Optimization of Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Rapid Resolution LC-MS/ESI Identification of Chromones from Saposhnikoviae Radix through Orthogonal Array Design

Objective To establish a rapid and effective supercritical fluid extraction(SFE) and rapid resolution liquid chromatography method coupled with diode-array detector(RRLC-DAD) to quantify the chromones in a species. Methods The effects of four parameters including ethanol concentration(50%-90%), pressure(25-45 MPa), temperature(40-60 ℃), and time(30-90 min) on the chromones yields, namely prim-O-glucosylcimifugin, cimifugin, 5-O-methylvisammioside, and sec-O-glucosylhamaudol, were investigated using SFE system with orthogonal array design(OAD). Furthermore, the extracts were analyzed using rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array detector(RRLC-DAD) system to confirm the results. Results Under the optimized conditions, i.e., 35 MPa of pressure, 60 ℃ of temperature, 70% ethanol, and 60 min of time, the yields of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin, cimifugin, 5-O-methylvisammioside, sec-O-glucosylhamaudol, and total chromones were 3.514, 0.132, 6.242, 0.342, and 10.231 mg/g, respectively. In comparison with ultrasonic assisted extraction(UAE), SFE was able to yield a 20.7% increase in the total chromones from Saposhnikoviae Radix. Conclusion SFE is an alternative and promising method to extract chromones from this species, and the established RRLC-DAD method could serve as a rapid and effective method for the identification of chromones from Saposhnikoviae Radix.     

Xanthone glycosides from Polygala tenuifolia and their conformational analyses

Seven xanthone glycosides were isolated from the cortexes of Polygala tenuifolia, and their structures were identified as polygalaxanthones VIII-XI (1-4), sibiricoxanthone B (5), 7-O-methylmangiferin (6), and lancerin (7), on the basis of spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 1-4 are new xanthone glycosides, and compounds 4 and 5 exist as rotamers. To explain this phenomenon, conformational analyses were performed on compounds 4 and 5 and other compounds with similar skeletons that were isolated from P. tenuifolia.     

荞麦花叶提取物对S180荷瘤小鼠的辅助治疗作用

目的:研究荞麦花叶提取物(extraction of buckwheat flower and leaf,EBFL)对肿瘤的辅助治疗作用,并探讨其可能的机制。方法:建立小鼠S180肿瘤模型;分别ig荞麦花叶提取物200,400 mg.kg-1及与环磷酰胺(CTX)联合给药14 d,实验重复3次。测定荷瘤小鼠的生存期、肿瘤抑制率、白细胞计数、胸腺指数、脾指数,同时测定荷瘤小鼠血清中白细胞介素-2(IL-2),肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平。结果:与模型组相比,EBFL对肿瘤抑制作用不明显,但可使荷瘤小鼠生存期明显延长,25 d生存率以CTX+EBFL-H组最高(35%),其次是EBFL-H(25%)和EBFL-L(20%);与CTX阳性对照组比较,EBFL能明显抑制CTX所致白细胞数量减少及免疫器官指数降低(P<0.05,P<0.01);EBFL可提高IL-2水平,但对TNF-α水平无影响。结论:EBFL可改善荷瘤小鼠生存质量,延长生存期,减轻CTX的毒性,其机制可能是通过提高机体免疫力实现的。     

Didymin attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of didymin (Did) on doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity. Methods: After pretreatment with Did (2, 4, 8 mg/kg intraperitoneal i.p.) for 7 d, the male C57 mice were injected with single dose of DOX (20 mg/kg i.p.). The cardioprotective effect of Did was observed on the 7th day after DOX treatment. Results: DOX delayed body growth and caused cardiac tissue injury, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Similar experiments in H9C2 cardiomyocytes showed that DOX reduced cell viability, increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and fragmentation of DNA, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. However, all of these adverse effects were suppressed by Did pretreatment. Did increased protein expression of glutamate-L-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCL), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Besides, Did also induced activation of PI3K/AKT. Conclusion: These findings indicated Did prevented DOX-induced cardiac injury and apoptosis via activating PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 signaling pathway.     

