第三脑室颅咽管瘤的手术治疗策略

目的:总结第三脑室颅咽管瘤的手术治疗策略。方法:回顾性分析行手术治疗的28例第三脑室颅咽管瘤患者的临床资料,对比经终板和经前纵裂-胼胝体-透明隔-穹窿间2种手术入路的治疗效果和适应症。结果:2种手术入路在全切肿瘤率上无明显的统计学差异(P=0.907),经前纵裂-胼胝体-透明隔-穹窿间入路比经终板入路更容易出现尿崩(P=0.027)、电解质紊乱(P=0.033)等并发症。经终板入路适用肿瘤主体位于视交叉后上第三脑室底前部的肿瘤切除,而经前纵裂-胼胝体-透明隔-穹窿间入路适用于完全位于第三脑室内或肿瘤主体位于第三脑室内的肿瘤切除。结论:根据颅咽管瘤的影像学特征选择适当的手术入路,术中注意保护下丘脑和垂体柄是手术成功的关键。     

规律间断与持续硬膜外注射对分娩镇痛产妇运动功能及分娩结果的影响比较

目的 评价规律间断给药和持续注射用于腰-硬联合阻滞分娩镇痛对产妇运动功能及分娩结果的影响.方法 选择行腰-硬联合阻滞分娩镇痛的产妇155例,随机分为两组:规律间断硬膜外注射组(RIEB组)80例,蛛网膜下腔注射注入1 mL溶液(舒芬太尼5μg/mL+0.2%罗哌卡因),然后每小时给予硬膜外单次注射6 mL(舒芬太尼0.25μg/mL+0.08%罗哌卡因);持续给药组(CEI组)75例,给予上述腰麻药量后,按6 mL/h速度持续硬膜外给药.主要观测指标为产妇运动神经阻滞发生率、器械辅助分娩率及剖宫产率.镇痛开始后,每小时用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评估疼痛程度,用改良Bromage评分法评价下肢运动神经阻滞情况,同时记录产程时间、镇痛时间、罗哌卡因总量、舒芬太尼总量、需PCA产妇数及每例产妇PCA次数及新生儿Apgar评分.结果 与RIEB组比较,CEI组在镇痛2~10 h期间,下肢运动神经阻滞发生率、器械辅助分娩率及剖宫产率均显著增高(P<0.01),且罗哌卡因用量、舒芬太尼用量、需PCA产妇数及每例产妇PCA次数明显增加(P<0.01);两组产程时间、镇痛时间、第一产程VAS评分及新生儿Apgar评分差异无统计学意义.结论 规律间断给药与持续注射用于腰-硬联合阻滞分娩镇痛,前者不但可以降低运动神经阻滞发生率,而且还可以降低产妇器械辅助分娩率及剖宫产率.     

X线透视下放置螺旋型鼻肠管的操作体会

螺旋型鼻肠管是一种具有螺旋记忆性能，其远端可白行恢复螺旋状．进入胃内8～12h后，鼻肠管在胃蠕动作用下．自行通过幽门进入十二指肠和空肠。但临床上发现．由于急性重症胰腺炎、胃瘫等疾病本身就存在胃肠麻痹，鼻肠管自行通过幽门进入十二指肠和空肠的可能性较小．往往于24h后行X线摄片发现，鼻肠管卷曲缠绕于胃内。     

跖跗关节复合体损伤的诊治探讨

目的：探讨跖跗关节复合体（TJC）损伤的诊治方法。方法：2007年1月至2009年12月采用切开复位内固定治疗16例跖跗关节复合体损伤,男12例,女4例;年龄21～45岁,平均34.1岁,均为闭合性损伤。左侧7例,右侧9例,均为直接暴力所伤,其中交通伤4例,高处坠落伤5例,挤压伤7例。楔骨间脱位11例,舟楔关节脱位3例,骰骨骨折2例。跖跗关节损伤均为三柱损伤。根据手术探查和稳定性破坏情况,通常跗骨间关节,内侧、中间柱跖跗关节用螺钉固定,外侧柱用克氏针固定,对跖骨基底部粉碎性骨折和骰骨压缩性骨折等用跨关节微型钢板固定以达到解剖复位、有效固定。采用美国足踝外科协会（AOFAS）中足评分标准从疼痛、功能、对线方面进行临床评估。结果：所有患者均获得随访,时间6～18个月,平均12.6个月。按AOFAS评分：疼痛为（29.3±5.9）分,功能为（32.4±5.6）分,对线为（12.9±2.6）分,总分为（74.6±10.4）分。所有切口均Ⅰ期愈合,未见皮肤坏死,感染,钢板螺钉松动、断裂等并发症。3例患者因后期出现骨性关节炎,疼痛明显,行走困难,Ⅱ期行关节融合术。4例患者影像学表现为骨性关节炎,但临床症状（疼痛）较轻,继续观察随访。结论：解剖复位有效稳定内固定是治疗跖跗关节复合体损伤的关键要素,Ⅰ期切开复位内固定有利于Ⅱ期融合手术。     

