不同吸收促进剂及酶抑制剂对胰岛素体内及体外口腔黏膜渗透性的影响

目的：研究不同的吸收促进剂及酶抑制剂对胰岛素透过口腔黏膜的影响。方法：体外实验中,在不同吸收促进剂及酶抑制剂作用下,测定胰岛素透过仓鼠和家兔口腔黏膜的渗透系数;体内实验中,在胰岛素口腔喷雾剂中加入不同的吸收促进剂及酶抑制剂,考察大鼠经口腔喷入胰岛素后的血糖降低情况。结果：SDCh, Brij78, SLS以及lecithin可以显著增加胰岛素透过口腔黏膜的渗透系数,而aprotinin,bacitracin, 1-menth ol 以及 poloxamer的作用相对较小。胰岛素溶液中加入SDCh, Brij78, SLS以及lecithin 后,正常大鼠口腔喷雾给药,药理生物利用度都有显著的提高,而aprotinin ,b acitracin, 1-menthol 以及 poloxamer对血糖的影响较小。结论：对于考察吸收促进剂及酶抑制剂对胰岛素的促进吸收作用来说,体外实验与体内实验结果是一致的,可以通过体外实验来粗略地筛选吸收促进剂及酶抑制剂,为体内实验结果提供更多的线索和思路。     

Postural instability in cerebellar ataxia: Correlations of knee,arm and trunk movements to center of mass velocity

The aim of this study was to investigate the correlations between body segment movements and center of mass (COM) velocity during pathological balance corrections of spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) patients compared with controls, and to relate correlations indicating instability to EMG activity differences.     

Probiotics ameliorates LPS induced neuroinflammation injury on Aβ 1–42, APP, γ-β secretase and BDNF levels in maternal gut microbiota and fetal neurodevelopment processes

Metabolic Brain Disease - The gut microbiota influences brain development and functioning through the gut-brain axis. This is first study regulate maternal gut microbiota and fetal neurodevelopment...     

Aerosol‐based airway epithelial cell delivery improves airway regeneration and repair

Aerosol‐based cell therapy has emerged as a novel and promising therapeutic strategy for treating lung diseases. The goal of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of aerosol‐based airway epithelial cell (AEC) delivery in the setting of acute lung injury induced by tracheal brushing in rabbit. Twenty‐four hours following injury, exogenous rabbit AECs were labelled with bromodeoxyuridine and aerosolized using the MicroSprayer® Aerosolizer into the injured airway. Histopathological assessments of the injury in the trachea and lungs were quantitatively scored (1 and 5 days after cell delivery). The aerosol‐based AEC delivery appeared to be a safe procedure, as cellular rejection and complications in the liver and spleen were not detected. Airway injury initiated by tracheal brushing resulted in disruption of the tracheal epithelium as well as morphological damage in the lungs that is consistent with acute lung injury. Lung injury scores were reduced following 5 days after AEC delivery (AEC‐treated, 0.25  ±  0.06 vs. untreated, 0.53  ±  0.05, P  <  0.01), and rapid clearance of haemorrhage, proteinaceous debris and hyaline membranes occurred. In the trachea, AEC delivery led to an upsurge in epithelium regeneration and repair. Re‐epithelialization was significantly increased 5 days after treatment (AEC‐treated, 91.07  ±  2.37% vs. untreated, 62.99  ±  7.39%, P  <  0.01). Our results indicate that AEC delivery helps in the regeneration and repair of the respiratory airway, including the lungs, following acute insults. These findings suggest that aerosol‐based AEC delivery can be a valuable tool for future therapy to treat acute lung injury. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Comparison of some haemodynamic parameters determined by invasive methods as well as by the noninvasive radionuclide estimation of the left ventricular ejection fraction in conscious and anaesthetized dogs

An attempt was made to elaborate an optimal method for noninvasive radionuclide determination of left ventricular ejection fraction in conscious and lightly anaesthetized dogs, as well as to assess the value of this procedure in estimating cardiac functional state. Repeated determinations in the same animals have shown that the 45 degree left anterior oblique position (LAO-45) for imaging is optimal, giving the most uniform values of the calculated left ventricular ejection fraction. Neither the latter, nor the haemodynamic parameters (LVSP, LVEDP and dP/dt) determined by invasive methods were changed by light pentobarbital anaesthesia (20 mg/kg i. v.). Results confirm the validity of noninvasive radionuclide determination of left ventricular ejection fraction for estimation of the functional state and of the pharmacological actions on the latter in both conscious and anaesthetized animals.     