针刺调节脑梗死大鼠脑血管平滑肌CaP、CaD变化的实验研究

目的:通过研究脑梗死发生后脑动脉血管平滑肌中与血管收缩相关的PKC通路中关键蛋白CaP、CaD的表达变化及针刺干预效应,研究针刺对脑梗死大鼠脑血管平滑肌CaP、CaD变化的动态调节规律。方法:以线栓法复制脑梗死大鼠模型,以脑表面血管为研究对象,应用免疫印迹法检测脑血管平滑肌CaP、CaD的变化规律和电针干预效应。结果:免疫印迹结果显示:与空白组相比模型组MCAO后各时相CaD、CaP表达量下调均有显著统计学差异(P<0.01或P<0.05);模型组和针刺组组间比较显示,针刺组CaD、CaP表达量均上调,组间比较均有显著统计学差异(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论:针刺干预可显著抑制MCAO模型大鼠脑表面血管CaD、CaP表达下调趋势,使其维持在正常值左右,这对于缓解缺血后血管平滑肌痉挛,保证缺血区血液供应具有重要作用。     

郑州新密洪山庙及洪山真人考

目的：考证郑州新密洪山庙及洪山真人。方法：通过文献研究、实地考证及口述洪山真人事迹等对郑州新密洪山庙及洪山真人进行研究。结果：对郑州新密洪山庙及洪山真人做了较全面地介绍,引证了有关洪山真人事迹的充足的史料,并例举了当地有关洪山真人的民间传说,最后总结了作者的四点深切感受。其一,药王崇拜思想有深厚的群众基础,它反映了人民的心愿;其二,不同时代、不同地区所祭祀的药王,其原型亦有所不同;其三,药王庙及其所祭祀的历代药王,彰显了道家珍惜生命、以民为本、全性葆真、养生尽年的情怀和精神;其四,众多药王庙的建立,催生了大大小小的药材市场,促进了中药业的发展,给世人以启示。结论：对郑州新密洪山庙及洪山真人的考证有利于中医的发展。     

Aligned acupuncture at muscle regions plus cutaneous needle for upper limb spasticity after stroke: A multicenter randomized controlled trial

Objective： To evaluate the clinical efficacy of aligned acupuncture at the muscle regions plus cutaneous needle for post-stroke upper limb spasticity. Methods： By adopting a design of multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial, 488 patients with post-stroke upper limb spasticity were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 244 in each group. In addition to rehabilitation training, the treatment group received aligned acupuncture at the muscle regions plus cutaneous needle therapy and the control group received conventional Western medicine. After successive 3-week treatments, the clinical efficacy, spasticity degree of the upper limb, joint function, and neurological defect degree were evaluated in the two groups. Results： The total effective rate was 93.4% in the treatment group versus 61.5% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant （P 〈 0.05）. The upper-limb spasticity degree, joint function, and neurological defect degree were improved significantly in both groups after intervention （P〈0.05）, and the improvements in the treatment group were more significant than those in the control group （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. Conclusion： Aligned acupuncture at the muscle regions plus cutaneous needle therapy is effective in treating post-stroke upper limb spasticity.     

痹颗粒对RA-MsPGN大鼠肾组织PTK活性的影响

目的探讨痹颗粒对RA-MsPGN大鼠模型肾组织PTK活性的影响,治疗RA-MsPGN的作用机制。方法按照Phospho Safe TM ExtR Action Reagent试剂盒提取蛋白质,按照K-LISA PTK Screening Kit试剂盒测定蛋白酪氨酸激酶(PTK)活性,并根据检测试剂盒提供的标准品直线回归方程计算PTKs的含量。结果RA-MsPGN模型大鼠与正常组相比肾组织PTK含量显著升高(P<0.001),雷公藤多苷片和痹颗粒各剂量组均能显著降低大鼠肾组织PTK含量(P<0.05或0.01)。结论痹颗粒对RA-MsPGN大鼠肾组织PTK活性有明显抑制作用,其治疗作用有可能是通过对PTK的作用而实现的。     

高效液相色谱法测定燕麦麸皮芦丁的含量

目的:建立燕麦麸皮中芦丁的含量测定方法。方法:燕麦麸皮经甲醇提取,提取物用甲醇溶解,定容,HPLC分析条件为流动相甲醇-0.4%磷酸(45:55),流速1.0mL/min,柱温30°C,360nm波长下检测样品芦丁的含量。结果:线性方程为Y=0.0007X-0.0029,r=0.9997,线性范围0.025～0.125μg,平均回收率99.58%,RSD为1.32%。结论:本方法简单、快捷,重复性良好,可用于燕麦麸皮中芦丁含量的质量控制。