低分子量肝素钙预防直肠癌术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的疗效及安全性观察

目的观察低分子量肝素钙预防直肠癌术后下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的临床疗效及安全性。方法将64例施行直肠癌根治术的患者随机分为联合治疗组与对照组,联合治疗组34例,对照组30例,联合治疗组应用低分子量肝素钙抗凝治疗,对照组不用。术后2~3周内复查下肢静脉彩超判定有无DVT,术后认真记录骶前引流管引流量及血、尿、痰和大便检查,观察有无出血。结果联合治疗组DVT发生率5.9%,对照组DVT发生率13.3%,2组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。联合治疗组没有发现出血及出血倾向。结论低分子量肝素钙可以降低直肠癌根治术后DVT发生率,安全性高。     

即时扩张皮瓣修复四肢小面积皮肤缺损的效果

目的评价即时扩张皮瓣在修复四肢小面积皮肤缺损中的治疗效果。方法对32例四肢小面积皮肤缺损患者,术中于缺损两侧皮下预置自制简易扩张器,术中即时扩张30～45 min,必要时可间隔5～10 min后行再次扩张1次,然后取出扩张器,Ⅰ期修复皮肤缺损。结果患者均获随访,时间1～18个月。31例四肢皮肤缺损获Ⅰ期修复愈合,1例切口脂肪液化,加强换药后获愈合;皮瓣均无坏死。结论术中即时扩张皮瓣治疗四肢小面积皮肤缺损是一种简单、经济、实用的修复方法。     

经胸微创非体外循环下封堵室间隔缺损:多中心经验和近中期随访结果

目的 总结多中心应用食管超声引导、经胸微创小切口、非体外循环(CPB)下封堵室间隔缺损(VSD)的临床经验和近、中期随访结果.方法 432例病儿,男235例,女197例;年龄3个月～15岁,平均(3.2±1.9)岁;体重4.0～26.0 kg,平均(13.3±5.6)kg.膜周部VSD 351例,嵴上或嵴内型VSD 57例,肌部VSD 24例(17例多发VSD).VSD直径3～12 mm,平均(5.3±1.6)mm.膜周部VSD,经剑突下或胸骨下端3～4 cm小切口进胸;嵴内或嵴上VSD,经胸骨左缘第3肋间2～3 cm小横切口进胸.暴露右心室表面,在食管超声引导和实时监测下,穿刺右心室游离壁,导引钢丝经右心室腔穿过VSD到达左心室腔,沿导引钢丝导入输送鞘管建立轨道.通过输送鞘管直接将封堵器安放在VSD部位.经食管超声多切面反复评估封堵器的位置和与周边组织的关系,若无异常情况即可释放封堵器.结果 432例中417例封堵成功(96.5%),15例(3.5%)术中改为常规CPB手术.封堵成功者中,选用对称伞238例(57.1%),偏心伞179例(42.9%).13例(3.1%)发生新的微量至轻度三尖瓣反流,11例(2.6%)术后发生不完全右束支传导阻滞,3例(0.7%)术后发生一过性完全性房室传导阻滞.术后383例(91.8%)病儿在2 h内拔除气管插管,3～5天出院.术后416例(96.2%,416/432例)随访12～38个月,平均(19.3±11.6)个月,无近、中期死亡.1例术后6个月发生完全性房室传导阻滞.其余无明显异常.结论 应用食管超声引导、经胸微创非CPB下封堵VSD技术,是一种相对简单有效的治疗方法,近、中期临床结果满意,但远期结果需要进一步观察.

