地方病调查中随机数字表的应用

在地方病抽样调查过程中,为了获取有代表性的样本,常采用随机化的方法.在实际工作中若调查总体不大的情况下,常通过随机数字表来实现.作者以吉林省克山病病情调查为例介绍随机抽样中随机数字表的使用方法,为地方病现场调查提供参考.     

克山病病区玉米及酱块对大鼠心肌损伤的实验研究

Objective To investigate the myocardial damage in rats fed with corn from Keshan disease area added with bean puree. Methods Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups according to their body weights, and fed with corn, corn from Keshan disease area added with bean puree, corn from non-endemic area. The GSH-Px activity of vena cardalis blood was examined in 1 and 3 months, rats were sacrificed after being fed for 6 months to examine the heart changes with HE stain. Results The three groups of GSH-Px activity were different in 1 and 3 months respectively(F=23.60,72.46, all P<0.01); GSH-Px activity was (181.58±22.15), (44.76±28.59)U/L in rats fed with corn, was (195.03±17.66), (30.38±3.35)U/L in those fed with corn added with bean puree from Keshan disease area, lower than the group fed with corn of non-endemic area[(340.90±95.42), (125.17±13.64)U/L, all P < 0.01]. But the difference of GSH-Px activity between simple corn group and corn adding bean puree groups of Keshan disease area was not obvious(P>0.05). Myocardial damage incidence of the three groups was 3/9,1/9,2/7. Difference among three groups did not have statistical significance(χ2=1.33, P> 0.05). Conclusions Only corn from Keshan disease area may induce myocardial damage pathology change. Adding bean puree into corn does not increase damage.     

硬膜外导管注入少量空气防止局麻药返流

目的：探讨硬膜外麻醉时防止局麻药返流的方法。方法：选择同期硬膜外麻醉120例，随机分为两组，A组为实验组，注药后向硬膜外导管内注入空气1ml，B组为对照组。结果：A组1例返流，发生率1．7％，B组21例返流，发生率35％，X2检验P＜0．005，差异有非常显性。结论：硬膜外导管内注入少量空气能有效防止局麻药的返流。     

心理支持性治疗联合音乐疗法对冠心病心绞痛患者心电图、心理状况及疼痛的影响

目的:研究心理支持性治疗联合音乐疗法对冠心病心绞痛患者心电图、心理状况及疼痛的影响。方法:将我院2016年1月-2018年1月收治的80例冠心病心绞痛患者随机分为观察组(传统干预+心理支持性治疗+音乐疗法,n=40)与对照组(传统干预,n=40),观察两组心电图疗效、心理状况、心绞痛发作情况、血浆NO、cGMP水平与满意度。结果:观察组心电图治疗有效率显著高于对照组(χ~2=4.02,P0.05);干预后,观察组和对照组SAS得分(t=12.95,8.00;P0.05)、SDS得分(t=13.41,9.84;P0.05),均较干预前显著降低,且观察组干预后SAS得分(t=-4.29,P0.05)、SDS得分(t=-3.73,P0.05)均显著低于对照组;干预后,两组心绞痛发作频率(t=34.87,22.82;P0.05),VAS疼痛得分(t=20.58,15.42;P0.05),持续时间(t=18.13,9.58,P0.05),均较干预前降低或缩短,且观察组干预后心绞痛发作频率(t=-9.97,P0.05),VAS得分(t=-5.37,P0.05),持续时间(t=-4.99,P0.05)均显著低于或短于对照组;干预后,两组血浆NO水平(t=-26.11,-20.63;P0.05),cGMP水平(t=-10.22,-6.55;P0.05),均较干预前显著提高,且观察组干预后,血浆NO(t=4.02,P0.05),cGMP(t=1.87,P0.05)均显著高于对照组;观察组心理辅导(t=2.51,P0.05),态度(t=2.37,P0.05),管理(t=4.98,P0.05)及总得分(t=5.75,P0.05)均显著高于对照组。结论:心理支持性治疗联合音乐疗法可有效缓解冠心病心绞痛患者焦虑、抑郁情绪,减少其心绞痛发生频率与持续时间,可有效控制患者病情。     

