevention interventions for MSM can be successfully replicated in community settings and adapted and tailored to different situations, the effectiveness of current HIV prevention efforts can be increased.     

2014—2019年江西省伤害死亡情况及疾病负担分析

目的 了解江西省居民伤害死亡流行情况及其疾病负担,为科学制定本省伤害防制策略和措施提供依据。方法 利用中国死因登记报告信息系统2014—2019年江西死因监测数据,应用Excel 2007和SPSS 17.0软件进行数据整理和分析。采用死亡数、粗死亡率、标化死亡率、构成比、潜在减寿年数（PYLL）、减寿率（PYLLR）和平均潜在减寿年数(AYLL)等指标进行统计学描述,趋势变化采用年度变化百分比（APC）进行分析。结果 2014—2019年江西报告伤害死亡25 638人,年均粗死亡率为 50.81/10万,年均标化死亡率为 49.55/10万。男性死亡率高于女性、城市死亡率高于农村。伤害死亡前5位死因分别为道路交通事故、跌落、溺水、自杀和中毒。溺水、交通事故、跌落分别是0～14岁、15～44和45～64岁、≥65岁的首位伤害死因。2014—2019年江西省前5位伤害死因中,跌落粗死亡率呈上升趋势（APC = 8.22%）,中毒粗死亡率均呈下降趋势。2014—2019年伤害PYLL为692 196.73人年,PYLLR为14.24‰,AYLL 为 33.77年。PYLL及PYLLR 交通事故最高,AYLL最高的为溺水。15～44岁年龄组PYLL最高。结论 江西省伤害死亡负担较重,应根据不同人群的伤害死亡特征制定相应的防控策略和措施。