Abstract：

Objective Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) guided, minimally invasive perventricular device occlusion of ventricular septal defects ( VSDs) without cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB) has been applied in multiple centers. We reported experiences and the mid-term results. Methods Four hundred and thirty-two cases from 4 cardiac centers were involved in the study. There were 235 males and 197 females, aged from 3 months to 15 years, with a body weight varying from 4.0 to 26.0 kg. Three hundred and fifty-one patients had perimembranous VSDs, 57 had intracristal or supracristal VSDs and 24 had muscular VSDs (17 had multiple muscular VSDs). The diameter of the VSD ranged from 3 to 12 (5.3 ±1.6 ) mm.For those with perimembranous or muscular VSDs, a 3 to 5 cm inferior sternotomy was made, but for those with intracristal or supracristal VSDs, a 2 to 3 cm incision was made parastemally through the left third intercostal space. Being monitored and guided with TEE, the device was deployed to occlude the VSD through the puncture at the free wall of the right ventricle. TEE was used for assessing the residual shunting, the left and right ventricular outlet tracts, valvular function and for detecting any arrhythmia, The devices would be released if the heart rhythm was normal, as well as the residual shunting and valvular regurgilalion were not detected. Results The procedure was completed successfully in 417 cases(96.5% ) and converted to traditional surgical closure with CPB in the other 15 cases(3.5% ). Concentric devices were used in 238 cases(57.1% )and eccentric devices were used in 179 patients(42.9% ). Successful procedures finished in less than 90 minutes, and the deployment and evaluation of the devices were completed in 5 to 60 (18. 2 ± 8.6) minutes. No residual shunt and detectable aortic or tricuspid insufficiency and arrhythmia was observed. Patients were extubated within 2 hours and discharged 3 to 5 days after the operation. During fellow-up period from 3 months to 2 years, no clinically significant complications occurred. Conclusion The minimally invasive device closure of VSD under TEE guidance without CPB is proved to be a simple, safe and effective treatment for a considerable number of children with VSD. Its use in the clinical practice should be encouraged.     

和解聚散方对单侧输尿管梗阻肾间质纤维化大鼠细胞外基质表达的影响

目的:研究和解聚散方对单侧输尿管梗阻(unilateral ureteral obstruction,UUO)大鼠肾间质纤维化(renal interstitial fibrosis,RIF)、细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM)、纤维连接蛋白(FN)和Ⅳ型胶原(Col Ⅳ)表达的影响.方法:...     

慢性粒细胞白血病患者的骨髓间充质干细胞对树突状细胞功能的调控

目的 探讨慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)患者骨髓间充质干细胞(MSC)对单个核细胞来源的树突状细胞(DC)的功能的调控及其机制.方法 采用细胞贴壁法获取CML患者骨髓MSC,在低血清培养液中培养和扩增.获取正常成人志愿者外周血单个核细胞,直接在体外诱导生成DC(正常DC组),另加入正常志愿者MSC(正常诱导组)或CML患者骨髓MSC(CML诱导组)以诱导生成DC.用流式细胞仪检测各组收获DC的免疫表型及MSC对DC吞噬功能的影响;用酶联免疫吸附试验检测各组DC白细胞介素12(IL-12)的分泌;混合淋巴细胞反应检测MSC对DC介导的异体T淋巴细胞增殖能力的抑制作用.结果与正常DC组相比较,正常诱导组和MSC诱导组培养7 d后未成熟DC的共刺激分子CD1a、CD80、CD83、CD86、CD40和HLA-DR的表达量较低(P＜0.05);与正常DC组相比较,诱导9 d后,正常诱导组和MSC诱导组成熟DC的CD40、CD86和CD83的表达量较低(P＜0.05).与正常DC组相比较,CML诱导组的不成熟DC的吞噬功能显著降低(P＜0.05),CML诱导组DC IL-12的分泌量显著下降(P＜0.05).CML诱导组的DC对T淋巴细胞增殖的刺激作用有所下降(P＜0.05).结论 CML患者骨髓MSC对DC的分化成熟以及其免疫调控能力有一定的抑制作用.

Abstract：

Objective To study the effects and mechanisms of mesenthymal stem cells (MSCs)derived bone marrow of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) on function of monocytederived dendritic cells in vitro. Methods Bone marrow mononuclear cells from CML patients were obtained and cultured. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from normal volunteers were isolated and cultured in DC differentiational condition. Moreover, PBMCs were co-cultured with CML bone marrow-derived MSCs (CML-MSC) or normal volunteers' bone marrow-derived MSC (normal-MSC) in DC differentiational condition. Immunophenotype and the endocytosis of monocytederived DCs were investigated by FACS. The level of IL-12 was evaluated by enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). The immunoregulatory ability was detected by mixed lymphocyte culture assay. Results CML-MSCs or normal-MSC inhibited the up-regulation of CD1a,CD40,CD80,CD86,and HLA-DR during DC differentiation and reduced CD40,CD86,and CD83 expression during DC maturation. CML-MSCs inhibited the endocytosis of DCs and decreased their capacity to secret IL-12. CML-MSC could significantly suppress the function of DCs stimulating proliferation of T lymphocytes. Conclusion CML-derived MSCs harbored effect on the differentiation and maturation of DCs in vitro ; CML-MSC could inhibit the immunregulation of DCs.