"Experimentation" with chloroform

A young patient presented with unconsciousness, cardiac arrhythmias, arterial hypotension, and mild intravascular hemolysis after intentional inhalation of chloroform. After the initial complications had resolved, nausea, loss of appetite, and mild transitory jaundice developed. Chloroform-associated hepatotoxicity was biochemically and histologically documented. Facilitating factors included long-term moderate alcohol consumption and an initial episode of arterial hypoxemia. Chloroform inhalation for recreational purposes is probably uncommon. Yet, because of its delayed onset, chloroform poisoning should be considered in acute liver disease without a clear antecedent cause.     

Aprotinin for patients exposed to clopidogrel before off-pump coronary bypass

To verify whether low-dose aprotinin reduces blood loss and blood product usage in patients with clopidogrel exposure within 5 days before off-pump coronary artery bypass, 51 patients with clopidogrel exposure were randomized in a double-blind fashion to receive low-dose aprotinin (25 patients), or placebo (26 patients). The baseline characteristics and number of distal anastomoses in the patients in each group were comparable. Time between the last dose of clopidogrel and start of the operation was similar in both groups, as was mean left ventricular ejection fraction. Chest tube drainage, blood product usage, and reoperation rate were significantly higher in the placebo group. In patients with unstable angina and recent clopidogrel exposure who are undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass, intraoperative administration of low-dose aprotinin is recommended to reduce blood loss and transfusion requirements.     

口服胺碘酮治疗非瓣膜病阵发性心房颤动的疗效及安全性

探讨口服胺碘酮治疗非瓣膜病阵发性心房颤动(简称房颤)的疗性和安全性,选取64例非瓣膜病阵发性房颤为随访观察对象。给药方法:负荷量,第一周每天0.6g,第二周每天0.4g,维持量每天0.1~0.2g。结果:随访1.7±1.6年。有效52例(81.3%),复发7例(13.5%)。22例出现不良反应(34.4%)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示:房颤发作时间和诱因、以及是否应用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)或紧张素受体拮抗剂(ARB)为影响胺碘酮治疗阵发性房颤疗效的独立预测因素,胺碘酮对于白天发作、且与劳累或生气等因素有关的阵发性房颤疗效较高(OR6.22,P=0.05),服用ACEI或ARB可能有助于阵发性房颤的治疗(OR21.65,P=0.03)。甲状腺功能异常9例(14.1%),心率减慢8例(12.5%),恶心、厌食2例,光过敏1例,皮疹1例,复视1例,嗜睡1例,咳嗽及肺部阴影各1例。结论:①胺碘酮治疗非瓣膜病阵发性房颤疗效较高、相对安全;②胺碘酮对于多于白天发作、且与劳累或生气等因素有关的阵发性房颤疗效较高;③ACEI或ARB可能有助于阵发性房颤的治疗。     

Rapid Increase in Marrow Fat Content and Decrease in Marrow Perfusion in Lumbar Vertebra Following Bilateral Oophorectomy: An MR Imaging-Based Prospective Longitudinal Study

ObjectiveBilateral oophorectomy leads to reduced bone mineral density (BMD), and reduced BMD is associated with increased marrow fat and reduced marrow perfusion. Purpose of this study was to investigate how soon these changes occur following surgical oophorectomy.ResultsReduced BMD, increased marrow FF, and reduced marrow perfusion occurred synchronously post-oophorectomy. There was a sharp decrease of 12.5 ± 7.2% in BMD (n = 6), a sharp increase of 92.2 ± 46.3% (n = 6) in FF, a sharp decrease of 23.6 ± 3.9% in maximum contrast enhancement (n = 5), and of 45.4 ± 7.7% for enhancement slope (n = 5) during the initial 3 months post surgery. BMD and marrow perfusion continued to decrease, and marrow FF continued to increase at a slower rate during the following 18 months. Friedman test showed a significant trend for these changes (p < 0.05).ConclusionBilateral oophorectomy leads to a rapid decrease in lumbar BMD, an increase in marrow fat content, and a decrease in marrow blood perfusion.