格拉司琼与氟哌利多对循环功能影响的对比研究

目的　研究硬膜外麻醉下格拉司琼与氟哌利多对循环功能的影响。方法　将 42例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级腹部手术病人随机分为 2组。GP组为试验组 :格拉司琼 4μg/kg、哌替啶 1mg/kg ;DP组为对照组 :氟哌利多 0 .5mg/kg、哌替啶1mg/kg。两组均在麻醉确切 ,切皮前 30min静脉注射。所有病例行桡动脉穿刺 ,术中连续监测、记录SBP、DBP、MBP、ECG、HR及SpO2 。结果　两组注药 10min、2 0min后SBP、DBP及MBP下降 ,与注药前相比 ,差异显著 ,但是DP组下降程度 >GP组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　硬膜外麻醉下行腹部手术应用格拉司琼对循环功能影响轻微。     

溃疡性结肠炎中医药治疗概况

溃疡性结肠炎是一种病因不明、复发率高的一种慢性肠道炎性疾病。中医药治疗溃疡性结肠炎疗效佳,副作用小,方法独特。文章就近10年来以中医药治疗溃疡性结肠炎方法作一综述。     

声学定量技术评价原发性高血压病患者的左室功能

目的评价原发性高血压病患者的左室功能变化。方法正常对照组包括38例正常人，67例原发性高血压（EH）患者分为高血压无左室肥厚组（NLVH）和高血压伴左室肥厚组（LVH），应用声学定量技术观测左室的功能变化。结果与对照组相比，高血压组AF、PAFR、PER均显著增大（P〈0．05～0．01），RF／AF减小（P〈0．05）；与高血压病NLVH组相比，高血压LVH组RF、TF、PRFR均减低且差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；与对照组相比，LVH组PRFR／PAFR降低且差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论高血压病患者左室充盈异常，舒张早期充盈减低，舒张晚期充盈增强；高血压LVH组左室舒张早期充盈受损重于高血压NLVH组；高血压病的舒张功能障碍在心肌肥厚前已经发生，心肌肥厚发生后，舒张功能障碍加重。     

小剂量氯胺酮复合咪达唑仑麻醉对剖宫产新生儿血气分析的影响

目的 小剂量氯胺酮静脉复合麻醉对剖宫产新生儿的影响。方法 Ⅰ组（实验组）：选择有硬膜外麻醉禁忌证剖宫产病人30例,采用小剂量氯胺酮复合咪达唑仑麻醉：咪达唑仑0．04mg／kg,氯胺酮0．5mg／kg静脉注射,胎儿娩出后,酌情追加氯胺酮、异丙酚维持麻醉。Ⅱ组（对照组）30例：Ⅰ组每例后第1例硬膜外麻醉剖宫产组成。观察两组麻醉效果、不良反应、BP、HR、SpO2、新生儿脐带血气分析度新生儿Apgar评分。结果 两组麻醉方法均能满足手术要求,Ⅰ组病人均不能回忆手术经过,无呕吐发生,两组脐带血气分析度新生儿Apgar评分无显著性差异（P〉0．05）,硬膜外麻醉组血流动力学改变显著（P〈0．05）。结论 小剂量氯胺酮复合咪达唑仑静脉麻醉能满足剖宫产手术要求,对新生儿无明显影响。     

克山病病区玉米及酱块对大鼠心肌损伤的实验研究

Objective To investigate the myocardial damage in rats fed with corn from Keshan disease area added with bean puree. Methods Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups according to their body weights, and fed with corn, corn from Keshan disease area added with bean puree, corn from non-endemic area. The GSH-Px activity of vena cardalis blood was examined in 1 and 3 months, rats were sacrificed after being fed for 6 months to examine the heart changes with HE stain. Results The three groups of GSH-Px activity were different in 1 and 3 months respectively(F=23.60,72.46, all P<0.01); GSH-Px activity was (181.58±22.15), (44.76±28.59)U/L in rats fed with corn, was (195.03±17.66), (30.38±3.35)U/L in those fed with corn added with bean puree from Keshan disease area, lower than the group fed with corn of non-endemic area[(340.90±95.42), (125.17±13.64)U/L, all P < 0.01]. But the difference of GSH-Px activity between simple corn group and corn adding bean puree groups of Keshan disease area was not obvious(P>0.05). Myocardial damage incidence of the three groups was 3/9,1/9,2/7. Difference among three groups did not have statistical significance(χ2=1.33, P> 0.05). Conclusions Only corn from Keshan disease area may induce myocardial damage pathology change. Adding bean puree into corn does not increase damage.